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Scientist, birth date, where they were born

2 accomplishments

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Nicolaus Copernicus , 1473, Poland

Earth is a planet like Venus or Saturn

Heliocentric system (the sun is at the center of the universe, we revolve around it)

Francis Bacon, 1561, England

Established the scientific method

A politician who helped further the idea of separation between church and state

Galileo Galilei, 1564, Italy

There are four moons revolving around Jupiter

Countless individual stars make up the Milky way

Johannes Kepler, 1571, Germany

Kepler’s First Law (planets move in elliptical orbits around hte sun)

Kepler’s Second Law (planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they’re closer to the sun)

William Harvey, 1578, England

Discovered that blood flows to the heart

The body's valves in the veins maintain a one way flow

Rene Descartes, 1596, France

Geometry problems can be solved by converting them to algebra

Introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method

Robert Boyle, 1627, Ireland

The volume of gas decreases with increasing pressure

And the volume of gas increases with decreasing pressure!

Isaac Newton, 1643, England

Discovered calculus

Developed three laws of motion (Law of inertia, law of acceleration, law of action and reaction)

Caroline Herschel, 1750, Germany

First woman to discover a comet

Detected three new nebulae (gas clouds)

Mary Somerville, 1780, England

Discovered Neptune

Contributed to the circulation and visibility of calculus in Britain

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Nicolaus Copernicus - Feb 19, 1473, born in Poland

Discovered Heliocentric - Earth revolves around sun

Earth is a planet

Francis Bacon - January 22, 1561, London

Established scientific method, the method used most often when doing experiments

Pushed science in the political world

Galileo Galilei - Feb 15, 1564, born in Italy

pioneered use of telescope

discovered rings of Saturn

Johannes Kepler - Dec 27, 1571, born in Germany

Planets move in elliptical orbits

planets move faster when they are closer to the sun

William Harvey - April 1, 1578 Kent, England

Blood flows to heart

blood flows in one direction in a circle

Rene Descartes - March 31, 1596, Touraine, France

Analytic geometry: solving algebraic equations using geometry and geometric problems using algebra

deductive reasoning: 4 rules applicable to all math and science

Isaac Newton- Jan 4, 1643 England

An object will not change its motion unless a force acts upon it

Force = Mass x Acceleration

Robert Boyle - Jan 25, 1627 Born Ireland

Boyle’s Law - inverse relationship between pressure and volume

Discovered that matter is made up of tiny particles that he called corpuscles (atoms)

Caroline Herschel - March 16, 1750

Discovered a comet

Discovered three nebulae

Mary Somerville - Dec 26, 1780

Helped discover Neptune

Started using differential calculus early on

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Nicolaus Copernicus - Feb 19, 1473 Poland

Discovered heliocentrism - Earth revolves around the sun

Discovered that Earth rotates on its axis daily

Francis Bacon - January 22, 1561, London

Established scientific method, the method used most often when doing experiments

Pushed science in the political world

Galileo Galilei - Feb 15, 1564

Pioneered use of telescope

Discovered Rings of Saturn

Johannes Kepler - Dec 27, 1571 - Germany

Planets move in elliptical orbits

Planets move faster when they are closer to the sun

William Harvey - April 1, 1578 Kent, England

Blood flows to the heart

Blood flows one way in a circle

Rene Descartes - March 31, 1596, Touraine, France

Analytic geometry: solving algebraic equations using geometry and geometric problems using algebra

deductive reasoning: 4 rules applicable to all math and science

Robert Boyle - Jan 25, 1627 Born Ireland, worked in Ireland and England

Boyle’s Law - inverse relationship between pressure and volume

Discovered that matter is made up of tiny particles that he called corpuscles (atoms)

Isaac Newton- Jan 4, 1643 England

An object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it

Force = Mass x Acceleration

Caroline Herschel - March 16, 1750 born in Germany, worked in England

Discovered a comet

Discovered three nebulae

Mary Somerville - Dec 26, 1780 Scotland

Helped discover Neptune

Started using differential calculus early on

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Nicolaus Copernicus, Febuary 19, 1473, Poland

Discover Heliocentric

Theory that sun rests at the center of the universe

Earth spins on its axis once daily, revolves once around the Sun each year

Discovered that the seasons, sun rising and setting, and the movement and placement of stars were all due to sun movement.

Francis Bacon

January 22, 1561, York House, Strand

He served as attorney general and Lord Chancellor of England

He created the theory that science was discovered through observation of nature

Galileo Galilei, February 15, 1564, Pisa, Italy

He discovered the laws of free fall, projectile motion, and the concept of inertia.

invented an improved telescope

Helped him and other astronomers observe and study the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, and the phases of Venus

Johannes Kepler, Decmber 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Wurttemberg(Now Germany)

Formulate three laws of planetary motion

Planets move in elliptical paths around the Sun

Planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun

Kepler's Third Law explains the relationship between the distance of a planet from the Sun and the amount of time it takes to orbit the Sun

Invented a new type of telescope

Keplerian telescope

William Harvey, April 1, 1578, England

Proved that blood flows only in the direction of the heart

He also proved the body's valves in the veins maintained the one-way flow.

René Descartes

March 31, 1596, Descartes, France

He invented geometry

He said you could solve algebraic equations geometrically and geometric equations algebraically

Margaret Cavendish

1623, Colchester, United Kingdom

She helped popularize atomism which is the idea that the world was made up of minute particles.

She also helped spread Mechanism(Mechanism is the belief that natural wholes (principally living things) are similar to complicated machines or artifacts, composed of parts lacking any intrinsic relationship to each other.)

Robert Boyle, January 25th, 1627, Ireland

Discovered that the volume of a gas decreases with increasing pressure

Designed and improved an air pump capable of creating and sustaining a vacuum

Isaac Newton, January 4th, 1643, England

Formed the 3 laws of motion. Inertia, Force, Action & Reaction

The invention of calculus, the mathematical study of change.

Caroline Herschel, March 16, 1750, Hannover, Germany

Built a 12-metre-long reflector

The biggest and longest telescope of the time

Discoverd a comet and three nebulas

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Nicolaus Copernicus was born on February 19, 1473 in Poland

Popularized the theory of heliocentrism which says that everything revolves around the sun, not Earth

Developed a system for calculating and predicting planetary motions

Francis Bacon was born on January 22, 1561 in the United Kingdom

Created the Scientific Method, also known as the Bacon Method

Played an indirect role in the contribution to plate tectonic theory and solid Earth geophysics

Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564 in Italy

Discovered the laws of free fall

Discovered the concept of inertia

Johannes Kepler was born on December 27, 1571 in Germany

Discovered that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun

Discovered that planets move in elliptical paths around the Sun

William Harvey was born on April 1, 1578 in the United Kingdom

The first person to correctly describe blood's circulation in the body

Recognized that the blood flows rapidly around the human body

Rene Descartes was born on March 31, 1596 in France

Invented analytical geometry

Introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method

Robert Boyle was born on January 25, 1627 in Ireland

Invented the vacuum pump

Discovered that air was necessary for burning

Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 in the United Kingdom

Invented the reflecting telescope

Devised law of universal gravitation

Caroline Herschel was born on March 16, 1750 in Germany

Built a 12-metre-long reflector, the largest telescope of its day

In 1786 Caroline had become the first woman to discover a comet

Mary Sommerville was born on December 26, 1780 in the United Kingdom

Part of the women members of the Royal Astronomical Society

Her science books became international bestsellers

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Nicolaus Copernicus, February 19, 1473, Royal Prussia, Poland

Discovered that the earth turns once daily on its own axis.

He developed the main elements of the heliocentric hypothesis

Galileo Galilei, February 15, 1564, Pisa

He developed the concept of inertia.

Galileo discovered the 3 laws of free fall that state that in the absence of air resistance all bodies fall with the same acceleration independent of their mass.

Johannes Kepler, December 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Wurttemberg

He used math to discover three laws of planetary motion

Discovered a more accurate account of how vision works through studying the behavior of light.

William Harvey,  April 1, 1578, Kent, England

He was the first man to correctly describe Blood circulation in the body.

Discredited the theory that the liver was the source of blood movement around the body.

Rene Descartes, March 31, 1596, Touraine, France

He invented analytical geometry.

Descartes and added the component of skepticism to the scientific method.

Margaret Cavendish, 1623, Colchester, United Kingdom

She became the first woman to attend a meeting of the royal society which was gathering for scientists to cover key topics.

She was also the first to develop an original theory of atomism in Britain

Robert Boyle, January 25, 1627, Ireland

He invented the Vacuum Pump.

Discovered the earliest form of Atomic Theory

Isaac Newton, December 25, 1642, Lincolnshire, England

Formulated gravitational and motion laws.

Newton also invented Calculus in mathematics.

Mary Somerville, December 26, 1780, Roxburghshire, Scotland

She was one of the first women accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society.

She contributed greatly to the circulation or Calculus mathematics

Francis Bacon, Dec. 21, 1904, Essex, England

He established the Scientific Method

Created high efficiency pollution free technology for Apollo Spacecrafts.

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Nicolaus Copernicus

- Feb 19, 1473

-Polish

-proposed the heliocentric system: the planets revolves around the sun, the earth does so annually

- Argued for the Earth's rotation on its axis

Francis Bacon -

-January 22, 1561,

-London

-Established scientific method, the method used most often when doing experiments

-Pushed science in the political world

Galileo Galilei

-feb 15, 1564

-Pisa, Italy

-discovered the laws of free fall and projectile motion

-rings of Saturn and mountains on the moon

Johannes Kepler

-Dec 27, 1571

-German

-3 laws of planetary motion: 1. the planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun as the center focus,2. planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun 3. A planet's orbital period is the same as the size of its orbit

- provided a new and correct account of how vision occurs

William Harvey -

-April 1, 1578

-Kent, England

-Blood flows to the heart

-Blood flows one way in a circle

Rene Descartes -

-March 31, 1596,

-Touraine, France

-Analytic geometry: solving algebraic equations using geometry and geometric problems using algebra

-deductive reasoning: 4 rules applicable to all math and science

Robert Boyle -

-Jan 25, 1627

- Ireland, worked in Ireland and England

-Boyle’s Law - inverse relationship between pressure and volume

-Discovered that matter is made up of tiny particles that he called corpuscles (atoms)

Issac Newton

-Jan 4, 1643

-United kingdom england

-Force is mass x Acceleration

-An object cannot change its motion unless a force acts on it

Caroline Herschel -

-March 16, 1750

-Discovered a comet

-Discovered three nebulae

Mary Somerville -

-Dec 26, 1780

-Helped discover Neptune

-Started using differential calculus early on

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Nicolaus Copernicus, February 19, 1473, Poland

Discovered that the sun was teh center of the universe

created a system for calculating the movement of planets

Francis Bacon

January 22, 1561, Britain

He served as attorney general and Lord Chancellor of England

He created the theory that science was discovered through observation of nature.

Galileo Galilei, February 15, 1564, Pisa, Italy

-He discovered the laws of free fall, projectile motion, and the concept of inertia.

-invented an improved telescope and helped him and other astronomers observe and study the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, and the phases of Venus

Johannes Kepler, December 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Wurttemberg

He used math to discover three laws of planetary motion

Discovered a more accurate account of how vision works by studying the behavior of light.

William Harvey,  April 1, 1578, Kent, England

He was the first man to correctly describe Blood circulation in the body.

Discredited the theory that the liver was the source of blood movement around the body.

René Descartes, March 31, 1596, Descartes, France

He invented geometry

He discovered you could solve algebraic equations geometrically and geometric equations algebraically

Margaret Cavendish, 1623, Colchester, United Kingdom

Her writings had a lot to do with natural philosophy

Promoted and popularized important ideas of the scientific revolution; natural philosophies being one

Robert Boyle, Jan 25th, 1627, Ireland,

Boyle's law, that the volume of a gas decreases with increasing pressure.

Known as the father of modern chemistry.

Issac Newton

-Jan 4, 1643 ENgland

-Force is mass x Acceleration

-An object cannot change its motion unless a force acts on it

Came to his mind when he saw an apple drop from a .

tree.

-Figured out gravity.

Sophie Germain, 1776, France,

one particular theorem that aimed at proving the first case of Fermat's Last Theorem

Sophie Germain's publications on the theory of elasticity were instrumental in the building of the Eiffel Tower.

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus:

Torun Poland; 1473-1593;  HELIOCENTERIC UNIVERSE: Copernicus that sun was at rest in center of universe and everything else revolved around it, EARTH STUDIES: Copernicus said that the Earth turned on an axis once daily

Galileo Galilei

Pisa, Italy; 1564-1642; TELESCOPIC OBSERVATIONS: Galilei was the first to telescopically report the moons of Jupiter, the mountains on the moon, and the rings of Saturn, INVENTIONS: Galilei was the first to create the early microscope and the predecessor of the thermometer

Francis Bacon

York House, Strand; 1561-1626; PLATE TECTONIC THEORY: the first to start on the journey to discover the tectonic plates that make up the Earth, BEHAVIORAL ACCOUNT: made studies on how the behavioral account to each individual person is different

Johannes Kepler:

Weil de Stadt Germany; 1571-1630; LAW ONE OF PLANETARY MOTION: planets move in ellipticary paths around the sun, LAW TWO OF PLANETARY MOTION: the imaginary line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas of space during equal time intervals as the planet orbits

William Harvey

Folkestone, UK; 1578-1657; BLOOD CIRCULATION: first person to correctly describe the blood circulation in the body, UNDERSTANDING ARTERIES: Harvey was one of the first people to understand arteries, and how they pump blood through the human body

Rene Descartes

Descartes, France; 1596-1650; ANALYTIC GEOMETRY: method of solving geometric problems algebraically and algebraic problems geometrically, DEDUCTIVE REASONING: found a way to solve problems using a math based deductive reasoning system

Margaret Cavendish

Colchester, UK; 1623-1673; WROTE UNDER HER OWN NAME: unlike many female authors at the time, she wrote under her own name instead of a mans, WROTE ABOUT PHILOSOPHY AND GENDER: wrote about the issues on metaphysics and natural sciences

Robert Boyle

Lismore, Ireland; 1627-1691; VOLUME OF GAS: Boyle discovered that the volume of gas decreases when pressure is applied, DISCOVERED OXYGEN: Boyle was the first person to discover the oxygen element

Isaac Newton

London, UK; 1643-1727; LAWS OF MOTION: math formulas that explain how an object moves when a force acts upon them, UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION: a law that states every particle attracts every other particle in the universe

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Judah Thacker - Scientific Revolution Timeline

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Judah Thacker - Scientific Revolution Timeline

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Nicolaus Copernicus, Febuary 19, 1473, Poland

Discover Heliocentric

The theory that the sun rests at the center of the universe

Earth spins on its axis once daily, revolves once around the Sun each year

Discovered that the seasons, sun rising and setting, and the movement and placement of stars were all due to sun movement.

Francis Bacon, January 22, 1561, York House, Strand

He served as the attorney general and Lord Chancellor of England

He created the theory that science was discovered through observation of nature

Galileo Galilei, February 15, 1564, Pisa, Italy

He discovered the laws of free fall, projectile motion, and the concept of inertia.

invented an improved telescope

Helped him and other astronomers observe and study the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, and the phases of Venus

Johannes Kepler, Decmber 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Wurttemberg(Now Germany)

Formulate three laws of planetary motion

Planets move in elliptical paths around the Sun

Planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun

Kepler's Third Law explains the relationship between the distance of a planet from the Sun and the amount of time it takes to orbit the Sun

Invented a new type of telescope

Keplerian telescope

William Harvey, April 1, 1578, England

Proved that blood flows only in the direction of the heart

He proved the body's valves in the veins maintained a one-way flow

René Descartes, March 31, 1596, Descartes, France

He invented geometry

He discovered you could solve algebraic equations geometrically and geometric equations algebraically

Margaret Cavendish, 1623, Colchester, United Kingdom

She helped popularize atomism which is the idea that the world is made up of minute particles

She also helped spread Mechanism(The belief that natural wholes, principal living things, are similar to complicated machines or artifacts, composed of parts lacking any intrinsic relationship to each other)

Robert Boyle, January 25th, 1627, Ireland

Discovered that the volume of a gas decreases with increasing pressure

Designed and improved an air pump capable of creating and sustaining a vacuum

Isaac Newton, January 4th, 1643, England

Formed the 3 laws of motion.

1. Inertia: every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force.

2. Force: The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.

3. Action & Reaction: Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.

He discovered and formed calculus, the mathematical study of change.

Caroline Herschel, March 16, 1750, Hannover, Germany

Built a 12-metre-long reflector

The biggest and longest telescope of the time

Discovered a comet(the first woman to do this) and three nebulas

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Sophia Slattery - Scientific Revolution Timeline

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Sophia Slattery - Scientific Revolution Timeline

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Nicolaus Copernicus 1473, Poland

-Propsed a heliocentric (model that the sun lies at the center of mass) system.

- Put forth the theory the sun revolves around the sun

Francis Bacon 1561, Britain

-He served as an attorney general

-He served as Lord Chancellor of England

Galileo Galilei 1564, Italy

-Discovered the concept of inentia (propety of matter)

-Discovered the laws of free fall (Force= Mass times Acceleration)

Johannes Kepler 1571, Germany

- He discovered that plants move faster when closer the the sun

- developed a novel for the behavior of light, and how light occurs

William Harvey 1578, England

-He was the first person to correctly describe blood's circulation in the body

-Taught people that arteries and veins form a complete circuit

Rene Descartes 1596, France

- Invented analytical (coordinate) geometry

-Introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method

Robert Boyle 1627, Ireland

-He invented the vacuum pump

-Discovered that air was necessary for burning

Isaac Newton 1643, United Kingdom

-Invented calculus

-Provided a clear understanding of optics (behavior of light)

Maria Sybilla Merian 1667, Germany

- Documented the life's cycles of 186 insect species.

-She ran the only all-female scientific illustration workshop in Europe

Sophie Germain 1776, France

-She won an award from the Paris Academy of Sciences for her work on elasticity

-Published two philosophical papers

analytical geometry

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Nicolaus Copernicus, 2/19/1473, Torun Poland

Created the heliocentric theory, which was the discovery that the sun was at the center of the universe instead of Earth.

Francis Bacon, 1/22/1561, York House Strand

Created the scientific method. The scientific method is the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation.

Helped create the plate tectonic theory, which is a theory on how massive land forms form due to the moving of subterranean earth

Galileo Galilei, 2/15/1564, Pisa,Italy

Galileo is most known for him creating an improved telescope which helped him be the first to report observations of mountains on the moon, the moons of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and the rings of Saturn

Made an early microscope which was made of a little telescope with two of the same lenses, a bi-convex objective and a bi-concave eye-piece

Johannes Kepler, 12/27/1571, Weil der Stadt,Germany

Kepler made the three laws of planetary motion which was which was that the planets moved around the sun in epileptic paths

Kepler also discovered that planets move proportionally faster the closer they are to the sun

William Harvey, 4/1/1578, Folkestone,UK

Harvey isolated parts of the heart in order to discover that the valves in the heart only move in one direction

Harvey also correctly described the bodies circulation which is that the veins and arteries form a complete circulation.

Rene Descartes, 3/31/1596, Descartes France

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Nicolaus Copernicus: 1473, Poland, 1: proposed a heliocentric system, which is the idea that planets orbit around the Sun. 2: Earth spins on its axis once daily.

Francis Bacon: 1561, United Kingdom, 1: founder of empiricism or the scientific method, which is the idea that knowledge comes from careful observation and reasoning 2: testing hypotheses by experimenting.

Galileo Galilei: 1564, Italy, 1: reported telescopic observations of mountains on moons and traits of other planets. 2: laws of free fall, which is gravity.

Johannes Kepler: 1571, Germany, 1: 3 laws of planetary motion which are laws that state planets orbit in ellipses, not circles 2: developed an explanation for the behavior of light in a telescope.

William Harvey: 1578, United Kingdom, 1: first person to correctly describe blood’s circulation in the human body. 2: the body has only a one-way flow of blood.

René Descartes: 1596, France, 1: invented analytical geometry which is a form of math where algebraic symbols are used to solve geometrical problems. 2: introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method which is questioning before accepting.

Margaret Cavendish: 1623, United Kingdom, 1: one of the most prolific female authors and philosophers of the 17th century. 2: published under her own name on subjects like natural philosophy and gender. Natural philosophy is physical science.

Robert Boyle: 1627, Ireland, 1: discovered that the volume of gas decreases with increasing pressure 2: discovered oxygen element which is one of the gas elements on the periodic table of elements.

Isaac Newton: 1643, United Kingdom, 1: principles of light and laws of motion which were rules on gravity and motion of an object 2: discovered calculus which is the mathematical study of change.

Mary Somerville: 1780, United Kingdom, 1: discovered the planet Neptune 2: first female member of the royal astronomical society which is an exclusive club for growing scientists at a time when women in science were discouraged.

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-Nicolaus Copernicus, February 19th, 1473, Torun Poland

-Made the theory that the sun is at the center of the universe.

-Published “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium”

-Francis Bacon, January 22, 1561, London England

-Francis Bacon created the Scientific Method, also known as the Bacon Method.

-played an indirect role in the contribution to plate tectonic theory and solid Earth geophysics

-Galileo Galilei, February 15, 1564, Pisa Italy

-discovered the laws of free fall, projectile motion, and the concept of inertia

-identified mountains on the moon, the moons of Jupiter, and the rings of Saturn.

-Johannes Kepler December 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Germany

-discovered that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun

-invented the first powerful telescope

-William Harvey, April 1st, 1578, Folkstone, Kent, England

-the first person to correctly describe blood circulation in the body

-Wrote a book called Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus contains a mature account of the circulation of the blood.

-Rene Descartes, March 30th, 1596, Descartes France

-invented analytic geometry

-devised a universal method of deductive reasoning, based on mathematics

-Margaret Cavendish, 1623, Colchester, UK

-publishing extensively under her own name on subjects such as natural philosophy and gender.

-became the first woman to attend a meeting of the Royal Society

-Robert Boyle, January 5th, 1627, Lismore, Ireland

-Invented the vacuum pump, discovered that air was necessary for burning, and founded the Royal Society.

-he believed that all matter was made of tiny corpuscles, which we now call atoms. This was an early form of atomic theory.

-Isacc Newton, January 4th, 1643, Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, a hamlet in the county of Lincolnshire.

-invented calculus and provided a clear understanding of optics

-developed a universal law of gravitation and his laws of motion

-Emilie du Châtelet, December 17th 1706, Paris, France

-translated Isaac Newton's Principia into French

-fought for her right as a woman to discuss with men about ideas of math and science.

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Nicolaus Copernicus was born on February 19, 1473, in Torun, Poland.

Created the heliocentric theory, where the sun is at the center of the solar system, not the Earth.

Proposed a new calendar called the "Copernicus Calendar" where there were 365.25 days in a year, very close to the Gregorian Calendar we use today.

Francis Bacon was born on January 22, 1561, in York House, Strand.

He created the Scientific Method, a specific, scientific procedure used to establish facts through testing and experiments.

He created a book called the "Instauratio Magna" where he proposed dividing science into three categories: history, poetry, and philosophy.

Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564, in Pisa, Italy.

Created the law of free fall where if air resistance was absent, everything falls with the same acceleration, regardless of mass.

Created the concept of inertia, the tendency of objects in motion to stay in motion, and objects at rest to stay at rest.

Johannes Kepler was born on December 27, 1571 in Weil der Stadt, Germany.

He used simple mathematics to create the three laws of planetary motion.

Invented the Keplarian telescope, a telescope that allowed viewers to see a much larger field of view.

William Harvey was born on April 1, 1578, in Folkestone, United Kingdom.

The first person to accurately describe blood flow in the body.

Discovered the presence of valves in the human body.

Rene Descartes was born on March 31, 1596, in Descartes, France.

Created analytical geometry, the study of geometry using the coordinate system.

Created deductive reasoning: A logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions.

Robert Boyle was born on January 25, 1627, in Lismore, Ireland.

Created the famous Boyle's Law which states that the volume of gas decreases with increasing pressure and vice versa.

Created the corpuscular structure, where depending on how individual particles arrange themselves, the substance containing those particles has different qualities.

Caroline Herschel was born on March 16, 1750, in Hanover, Germany.

She built a 12-meter-long reflector, the largest telescope of its day.

The first woman to discover a comet.

Sophie Germain was born on April 1, 1776, in Rue Saint-Denis, Paris, France.

The first mathematician to create a cohesive plan proving Fermat's last theorem.

Pioneered the elasticity theory, a mathematical model of how solid objects deform.

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Carlos M. - Scientific Revolution Timeline

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Carlos M. - Scientific Revolution Timeline

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Nicolaus Copernicus

Born In Poland; Feb. 19th, 1473

- Discovered that the Solar System is a Heliocentric System; Meaning that the Earth (which rotates around it's axis daily) rotates around the sun.

- Proposed the idea that the sun is near the center of the universe.

Francis Bacon

Born In England; January 22nd, 1561

- Francis Bacon created the Scientific Method; which is a method of testing & solving hypothesis.

- Bacon contributed to the Plate Tectonic Theory; which is a scientific theory that states that the Earth's crust is made up of large Tectonic Plates.

Galileo Galilei

Born in Italy; February 15th, 1564

- Discovered an early version of Inertia, which is a scientific concept that states that an object stays in motion, or in rest, unless acted upon an outside force. (Would later be solidified by Isaac Newton)

- Galileo invented an Improved Telescope, which helped him discover Jupiter's moons, Saturn's Rings, and more.

Johannes Kepler

Born in Germany; December 27th, 1571

- Kepler used math to formulate the Three Laws of Planetary Motion. In other words, he discovered how planets move around the sun.

- Created a New & Correct account of how vision occurs.

William Harvey

Born in England; April 1st, 1578

- First person to accuratley describe the blood's curculation in the body.

- William Harvey cut open live animals to study Anatomy

René Descartes

Born in France; March 31st, 1596

- Descartes invented Analytical Geometry; which is a branch of Geometry where any shape on a plane can be located with numbers called coordinates.

- Descartes is regarded as one of the best Philosophers in history.

Robert Boyle

Born in Ireland; January 25th, 1627

- Boyle invented the Vaccuum pump, simultaneously discovering that oxygen is needed for burning.

- Boyle believed that all matter was made up of tiny corpuscles; which was an early version of Atomic Theory

Isaac Newton

Born in England; January 4th, 1643

- Discovered the Three Laws of Motion; These Being The Law of Inertia, The Law of Acceleration (Force = Mass x Acceleration), and The Law of Action & Reaction (When an object exerts force on another object, the second object gives equal & opposite force on the other)

- Isaac Newton discovered the laws of Gravity, he figured that gravity wasn't something that was just apparent just on Earth; but throughout the universe. This was apparently sparked by seeing an apple fall in his mother's garden.

Caroline Herschel

Born in Germany; March 16th, 1750

- Caroline Herschel was the first ever woman to discover a Comet, finding seven more in the next eleven years.

- Herschel built a 12 meter long reflector, which was the biggest Telescope ever built at the time.

Sophie Germain

Born in France; April 1st, 1776

- Germain pioneered Elasticity Theory, which is the theory that states that object deform based on the conditions they are in.

- Sophie's work on Fermats Last Theorem led her to discover something on prime numbers. In number theory, a prime number is a Sophie Germain Prime if 2p + 1 (p being the prime number) is still a prime number.

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Nicolaus Copernicous, Feb 19th 1473, Poland, formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center (heliocentric system)... proposed that the Earth turns once daily on its own axis.

Francis Bacon, January 22nd 1561, Strand, theorized that scientific knowledge must come from the careful observation of nature filtered through inductive reasoning... the four idols distinguished by Francis Bacon are the idols of the tribe, den, market, and theater.

Galileo Galilei, Feb 15th 1564, Italy, first to report telescopic observations of a lot of things in space... from the mountains on the moon, to the moons of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and the rings of Saturn.

Johannes Kepler, Dec 27th 1571, Germany, the three laws of planetary motion... the first law states that planets orbit in ellipses, not in circles, as was the common belief at the time... the second was that the imaginary line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas of space during equal time intervals as the planet orbits.

William Harvey, April 1 1578, United Kingdom, the first to recognize the full circulation of the blood in the human body... supported his hypothesis with experiments and arguments.

René Descartes, March 31st 1596, France, invented analytic geometry, a method of solving geometric problems algebraically and algebraic problems geometrically... devised a universal method of deductive reasoning, based on mathematics, that is applicable to all the sciences.

Robert Boyle, Jan 25th 1627, Ireland, the Boyle's law, that the volume of a gas decreases with increasing pressure and vice versa... known as the father of modern chemistry.

Isaac Newton, Jan 4th 1643, England, the theory of universal gravitation... bodies with mass attract each other with a force that varies directly as the product of their masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them... the nature of white light, clear white light was composed of seven visible colors.

Caroline Herschel, March 16th 1750, Germany, the discoveries of several comets, including the periodic comet 35P/Herschel–Rigollet... discovered Uranus and Caroline added 560 stars to the catalogue and produced a new catalogue of nearly 2,500 nebulae.

Sophie Germain, April 1 1776, France, one particular theorem that aimed at proving the first case of Fermats Last Theorem... Sophie Germain's publications on the theory of elasticity were instrumental in the building of the Eiffel Tower.

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Nicolas Copernicus, Feburary 19, 1473, Torun, Poland

Heliocentric theory... Planets orbit the sun

sun, planets, and the moon moving in small circles around larger circles, around Earth.

Francis Bacon, January 22, 1561, York House, Strand

promoted and advanced the scientific method

Was a politician

Galileo Galilei, February 15, 1564, Pisa, Italy

He discovered the law of free fall…an object is moving only because of gravity

He discovered the concept of inertia….tendency of objects in motion to stay in motion

Johannes Kepler, December 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Germany

Used math to form three laws in planetary motion. The first law was that planets move in circle paths around the sun

The second law was that planets move faster in their orbits when they are closer to the sun compared to further

William Harvey, April 1, 1578, England

Blood flows to the heart

Blood flows in one direction through veins

Rene Descartes, March 31, 1596, Descartes, France

invented analytic geometry

Introduced the concept of dualism… reality and existence have two parts and aren´t one.

Margaret Cavendish, 1623, Colchester, United Kingdom

Philosopher…her writings had a lot to do with natural philosophy

Promoted and popularized important ideas of the scientific revolution; natural philosophies being one

Robert Boyle, 1627, England

The volume of gas decreases with increasing pressure

The volume of gas increases with decreasing pressure

Isaac Newton, January 4, 1643, United Kingdom

Invented reflecting telescope

Discovered calculus

Caroline Herschel, March 16, 1750, Hanover, Germany

built a 12-meter-long reflector, the largest telescope of its time

Was the first woman to discover a comet and found seven more in the years to come

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Jane Hunefeld- Scientific Revolution Timeline. 

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Jane Hunefeld- Scientific Revolution Timeline. 

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Nicolaus Copernicus, February 19, 1473, Poland

Discovered that the sun was teh center of the universe

created a system for calculating the movement of planets

Francis Bacon, January 22, 1561, United Kingdom

discovered the scientific method

he was the attorney general and lord chancellor of England

Galileo Galilei, February 15, 1564, Italy

He created his own telescope, after hearing about telescopes created elsewhere

He discovered that the surface of the moon was rough, rather than smooth.

Johannes Kepler, December 27, 1571, Germany

He discovered many new semi regular polygons

He began to describe the way that vision worked

William Harvey, April 1, 1578, England

Blood has a one way flow throughout the body

Blood starts and ends in the heart.

Rene Descartes, March 31, 1596, France

Added the step of skepticism to the scientific method

He discovered how to plot points on the Cartesian plane

Issac Newton, January 4, 1643, England

He replaced the lenses in telescopes with mirrors, resulting in a clearer imaging in telescopes.

He used a prism to discover that sunlight was made of all of the colors of the rainbow.

Robert Boyle, January 25,1627 Ireland

He discovered that sound does not travel in a vacuum.

He came up with the law that connected the volume of a gas to its pressure.

Emilie Du Chatelet, December 17, 1706, France

She came up with the idea that light and heat were the same thing

She translated and commeneted on, " Principa Mathematica" by Isaac Newton.

Caroline Herschel, March 16, 1750

She discovered three new nebulae, clouds of dust and gas in space.

She discovered a comet ( C/1786 P1)

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Nicolaus Copernicus, born in 1473 in Poland

Put forth the theory that the sun is at rest near the center of the universe

The Earth spins on its axis once a day and revolves around the sun once a year

Francis Bacon, born in 1561 in England

Created the scientific method, a method of procedure that has characterized natural science, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, experiment, formulation, testing, modification, hypothesis

Served as attorney general and Lord Chancellor of England

Galileo Galilei, born in 1564 in Italy

Discovered the laws of free fall, projectile motion, and the concept of inertia

Invented an improved telescope that allowed him to observe and describe the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, and the phases of Venus

Johannes Kepler, born in 1571 in Germany

Formed three laws of planetary motion: (1) planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun, (2) a planet covers the same amount of space in the same amount of time no matter where it is in its orbit, (3) a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit

Provided a new account of how vision occurs

William Harvey, born in 1578 in England

First person to correctly describe blood’s circulation in the body

Used a combination of experimentation, comparative anatomy, and calculation to arrive to his conclusions

Rene Descartes, born in 1596 in France

Invented analytical geometry, a branch of algebra

Introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method

Margaret Cavendish, born in 1623 in the United Kingdom

One of the most prolific female authors

An important natural philosopher of the 17th century

Robert Boyle, born in 1627 in Ireland

Invented the vacuum pump, which allowed for the investigation of respiration, disease, combustion, sound, and air pressure

Discovered that air was necessary for burning

Isaac Newton, born in 1643 in England

Invented the reflecting telescope, using mirrors to see far-away objects in space clearly

Discovered calculus and used it to explain how planets moved

Emilie du Châtelet, born in 1706 in France

Translated Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica

Commented on Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica

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Nicolaus Copernicus: Feb 19, 1473, Poland.

Proposed a heliocentric system, that the planets revolve around the sun, and that the Earth also turns once daily on its own axis.

He also had developed a system to calculate and predict planetary movements.

Francis Bacon: Jan 22, 1561, England.

He had created the scientific method.

He had served as attorney general.

Galileo Galilei: Fed 15, 1564, Italy.

He had discovered that the Moon’s surface was not smooth, and was in fact rough with mountains and craters.

He also had constructed his own pendulum clock.

Johannes Kepler: Dec 27, 1571, Germany.

Created the 3 laws of planetary motion. They describe how planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun as a center of focus, how a planet covers the same area of space in the same amount of time no matter where it is in its orbit, and how a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit.

He also discovered that the path of light in the eye made it possible for central visual acuity, visual field, dark adaptation, and errors in refraction.

William Harvey: April 1, 1578, United Kingdom.

He recognized that the blood flows rapidly around the human body.

Blood is pumped through a single system of arteries and veins.

Rene Descartes: March 31, 1596.

Invented analytical geometry in which the position of the point on the plane can be located by using a pair of points called coordinates.

Introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method.

Robert Boyle: Jan 25, 1627, Ireland.

He invented the vacuum pump.

He had discovered that air (Oxygen) was necessary for burning.

Isaac Newton: Jan 4, 1643, England.

He had developed the 3 laws of motion. The first law, an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it. The second law states that the force of an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration. In the third law, when 2 objects interact, they apply forces to each of equal magnitude and opposite direction.

He also discovered calculus in 1655.

Emilie du Châtelet: Dec 17, 1706, France. Translated Isaac Newton’s Principia Mathematica. Commented Issac Newton’s Principia Mathematica.

Caroline Herschel: March 16, 1750, Germany.

Built a 12 meter long reflector, which is the longest telescope of its day.

First woman to discover a comet.

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Nicolaus Copernicus (2/19/1473 - 5/24/1543)

He was an astronomer who proposed the idea that the planets revolve around the sun, rather than vice-versa.

Helped discover that the value of money is directly proportional to the amount of money the economy supplies, and how accessible goods are.

Francis Bacon (1/22/1561 - 4/9/1626)

Believed that knowledge is power, and wrote many literary works about power.

He came up with the idea that knowledge is achieved through careful observation of nature filtered through inductive reasoning.

Galileo Galilei (2/15/1564 - 1/8/1642)

Invented the telescope. Created the first telescope by himself.

Studied craters on the moon, and Jupiter's different moons.

Johannes Kepler (12/27/1571 - 11/15/1630)

He was known for his discoveries of planetary motion. Planetary Motion is the idea that planets don’t orbit in a straight circle, but rather in an ellipsis.

He also discovered the idea that planets move faster around the sun the closer they are in proportion to the sun.

William Harvey (4/1/1578 - 6/3/1657)

The first person to discover how blood circulates the human body.

Found the difference between veins and arteries, and connected their route back to the heart.

Rene Descartes (5/31/1596 - 2/11/1650

He was best known for discovering or creating analytic geometry.

He was able to theorize Cartesian dualism, a theory that said that the mind and body are separate.

Isaac Newton (1/4/1643 - 5/31/1727)

Considered one of the best scientists in history, most well known for an apple falling on his head, and then him coming up with the 3 laws of force and motion

Contributed to advancing knowledge in the principles of light, not just physics.

Robert Boyle (1/25/1627 - 12/31/1691)

Known for his creation of Boyle’s Law, which describes the relationship between gas pressure and volume.

Also was well known for his way of conducting experiments and his procedure is still used today.

Sophie Germain (4/1/1776 - 6/27/1831)

She was able to prove the first case of Ferment's Last Theorem.

She was able to prove some of the hardest theorems without basic formal training by anyone.

Mary Somerville (12/26/1780 - 11/29/1872)

She published 5 books, her first book being written when she was 51, and her last written when she was 88.

The first elected female as an Honorary member of the Royal Astronomical Society.

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Nicolaus Copernicus - Feb. 19, 1473

Poland

The heliocentric system…The idea that everything revolves around the sun instead of the earth.

Published the book “De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” on his heliocentric theory

Francis Bacon - January 22, 1561

Strand

Created the scientific method….an empirical method for acquiring knowledge

He served as chancellor of England.

Galileo Galilei- February 15, 1564

Italy

Discovered that there were craters and mountains on the moon

Discovered the phases of Venus

Johannes Kepler- December 27, 1571

Formulated 3 laws of planetary motion

He discovered that planets move faster when they are closer to the sun

William Harvey - April 1, 1573

United Kingdom

The first person to correctly describe blood circulation in the human body

He identified the difference of arteries and veins

Rene Descartes - March 31, 1596

France

Invented analytical geometry

Introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method

Robert Boyle - January 25, 1627

Ireland

Discovered that the volume of gas increases with the pressure

He improved Guericke’s air pump

Isaac Newton - January 4, 1643

United Kingdom

Discovered calculus

Devised law of universal gravitation

Sophie Germain - April 1, 1776

France

Pioneer of the elasticity theory

The discovery of Sophie Germain’s primes…a prime number is a Sophie Germain prime if  2p +1 is also prime.

Mary Somerville - December 26, 1780

United Kingdom

She was one of the first female members of the Royal Astronomical Society.

She translated the "Mécanique Céleste" of Laplace.

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Nicolaus Copernicus, 02/19/1473, Poland

Proposed the heliocentric system, a theory that the sun is near the center of the universe and the Earth revolves around the sun, spinning on its axis once daily.

Developed a system for calculating and predicting planetary motions based on the heliocentric model. Planets move in perfect circles around the sun with unique distances.

Francis Bacon, 01/22/1561, Strand

Created the scientific method (bacon method), 1.) scientist must start with a set of unprejudiced observations 2.) observations lead to correct generalizations or axioms 3.) test of a correct axiom is that it leads to new discoveries

Published the book “Of Proficience and Advancement of Learning Divine and Human” in 1605, considered to be the stepping stone in partitions of the sciences

Galileo Galilei, 02/15/1564, Italy

Discovered mountains on the moon, Jupiter’s moons, phases of Venus, and Saturn’s rings from telescopic observations

Calculated the law of free fall, when air resistance is absent, all bodies fall with the same acceleration, independent from their mass. The distance traveled by a falling object is proportional to the square of how long it took to fall.

Johannes Kepler, 12/27/1571, Germany

Formulated 3 laws of planetary motion. 1.) planets move in oval-like paths around the sun 2.) planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when closer to the sun. 3.) relationship between distance of planet from sun and the time it took to orbit the sun

Discovered new, correct explanation of how vision occurs. Path of light in the eye lead to law stating that the intensity of light decreases with the square of distance

William Harvey, 04/01/1578, UK

Discovered how blood circulates in the body. Arteries and veins form a complete circuit starting at the heart and leading back into the heart.

Studied reproduction in animals, the role of sperm and menstrual blood in formation of embryos. Oviparous reproduction = embryonic development occurs within eggs hatched outside the mother’s body, viviparous reproduction = embryonic development occurs within the mother’s body

Rene Descartes, 03/31/1596, France

Wrote “Discourse on the Method”, the first of a series which became the foundation of Cartesianism, a way of thinking that accepts dualisms; mind/body, good/evil.

Combined algebra and geometry, making analytical geometry, and championed its basics.

Robert Boyle, 01/25/1627, Ireland

Considered first modern chemist

Boyle’s Law - volume of gas is inversely proportional to pressure exerted by the gas, when at a fixed temperature

Air pump experiment - designed by robert boyle, it created and sustained a vacuum used to perform experiments related to respiration, disease, combustion, sound, and air pressure.

Isaac Newton, 01/04/1643, UK

Invented the reflecting telescope which used mirrors instead of lenses, solving the main issues of the refracting telescope.

Proposed new theory of light and color, sunlight is comprised of all the colors in the rainbow which can be separated and recombined into white light

Caroline Herschel, 03/16/1750, Germany

First woman to discover a comet( now Comet C/1786 P1 ), discovered 8 comets by 1797

Detected 3 new nebulae (gas clouds) in 1783 by telescope

First paid female astronomer

Discovered Uranus alongside her brother WIlliam.

Sophie Germain, 04/01/1776, France

Sophie Germain Prime - an odd number p that is itself prime, making 2p+1 also prime.

Proved Fermat’s Last Theorem - for p=3, auxiliary primes 7 and 13 were the only ones that worked

She formed the Theory of Elastic Surfaces when publishing an essay

Ecole Polytechnique, a prestigious institution, opened up and Sophie used the name of a former student to hide her identity as a woman and eventually had Joseph Louis Legrange, discoverer of Legrange Points, as a mentor

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Nicolaus Copernicus, 1473, Poland, 1.

He discovered a Heliocentric system, that all planets rotated around the sun, not the earth.

He discovered that the earth also spins while rotating around the sun.

Francis Bacon, 1561, England, 2.

He created the famous scientific method, where you ask a question, start researching, make a guess on what will happen, test with an experiment, document your results, and report the data.

He made a theory that the western hemisphere once joined up with eurasia, predating the discovery of the moving tectonic plates.

Galileo Galilei, 1564, Italy 3.

He created an improved telescope, allowing him to see the planets in better detail.

He discovered that the speed of a falling object is not proportional to weight.

Johannes Kepler, 1571, Germany, 4.

He discovered that planets move in an oval path around the sun.

He discovered that the time it takes a planet to orbit the sun is proportional to how far it is from the sun.

William Harvey, 1573, England 5.

He discovered that the heart was the blood pumper of the body, not the liver.

He discovered that blood can only flow in a single direction and forms a circuit.

Rene Descartes, 1596, France, 6.

He discovered how to plot points on a two dimensional coordinate plane.

He created mathematical variables.

Robert Boyle, 1627, Ireland, 7.

He created an early form on atomic theory, theorizing that the field is made up of tiny organisms.

He discovered that for fire to exist, air needed to exist.

Isaac Newton, 1643, England, 8.

Issac Newton created the laws of Gravity and Motion, which explains how an object is going to react when something interacts with it.

He proposed that Light comes in seven colors, red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and purple

Maria Sybilla Merian, 1647, Germany, 9.

She documented the life cycles of several insect species

She discovered several new types of plants, insects, and animals in south america herself

Emilie du Châtelet, 1706, France, 10.

She advanced Issac Newton's fundamental laws of gravity and motion with new principles

She proposed that different colors of light had different heating powers

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Nicolaus Copernicus - 02/19/1473, Poland

proposed the heliocentric- theory that the sun is in the center of the universe

proposed that the earth rotated on its axis: helping further knowledge of astronomy

Francis Bacon - 01/22/1561, London

Established scientific method, the method used most often when doing experiments

Pushed science in the political world

Galileo Galilei - 02/15/1564, Italy

discovered the laws of free fall- without air pushing back, bodies all fall with the same acceleration rate (independent of their mass)

discovered projectile motion- when an object is thrown or projected into the air, subject to only the acceleration of gravity

Johannes Kepler - 12/27/1571, Germany

3 laws of planetary motion- used simple math to formulate these

1. planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun as a focus
2. a planet covers the same area of space in the same amount of time no matter where in its orbit
3. a planet's orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit

provided a new and correct account of how vision occurs- he analyzed the path of light through the eye

William Harvey - 04/01/1578, England

discovered blood flows to the heart

also discovered blood flows one way in a circle

Rene Descartes - 03/31/1596, France

created and spread analytic geometry: solving algebraic equations using geometry and geometric problems using algebra

deductive reasoning: 4 rules applicable to all math and science

Robert Boyle - 01/25/1627, Ireland

created boyle’s law - inverse relationship between pressure and volume

discovered that matter is made up of tiny particles that he called corpuscles (or atoms)

Isaac Newton - 01/04/1643, England

declared that an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it

believed force = mass times acceleration

Caroline Herschel - 03/16/1750, Germany

discovered a comet

discovered three nebulae

Sophie Germain - 04/01/1776, France

elasticity work: won an award from the paris academy of sciences

publisher of 2 philosophical papers: on mathematical theory of elastic surfaces

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Nicolaus Copernicus- was born on February 19, 1473 in Poland

proposed the heliocentric- theory that the sun is in the center of the universe

proposed that the earth rotated on its axis: helping further knowledge of astronomy

Francis Bacon- was born on Jan 22, 1561, in Dublin, Ireland

Establish the Scientific Method, the most important method used most often when doing experiments

Known as the father if the idea that knowledge comes from the senses, and scientific knowledge must come from careful observation of nature.

Galileo Galilei- Was born on Feb 15, 1564 in Italy

discovered the laws of free fall- without air pushing back, bodies all fall with the same acceleration rate (independent of their mass)

discovered projectile motion- when an object is thrown or projected into the air, subject to only the acceleration of gravity

Johannes Kepler- was born on Dec 27, 1571 in Germany

laws of planetary motion- used simple math to formulate these

1. planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun as a focus
2. a planet covers the same area of space in the same amount of time no matter where in its orbit
3. a planet's orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit

provided a new and correct account of how vision occurs- he analyzed the path of light through the eye

William Harvey- was born on April 1, 1578, in Folkestone, United Kingdom

Discovered the understanding of blood and the circulation in the body.

He was the first person to correctly identify blood circulation through the body and showed that arteries and veins form a complete circuit that leads back to the heart

The bodies valves

Rene Descartes- was born on March 31st, 1596 in Touraine, France.

Created and spread analytic geometry: solving algebraic equations using geometry and geometric problems using algebra

Deductive reasoning: 4 rules applicable to all math and science

Robert Boyle- was born on January 25, 1627 in Ireland

Boyles Law- Inverse relationship between pressure and volume

Contributed to the development of the Atomic Theory by discovering corpuscles- now known today as atoms.

Isaac Newton-  was born on Jan 4, 1643, in Woolsthorpe, England

3 laws of motion

The object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it

The force of an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration

When two objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction

Invented calculus and a better understanding of optics

Caroline Herschel- was born on March 16, 1750 in Germany

Discovered a comet

Discovered three nebulae

Sophia Germain- was born on April 1, 1776 in Paris, France

Publisher of 2 philosophical papers: on the mathematical theory of elastic surfaces

Proven number theory- a theory that helped prove Fermat's last theorem for the case where n equals 5.

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Nicolaus Copernicus- 1473 Poland

put forth the theory that the Sun is at rest near the center of the Universe

that the Earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the Sun.

Johannes Kepler- 1571 Holy Roman Empire

stated that planets move in elliptical paths around the Sun.

discovered that planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun

Galileo Galilei- 1564  Italy

invented an improved telescope

described the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, the phases of Venus, sunspots and the rugged lunar surface.

Isaac Newton- 1642 England

invented calculus and provided a clear understanding of optics.

described how objects move at the same velocity unless an outside force acts upon them.

William Harvey- 1578 England

first person to correctly describe blood’s circulation in the body.

showed that arteries and veins form a complete circuit that starts at the heart and leads back to the heart.

Robert Boyle- 1627 Ireland

invented the vacuum pump

discovered that air was necessary for burning

Francis Bacon- 1561 England

created the Scientific Method

played an indirect role in the contribution to plate tectonic theory and solid Earth geophysics

Rene Descartes- 1596 France

developed rules for deductive reasoning

developed a system for using letters as mathematical variables

Margaret Cavendish- 1623 England

writing at a time of immense political upheaval

Publishing extensively under her own name on subjects such as natural philosophy and gender

Mary Somerville- 1780 Italy

First women members of the Royal Astronomical Society

a Scottish science writer and polymath, at a time when women's participation in science was discouraged.

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Nicolaus Copernicus

February 19th 1473, Poland

Argued for the Earth’s rotation on its axis

Developed a system for calculating and predicting planetary motions

Francis Bacon

January 22nd 1561 England

Famous writer who wrote on a variety of subjects

Developed a scientific method based on evidence, results and a methodical approach to science3.

Galileo Galilei

February 15th 1564 Italy

Studied the sky with a telescope and discovered moons and stars

Developed laws of motion

Johannes Kepler

December 27th 1571 Germany

Discovered elliptical orbits

Helped advance astronomical instruments

William Harvey

April 1st 1578 England

Changed the study of the human body and physiology

Studied circulation of blood

Rene Descartes

March 31st 1596 France

Started cartesian geometry, which incorporates algebra

Outlined his views on the Universe in a book

Margaret Cavendish

January 1st 1623 England

One of the first women to write using her own name

First woman to be invited to visit the Royal Society

Isaac Newton

January 4th 1643 England

Discovered calculus

Developed 3 laws of motion

Robert Boyle

January 25th 1647 Ireland

Founder of modern chemistry

He had a lifelong pursuit of transmutational alchemy

Emilie du Châtelet

December 17th 1706 France

French mathematician and physicist

Translated Newton’s principles

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Nicolaus Copernicus (February 19, 1473, Poland):

Discovered the Heliocentric theory that the sun rests at the center of the universe.

Described that Earth spins on its axis once daily and revolves around the Sun each year.

Discovered that the seasons, sunrises and sunsets, and the movement and placement of stars were all due to the sun's movement.

William Harvey (April 1, 1578, England):

Proved that blood flows only in the direction of the heart.

Demonstrated that the body's valves in the veins maintain one-way flow.

Galileo Galilei (February 15, 1564, Pisa, Italy):

Discovered the laws of free fall, projectile motion, and the concept of inertia.

Invented an improved telescope, which helped him and other astronomers observe and study the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, and the phases of Venus.

Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571, Weil der Stadt, Württemberg):

Formulated three laws of planetary motion. a. Planets move in elliptical paths around the Sun. b. Planets move proportionally faster in their orbits when they are closer to the Sun. c. Kepler's Third Law explains the relationship between the distance of a planet from the Sun and the time it takes to orbit the Sun.

Invented the Keplerian telescope.

Francis Bacon (January 22, 1561, York House, Strand):

Served as attorney general and Lord Chancellor of England.

Created the theory that science is discovered through the observation of nature.

René Descartes (March 31, 1596, Descartes, France):

Invented a new form of geometry.

Proposed the idea of solving algebraic equations geometrically and geometric equations algebraically.

Margaret Cavendish (1623, Colchester, United Kingdom):

Helped popularize atomism, the idea that the world is made up of minute particles.

Contributed to the spread of Mechanism, which believes that natural wholes, especially living things, are similar to complicated machines or artifacts, composed of parts lacking any intrinsic relationship to each other.

Robert Boyle (January 25, 1627, Ireland):

Discovered that the volume of a gas decreases with increasing pressure.

Designed and improved an air pump capable of creating and sustaining a vacuum.

Isaac Newton (January 4, 1643, England):

Formulated the three laws of motion. a. An object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it (Newton's First Law). b. The force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration (Newton's Second Law). c. When two objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction (Newton's Third Law).

Invented calculus, the mathematical study of change.

Caroline Herschel (March 16, 1750, Hannover, Germany):

Built a 12-meter-long reflector, the biggest and longest telescope of her time.

Discovered a comet and three nebulas.

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Nicolaus Copernicus, 02/19/1473, Poland

Heliocentrism - the sun is the center of the solar system and the Earth revolves around it

Argued that Earth rotated on its axis

Francis Bacon, 01/22/1561, United Kingdom

Created the scientific method

Contributed to the developed of plate tectonic theory

Galileo Galilei, 02/15/1564, Italy

Proved Aristotle’s established ideas wrong - the speed at which heavy objects fall is not proportional to their weight

Discovered that the surface of the moon was uneven and rough, not smooth

Johannes Kepler, 12/27/1571, Germany

Three laws of planetary motion - first law: planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun; second law: planets cover the same area of space, no matter where; third law: a planet’s orbit is proportional to orbit size

Invented Keplerian telescope - a telescope that used a convex lens which allowed for a larger field of view which gave better eye relief

William Harvey, 04/01/1578, United Kingdom

Discovered that blood circulated around the human body

Discovered that valves in the body flow in one way

Rene Descartes 03/31/1596, France

Invented analytic geometry - mathematical subject in which algebraic symbolism and methods are used to represent and solve problems in geometry

Played a significant role in the advancement of contemporary physics

Robert Boyle, 01/25/1627, Ireland

Boyle’s law - when gas is kept at constant pressure, its volume will decrease when pressure will increase or vice versa

Wrote Disquisition about the Final Causes of Natural Things - natural philosophy is enough to know the existence of God

Isaac Newton, 01/04/1643, United Kingdom

Three laws of motion - 1. A body stays in a state of uniform motion unless compelled to change by another force 2. Change in motion is proportional to the force impressed on it 3. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Developed calculus - advanced math dealing with mainly determining the space within curved lines/surfaces

Sophie Germain, 04/01/1776, France

Pioneer of the elasticity theory - a solid body is considered to be in static equilibrium under the quasi-static (or gradual) action of an external force

Helped prove Fermat's Last Theorem - no 3 positive integers a, b, and c satisfy the equation an + bn = cn for any integer value of n greater than 2

Mary Somerville, 12/26/1780, United Kingdom

published five solutions in Volumes 3 and 4 of the Mathematical Repository

One of the first women members of the Royal Astronomical Society - learned society and charity that encourages and promotes the study of astronomy, solar-system science, geophysics and closely related branches of science

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. Nicolaus Copernicus, Febuary 19 1473, Poland

.Theory that the sun rests at the center of the universe

.Earth spins on its axis once a day and revolves around the sun in a year

.Francis Bacon, January 22 1561, York House strand

.Attorney General of England

.Theory that science was discovered through discovering nature

.Gailileo Galilei, Febuary 15 1564, Pisa Italy

.Invented a better telescope

.Discovered some scientific laws

.Johannes Kepler, December 27 1571, Germany

.Laws of planetary motion

.New vision theory

.William Harvey, April 1 1578, England

.Accurate description of blood circulation

.Anatomy discoveries

.Rene Descartes, March 31 1596, Sweden

.Invented a branch of algebra

.Skepticism as part of the scientific method

.Margaret Cavendish,1623,Untied Kingdom

.Noteable female author

.Natural philosepher

.Robert Boyle,January 25 1627,United Kingdom

.Invented vacuum pump

.Discovered that air was needed for burning

.Isaac Newton, January 4 1643, England

.Developed first three laws of motion

.Invented calculus

Caroline Herschel,March 16 1750,Germany

.First woman to discover a comet

.Made biggest telescope of her time