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This is a cylinder seal from the Jemdet Nasr time period. It was found in Mesopotamia, but now is displayed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The seal is 1.12 in in length and is made of steatite and glaze. Cylinder seals are meant to be rolled over wet clay. Each cylinder is unique to each individual person that holds it. This individual seal holds many distinct years within it which can be shown through the cracks and discoloring of the object. The importance of keeping it intact helps show the value of the seal. These are meant to be worn and were often placed on necklaces. These are carried throughout life and death and can often display life memories or scenes. This seal in particular displays a scene of the inside of the building. There are arches and candles inside what could be an important building or tomb.

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Toreador fresco from the palace at Knossos ca. 1400 BCE

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Toreador fresco from the palace at Knossos ca. 1400 BCE

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This mural from Crete Greece is located on the Palace of Knossos. The bull leaping was a popular Minoan pastime. This was proven due to the illustrations on multiple artifacts. Toreador Fresco is part of a larger series of images but was the only one that could be restored. This was the most famous artwork from Crete and displayed typical stylistic traits of Minoan art such as elongated forms, long black hair, typical gender color conventions, sense of movement, and focuses of naturalism. Toreador Fresco helps portray a variety of warm and cool colors, sticking to an original pallete. When observed you can notice the border displays layered colors of which contain a variation of textured and designs to help show simple, but effective details. This is also shown on the bull which gives his "hide" texture. The bull itself stands between to toreadors which try to conquer the animal. There is also another being which hangs onto the animal upside down. This figure is also the only one which shows an array of color. This mural is on display at the Heraklion Archeological Museum in Crete.

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This mask is of the King Tutankhamen. It was discovered in his tomb located in Thebes, Egypt. The artifact is from the 18th dynasty, ca. 1323 BCE. The Death Mask is made out of gold and has an inlay of semi-precious stones. When observed it is perceived to have had miraculous uptake. The designs show a variety of line textured tiles to appear as a large necklace which is a good representation of their culture at the time. The use of line is heavily used within this piece from the necklace to the Nemes, to the simple details on the postiche. Color also stands out on the mask as vibrant blues and reds are present on the gold-plated artifact. This beautiful artifact is 1' 9 1/4" tall and weighs 22.5 lbs. The Death Mask is currently subsided at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

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Ishtar Gate of Babylon ca. 605 - 562 BCE

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Ishtar Gate of Babylon ca. 605 - 562 BCE

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The Istar Gate is the most elaborate example of Babylonian city gate. The bricks are glazed in Lapis Lazuli and have snake dragons displayed on the walls. The gate opens onto a walled street that ran through the city to Marduk's Ziggurat. The street level was decorated with over 120 life sized striding lions, bulls, and dragons. The gate walls are 50' high and 23' thick. It played a major role in the Babylonian festival called Akitu. This is a festival which is celebrated over the course of 12 days in the spring. This gate helps show remarkable parallels between time and place in Mesopotamian material culture. Different details are displayed throughout the piece on each section. There is patterned animal designs on the face, dotted borders around the walls, a capital that displays multiple linear pyramids, and a large arch to emphasis the opening. The gate is now reconstructed for others to come and see at Pergamon Museum in Berlin.

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This amazing artifact is from Attica, Greece. The figure stands 6ft 5 in and is currently located at the National Archeological Museum in Athens. This heroic nude sculpture is dedicated to a fallen soldier. Back then nudity had several meanings in Ancient Greece; it was known to be heroic. The nude figure is lightly larger than a life-sized human. It has stylized braided hair and a headband. He is frontally ridged, has an Archaic smile, and displays a typical Kouros pose. When observed the figure has many features that stands out past his nudity. The figure stands tall and has only a few blemishes which gives the observer a sense of the upkeep of the object. The details in his features show the realistic characteristics and design styles of the time. From the creases of the body forms to the braided emphasized hair, the body is assembled to create a real picture of a human. The knees design themselves help show the understanding of the human anatomy. Although it was made in ca. 530 BCE, it helped show an evolvement in naturalist and abstract designs.

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The Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater) c. 70-80 CE

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The Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater) c. 70-80 CE

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This Colosseum is a huge part of history, and many still travel to see it in person today. The building is made of concrete and tufa and is faced with travertine. This historic amphitheater appears rigid and run down. The material shows breaks, cracks, and an unstable environment. This helps give us an idea on how much the theater was used and loved. The material also appears faded due to the sun exposure since there is no roof. The amphitheater has built three layers. Within the design there are many displays of Roman arches on the several sections. Due to history, I think that the layers tend to represent the layers of society. If you are more important or had a higher standing, you were sure to be closer to the "den". This helps give us a picture of the hierarchy back then. The tall bland walls help give a dominating tone which I'm sure helped with the intimidating events that once took place within the Colosseum.

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The Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater) c. 70-80 CE

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Located in Jerusalem is this extraordinary octagonal building. It holds a wide variety of patterned textiles and textures throughout. The outside and inside are cohesive as they both mirror the major emphasis on vegetal motifs and geometric designs. The Aniconic decoration shows off Coptic, Sassanian, and Byzantine elements. This building is the first masterpiece of Islamic culture, and unveils many hues of blues, greens, yellows, and a large dome of a gold material. This building is not a mosque, and it is still questioned what the original use was. Even if not a mosque, the building has many qualities to it of which drags peoples view to it. Dome of the Rock has a variety of arches indented on the sides of the building which helps the building appear taller due to the linear columns made. Linear designs continue through the calligraphy presented throughout the Dome of the Rock. This building still stands today.

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This beautiful carpet page is a 34 x 24 cm work of art. The discoloring of the ink on vellum presents the prime narrative which was created all those years ago. Carpet pages resemble textiles, and can have different forms like animals, elastic shapes, and zoomorphic elements. This decorative carpet page displays a variety of elastic shapes, portraying loops and Roman interlacing's of different figures to create an overall image. The focal point of this piece appears to be a colorful red cross which is highlighted due to the change of color, in this case red. The page itself seems to also be a captured image of a ceiling textile design as the crowning on the sides form a bordered emphasis on the design itself. The gold characteristically divine decoration also helps show a sense of importance to the piece. Blues, tans, greens, golds, and reds spread across the page; however, all focus strides to the cross which is a dominated decoration in the pages. The flat plane of color should also be noted as it helps portray a classical form. This Carpet page is on display at the British Library in London where it is displayed for everyone to come see the work of art form Lindisfarne Northumberland, England.

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This Tempera painted canvas shows many important forms. The painting appears to have Venus, the goddess of love, standing in the middle of the canvas in a shell. She covers herself with her long, healthy, luxurious hair as she is accompied by others that are drawn to her. One woman; on the right, holds a patterned cloth of which she seems to have gathered to cover Venus. The maiden is observed to have a higher social standing due to the lavish materials and statement pieces she wears. On the left of Venus is two others which seem to blow Venus to shore by the element of wind. They are nude but lightly covered in a cloak. The male figure also seems to be some sort of angel, flying as he carries the other woman. This painting alone has a wide use of color, everyting portraying to appear natualistic. The colors are light tones, allowing the focus to not be on the color but the figures themself. This painting was created by Sandro Botticelli and is located at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy.