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Rita Levi Montalcini was born on April 22, 1909, in Turin, Italy, into a Jewish family. From a young age, she displayed a strong interest in science and medicine, inspired by her father, an engineer, and her mother, who encouraged her studies. Despite the social challenges and limitations faced as a woman in a male-dominated era, her passion for biology and neurophysiology grew, driving her to pursue an academic career.

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During World War II, while forced to work in a clandestine laboratory due to racial laws, Montalcini discovered the nerve growth factor (NGF). This discovery revolutionized the understanding of the development of the nervous system and cell communication. Her research had a lasting impact on neuroscience and opened new avenues for understanding neurodegenerative diseases.

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In 1986, Rita Levi Montalcini was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, sharing the honor with her colleague Stanley Cohen. The award recognized their discoveries related to the nerve growth factor, which contributed to enhancing the knowledge of cellular functions and interactions in the nervous system.

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Rita Levi Montalcini passed away on December 30, 2012, in Rome, at the age of 103. Her death occurred in a context of great respect and recognition for her scientific contributions and her commitment to promoting education and research. Her life served as an example of resilience and determination, inspiring generations of scientists and women to pursue their passions despite adversity.