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Middle American Indian society

Major economic impact

Predominantly polytheistic

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700 BC–1521 AD

Origin: 500~700 BC;

Originated in the valleys of Oaxaca in Southern and Eastern Mesopotamia (or current Mexico)

Rise/Height: 500BC-700AD:

Length of the Monte Albán; capital city

First calendar

First writing system

Peak population in 250BC

Fall: 1000~1500AD

Wars with Mixtec

Wars with Aztecs

Defeat against Spanish invaders

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Lived in Oaxaca in Southern Mexico

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Agricultural base

Slash and burn

Staple crops: corn, beans, squash

Market crops: coffee, wheat, sugar cane

Plow and oxen in cultivation

Habitation

Mountain, valley, or costal depending on economy

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Crafts:

Pottery

Weaving and palm fiber weaving

Clothing:

Women wore a long skirt, long overtunic, and a headpiece or shawl

Men wore loose trousers, a loose shirt, sandals, and a straw or wool hat

Religion:

Roman Catholic (after the conquistadors)

Pagan beliefs and rituals combined with Christianity

Polytheistic before Christianity reached the Americas

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Upon similar societies

Sciences

Cultural practices

Social relations

Economic exchanges (jade, obsidian, gold, pearls, shells)

Built first urban center in Americas (Monte Alban)