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collaboration is crucial in ideas forming

revising ideas with other people can form new and better ideas

other people can inspire others and they work better together

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Historical exceptions of writing/reading/literacy

Calls for change → new models of writing, new curriculum, new pedagogy

Age of Composition (writing is happening everywhere)

Social media, personal computer

More variety of writing and writers

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There is no such thing as an “elegant first draft” - there will be many changes made to a piece of writing over time in order to get it to its final stage

Sloppy first drafts are the key to incredible final drafts

Compares the process of writing a first draft to the carelessness of a child, being able to write freely and loosely the first time without being scared to mess up

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As a reader reads an author’s text, it feels as though they are interacting with the author because they are, in a sense, “attached” to the writing

Brainstorming before writing leads to better writing since you can take time to make it appeal to your audience

Educators should allot more time for prewriting when teaching writing in schools, which will lead their students to more success when constructing their written work

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1. The authors claim that there are many types of literacy used to develop writing.

2. The authors argue to relearn writing and adapt to new teachings and ideas.

3. It’s important to be able to adapt and switch between the various literacies to improve writing and critical thinking.

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1. Harris shows how China created an efficient and revolutionary method of putting their alphabet on the keyboard.

2. China and Taiwan adapted a Romanized alphabet of phonetically spelling Chinese words.

3. Harris demonstrates how China created a predictive algorithm of guessing what the user is spelling.

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1. Yancey shows the importance of creating new composings and changing the structure of teaching.

2. Yancey argues that we should create new models of writing while adapting to the evolving technology around us.

3. Yancey illustrates the social interaction of media, obtaining new information, and sharing thoughts and ideas.

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1. Lamott claims that the first draft is important as it just gets you started.

2. The first draft can be used as a catalyst or foundation for your second and third draft and make them better.

3. Lamott claims that writers need to get all their ideas out on the first draft, not caring if it's messy because no one will see it.

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1. Murray’s main point is to understand the writing process before you actually begin writing.

2. The importance in genre comes into play as it can provide ideas for a writer, but can also limit them to a certain topic.

3. Murray mentions the importance of the process of rehearsing your writing.

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1. Feedback from faculty has the ability to assist and challenge students in a meaningful manner.

2. Brockman argues that educators should build a better model to teach students better writing skills.

3. Brockman mentions the issue of writing being a bigger priority in college, therefore neglecting reading a little.

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1. Parrot argues that good writers are created through hard work and growth in their skills.

2. New writers have too high of expectations when comparing themselves to professional writers and struggle more because of it.

3. Parrot argues that good writing isn’t inherited, but comes from a long history of struggle and perseverance.

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1. Edwards and Paz claim that good writing comes from collaborating with one another.

2. The authors show the importance of getting inspiration from others and developing new ideas for your own work.

3. The authors demonstrate the miscommunication with authorship and how it’s warped from material gain and when using the first or last names of authors.

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1. Carillo mentioned in the beginning of the reading that reading and writing are connected practices, and the best way to learn them is for them to be taught together

2. Carillo introduced the topic that universities abandoned the model of reading and writing together, and focussed primarily on writing over reading.

3. Another point raised by Carillo was that by not providing reading as a medium, then universities are more likely to create students that are more apathetic and lack critical thinking when it comes to reading.

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1. Writers should be able understand the writing process before you actually begin.

2. Students must eliminate past myths of writing and focus on new techniques and understand the task.

3. Irvin mentions that good academic writing comes from understanding the audience, purpose, context, and other skills.

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1. Bunn claims that there are several different ways to comprehend writing.

2. Understanding the mindset of a writer can help develop and recognize different writing skills.

3. Bunn mentions that asking questions is a good way to interact and comprehend the text.

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1. AI can be a very helpful tool for reference and develop new ideas.
2. Anson mentions that AI can make writing less emotional and take away from students' critical thinking.
3. Anson wants to show the dangers of AI to students' integrity, but to also show the positives as AI will be more relevant in the future.

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1. College writing has a very different subset of rules compared to high school writing.

2. College writing allows for more creativity and freedom.

3. It’s important to relearn the guidelines and audience for college writing.

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1. Johnson claims that ideas evolve from conversations and engaging with others.

2. Innovation comes from collaboration and ideas are constantly changing and being revised.

3. Ideas are sometimes incomplete and be changed or combined from other perspectives of a parlor.

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The preconceived idea that a writer is defined by their beginner writing intellect is incredibly harmful and untrue

Being open to editing and accepting the process as a developmental necessity to growing your writing skills will make you a better/ healthier writer

Students and educators alike should learn how to properly encourage future writers to write and develop regardless of their initial skill level

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Writing is always an unsteady process involving a lot of collaboration with peers and refining details

There is no clear- cut black and white difference between a smart/ capable writer and a bad one. Building your skills and acquiring resources when necessary is the definition of being a good writer

Young/ beginning writers should not have unreal, fantastic visions of themselves when they first begin writing

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The notion that people come up with ideas and theories randomly is not true

Writing is always fluid so it is up to the writer to learn with the changes and make use of the writing community in discussions

No idea was established without a conversation first

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- Think of writing like being at a coffee house. Share your ideas with others, and develop a greater one
- Steer away from the traditional sense of what society wants writing to be

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There are a lot of negative feelings about writing that date back to old historical practices or theories, that currently are not used and therefore should not negatively impact today’s writers

Due to recent technological advancements, writing connects us to society much more than before

There should be an update to writing curriculums that better suits the needs of present day writing

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The development of the keyboard simplified language for Western countries and eventually China

Through the difficulties of converting traditional chinese script into a convenient keyboard, China was able to advance their keyboard surpassing the west

China’s use of generative AI poses as a positive to the politics of China but also a threat to the general public

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Persistence and creations of several drafts is necessary in every writing process

Not everything in life is romanticized, especially not being an author

Learning to write is just about continuing to do it

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Writing is a process and in order to understand how to teach students to learn how to write effectively, educators need to learn to make use of the natural writing process of great writers.

Deadlines may restrict writing success because “procrastination” allows the writer to subconsciously generate ideas for the project early

Forces for writing includes increase in information, increase in importance, an audience anticipating publish, a deadline

Rehearsal for writing is a key part of writing, as it lasts the entirety of fleshing out the piece of writin

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Practicing a multitude of literacy types is essential in developing proper writing skillsets

K- 12 schools should adopt more efficient and college preparatory ways of teaching their students so we can better prepare incoming college freshman

College classrooms should also consider the variation in writing proficiency among their students and should better accommodate for the majority of less prepared students

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- The best ideas are only shaped over time through various conversations and can always be evaluated again from others
- Innovation sparks in environments where collaboration between many thinkers takes place
- Sometimes great ideas can originate from one raw idea taken into a new perspective and grown on from combining other partial ideas in the room

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Writing is a multistep process in which the knowledge and practice behind conveying a message matters most

Feedback and application of  feedback is a fundamental part in writing practice

Professors should update their curriculum to better reflect their expectations

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- Through a new age of social media, writers use technological advancement to write now more than ever before and exchange lots of ideas
- The ease of new technology now allows audiences for writers to be much more diverse and compositions can be accessed from anywhere throughout the world
- Composition coursework should be restructured to create a more amusing student experience than currently is

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Reading and writing have so much in common that working on one without simultaneously working on the other will result in less progress in both.

Both reading and writing invoke creativity in different ways and therefore should be viewed similarly

Enhancing one’s active reading ability directly supplements ones writing

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Writing in college is not about a set of rules like it is in college. Your knowledge and practice in the subject demonstrates your learning in college.

Writing is not a “you get it or you don’t” skill. Writer’s run into problems the same way you do in most subjects.

Writer’s sense is one of the primary skills to learn when it comes to literature. This will help you set moods and tones to your writing. It helps create that immersion that is so hard to succeed in, in writing.

While high school brought you basic structure, college is when you learn how to bend those rules.

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- Literacy is composed of four different categories: Traditional- reading and writing aspects, Academic- educational criteria, Critical- Critiquing and analyzing various texts, and Institutional- Transitions between high school and college environments
- Being open to learn a diversity of new ideas and educational methods are crucial for the making of successful writers
- Basic tools within academic literacy students ought to understand include proofreading drafts and avoiding plagiarizing existing text

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People need to practice engaged reading where you consider key concepts deeply, ask questions, and think about what it would be like to have written the text you are reading.

The main goal of reading like a reader is finding key elements within text that you could use to your advantage, as well as consider different paths the author could’ve taken, like you

Contextual understanding is lacking in incoming freshman but is key in college writing

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Writing with generative tools inhibits a writer's learning by extracting the active part of writing in students' minds.

AI could restrict creativity in our futures

Ethically AI machines are a huge hub for stolen work. Creators all over could be snuffed out in a mess of plagiarized work.

AI machines are an inevitable part of our future, so learning of its advantages and being weary of its disadvantages is key.

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- the idea of literacy needs to be expanded
- The multiliteracies framework has four parts: Institutional, Academic, Traditional, and Critical
- "Students should have involvement in the theory and practice of literacy" (85).

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- Academic writing has very little to do with what high school establishes and that could be harmful to the pre-college student ie. great vocabulary, proper formatting etc.
- The notion that “rules” exist when writing is simply not true. A good piece of writing can captivate an audience and convey an idea.
- A big part of writing involves a higher level of deep understanding, demonstrating by actively choosing words that relate to the message or prompt.

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- Unlike the structured five paragraph essay rules utilized in high school, college writing does not use that same method
- Educators should be creating better curriculum to teach writing skills that don't always prioritize strict rules that are tossed by college
- Writing has become such a bigger priority in college education that strategies with reading aren't being taught simultaneously if taught much at all

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- The long lasting myth has been that higher socioeconomic status is correlated to producing better writers
- Improvement in one's writing is universal and can be utilized by writers no matter their experience or prior writing history
- As a general rule, becoming an expert in any field takes constant practice and improvement and cannot happen as an innate ability

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- Despite genre serving importance, it can also be just as dangerous for writers due to how much it may limit what one originally may think about writing
- Pre writing process like word rehearsal and usage of inner dialogue are a part of the writing process that should always be used
- Brainstorming material before putting together drafts makes it easier to connect the dots of ideas while putting it together in the actual writing stage

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- Drafts are arguably the most vital part of the writing process due to the opportunities it gives us to constantly improve and adjust
- Simply writing everything that spontaneously comes to mind on paper before revising is an effective writing method or authors
- First drafts are by nature supposed to be flawed for any type of writer before working up to something better

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- Taiwan produced an entire new method of incorporating the modern keyboard while keeping their original character language unlike China by avoiding the standard roman system
- Despite the slow transition to adapting to the keyboard in Taiwan, some of the fastest typers are now recorded there even with a more complex typing process than America
- The spread of AI created new algorithms that can now predict what people are going to say, especially in Taiwan where it's taken to the point of a whole paragraph

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- Besides traditional methods of writing material, active imitation of different concepts are how some creative authors gather inspiration for their work
- Writers are found to be more successful when they collaborate with others to produce ideas
- The best writers are those who take longer periods of time to repeatedly revise their drafts before release

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- Involvement in writing can go to depths of even changing the writer because of how they are exposed to several new perspectives
- Because AI can be used in this new generation of learning without being caught, educators must take an approach to adapt with this new technology into their curricula
- The drawback from not engaging in writing because of the rise of AI is that students are not forced to face beliefs that may push back on their own and grow with an open mind

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- Many people have been in the writing field before you and we must respect them
- Everyone is welcome to write, they don't always need to be correct
- Collaboration in the writing sphere will help you gain knowledge of the practice
- Many people will continue to write after you are out of the writing sphere

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- All around literacy education needs to improve
- There a four main literacies that need more emphasis in the classroom
- introducing these will improve the masses literacy
- We need to prove this to be important to implement the framework

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-He dispels myths about academic writing
-He shares types of writing assignments to expect in college and some tips for each
-College writing is more complex than high school

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- There are ways to better comprehend text while reading
- Know your purpose for reading prior to
- Active annotation can aid your understanding
- Slow down while reading to analyze

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1. As students read, they learn to recognize elements of various genres where they can then incorporate that style into their own writing.

2. Reading is critical for one’s life due to the consequences of not being able to adequately view the world around them if there is no skill of analysis or critical thinking.

3. Being a good reader also means being able to determine different values and biases that may exist in texts, as we actively immerse ourselves in another perspective.

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- You need to unlearn habits from high school
- There are no rules to writing. Know your audience.
- We write to learn not access in college

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1. Writing in a college setting is more about showing mastery in critically analyzing a subject and presenting your thinking instead of having a good process or format of an essay

2. The metaphor for a writing professor is in digging up an archeological site: hand you as the student the shovel and the resources for digging and then the rest of the journey is yours to craft the end product and findings

3. Depending on the prompt, it could either imply a direct response in opinion of a position or it could require more creativity to create a position from a broader idea in the text

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1. Although the high school intros to five paragraph essay formats can be a guide, it’s a big responsibility of college educators to emphasize how much these indirect rules to an essay aren’t needed in college writing.

2. Using formal rules of avoiding certain words in high school writing misses the whole point as college writing focuses more on complexity of thought given what genre is presented to write about.

3. Writing before entering a college setting may be more about winning complexity points to attain teacher approval in our culture and turns into a confidence game for a false impression.

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-Different impressions coming from text simply from how it starts in formality. The intended audience for the student writer could vary depending on how even the first sentences are written.
-The metaphor of looking at a text as an architect should be used: When we think about how a text is constructed instead of the history of a text, we as writers would know how to construct something similar in our following work.
-From one of the students’ perspectives, we should look out for different aspects of text depending on genre. We should be looking out for keywords to look for an indicated argument in a work from a philosopher, whereas more creative writings should have us looking at it with a dramatically different perspective of noticing certain dialogue or settings.

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AI writing would turn writing into less emotional and common writing.

He wants to get across that using AI in place of thinking is bad. Human’s can write better than AI.

These AI tools can also harm the educational system and learning from students as they can easily copy generated pieces of writing from these AI tools

AI tools have the ability to change the writer and allow new perspectives and create a more sophisticated type of writing

Even though there are pros and cons to these tools, everyone should still know how to manage it because these tools offer learning opportunities

These tools just show how much our educational systems are changing our educational systems

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Writing is below standard, but more importantly Reading is even more below standard

We are focusing too much on writing rather than writing and reading collectively

This is a huge problem because reading and writing don’t just matter for academics but for your life as well

To fix this, colleges need a bigger emphasis on reading classes they need to teach reading in a more effective way

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There is a lasting impression of what an author is and its damaging

There isn’t one way to become an author

Authors don’t do everything solo it takes collaboration

This idea needs to reach the masses

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Writing used to be focused on the final product not how we got there

This lead to the popular false belief that some just aren’t able to be writers

Teaching changed later to emphasize the development of a good piece of work

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First-years are not expected to know how to navigate college writing (the whole year)

Writing is for learning not just a progress check

High School Habits aren't always applicable

Encourage mistakes because that's what leads to complexity and differences

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Pre-writing isn’t being utilized to its full effect

There are 4 positive pressures to writing and 1 negative pressure

The 4 positive pressures will help you complete the assignment but may not yield the best result

Taking adequate time to pre-write and sit on ideas may result in a better final product

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-Professional writers don’t craft their work in an instant. It takes multiple drafts.
-It doesn’t matter what you put in the first draft. No one will see it.
-Your second draft will be a more condensed, developed, and organized version
-Your third draft is down to the details version

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In order to understand the writing climate in the 21st century we need to track how we got here

Composition/interaction can happen anywhere through any thing

We need to adapt

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-China couldn’t keep up with the West because their language was too expansive for a keyboard
-The first development was typing how a word sounded
-Followed by typing the beginning root of the character and suggest the rest
-But then they were able to predict sequences of characters which causes them to surpass the West

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- Writing is something that is constantly changing and won't stop for anyone.
- It is up to the writers to join the conversation and try to catch up.
- Writing is only successful if it is done with a group of people. Perspectives from all writers is what get the ideas flowing.

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A keyboard holds a wide range  of information

The methods China Came up with, made it accessible for users and for the future.

Algorithmically presented information can lead to dangerous outcomes.

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1. Historical conceptions about writing are actually misconceptions we hold

2. Writing from back then is different from writing in the 21st century. It is time for a change– a development of strategies that renew understanding and teaching

3. Create new ways of teaching a writing curriculum

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The creation of the keyboard was beneficial for western civilization and China

The QWERTY keyboard  posed a challenge for those who speak Chinese, but technological advancements allow for them to type on it

Predictive algorithms have proven to be beneficial to an extent.

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Writers don’t succeed in writing because of their intellect

Writing doesn’t have to be something that you do alone. The author suggests that writing can have a social aspect. (Bounce ideas off of other writers). Promote collaboration over isolation, which should be promoted by educators

“True authors are not made; they are born” is a false ideology.

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- There are four different types of literacies:
- Traditional: what reading and writing entail
- Academic: school aspect
- Critical: analysis and critique of relationships among texts
- Institutional: helps with the transition into university
- All four are important for academic success
- As time goes on, the importance of digital literacy goes up and it should be involved in the classroom.

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The belief that some people are just born with exquisite writing abilities is false

Writing improvement courses can be taught to writers of all backgrounds and levels

“Good writers are not born. They are learned.”

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The writing process isn’t linear

Drafts are an essential part of the writing process. They allow you to notice where to improve, what to take out, etc.

“Shitty drafts” are necessary

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Reconsider attitudes toward writing so other students can prosper too.

Allow time for pre-writing and word rehearsal

Writing is a process that takes time

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There is no set ideology on how to write in college ( not a huge reliance on structures learned in High School)

Writing is a developmental process of which teachers encourage growth (going to college allows the person to grow as a writer)

Taking risks is not a bad thing to do as it leads to many benefits (generation of new ideas,

Close reading and practicing analysis is important

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Colleges are renowned for teaching writing separate from reading

It is imperative that college professors teach reading and writing simultaneously

Teaching reading and writing at the same time could help students in the long run

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There are a lot of myths associated with writing that aren’t necessarily true.

Academic writing is about analysis and arguing

Success in writing depends on how well you understand what you are writing about and how well you understand the task

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Reading like a writer involves someone noticing how an author writes and seeing if it appears in their own writing

RLW teaches you how to write well and grants someone the chance to think about writing

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It is essential for the student to not rely on AI technology to write for them.

NLP systems pose a threat to the education and intellect of future students.

Find a way to integrate both forms of writing (AI and human)

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There is not a set structure on how to properly write an essay

Communicate ideas concisely, don’t rely on grandiose vocabulary to persuade an audience

Create a path that provides students the tools necessary for college writing

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Used a roman version of their language to make it easier to type

Used phonetics and sounds so that they can make it easier to type

Used AI to make predictions to type faster

Language changes to fit the constant change of the world around us

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Writing is a form of expression and rebellion against anything the writer believes should be so.

Writing has been brought up to be something that is unfeeling and that can only cause sorrow.

The negatives of writing ranged from high to low. The negative feelings that it brought plus the great deal of work and carefulness needed to write back then. This negativity just carried into each new generation's mindset.

With the addition of science, writing started to move towards the level it is today, which is a huge part of academia.

Writing is a constantly growing and improving subject matter that with technology has become unstoppable.

Being a writer means becoming part of a conversation that keeps going with or without you. It is your job, though, to become part of it while also keeping up.

The new structure of teaching should include helping the public instead of just keeping it inside the classroom.

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MYTH: Good writers write their amazing work on the first try

Criticizing one’s work is what ends up holding us back in the end.

You basically have to throw up on the paper for the first draft

You then revise the first draft for what you like and repeat

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There are seven signals that push the writer to write about a subject:

Genre: Clarifying and limits (stereotypes how the structure should look like)

POV: The view on the subject from the writer

Voice: Tone in which subject is written affects the language

News: A sense of responsibility to pass on information to their readers

Line (wording of the first few lines): these lines can affect tone, pace, voice, and how the writer treats the subject.

Image: can visualize how the work looks like (visualize the character going through a wild adventure)

Pattern: visual the writing as something that can be put together (a sandwich)

Taking into consideration the thoughts that are persistent about the subject is the rehearsal.

Negative force= procrastination

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Professors are more aware of the mind and life of a student than we are aware of.

Focus group made up of students and teachers whose results reinforced Brockman’s teaching abilities

Teaching abilities: students must know why writing is an important skill, let them know how they will be graded, no plagiarizing, etc.

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Because the focus was put on the subject of writing and not the development of writing as a skill, those who came from a higher educational background would always have the advantage.

Society's focus on the don'ts in the writing aspects instead of teaching how to be a good writer is what sets the downfall of a lot of new inexperienced students.

This is something that should be the standard, but the hard truth is that most teachers don't even respect their own students, knowing that they are not at the standard because they haven't had the explanation or experience before.

Being a pro at anything whether that be a sport, an art, etc., it can always be accomplished with a lot of practice. The same goes for writing.

The knowledge that one's work is being viewed by a bigger audience, can push the student to try harder and think more about their writing skills. It is a great way to get feedback and make the student improve.

The situations that students are in can affect their writing learning experience but so can the mentality that good

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Great writers are those that have many drafts and struggle through the writing process.

A great writer is one that works with others to produce new ideas.

Writers who build off of each other’s ideas are great authors.

copying the way others work, you learn to produce the work yourself in the future and how to change it to make it your own

A writer can't complete the writing process by themselves. They either use sources based on other authors or they use the structure of their reading, but it is used as a learning tool.

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Reading and writing are connected

Students learn better about both subjects if they are learned together

Teaching one without the other is what complicates writing for many students

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Best way to write about a subject is by writing about it as if you were an expert.

Focus on a specific topic when writing instead of keeping it general.

Knowing what content and structure is needed for your essay makes a good writer.

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Learning how to read like a writer is the best way to become an amazing writer

“You are reading to learn about writing”

Reading with the mindset of a writer helps identify good writing techniques

Making a list per technique to see which one would work better in the writing task

Reading to see the structure of the reading to then be able to use that

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Ability to write one’s own perspective is something important for the human mind

Being able to defend your own ideas with evidence is important for day to day life

AI writing would turn writing into less emotional and common writing.

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College writing is so different compared to highschool writing

Rules to Guidelines and free reign

Forget everything learned in highschool to then relearn

Successful writer=writing to think—> thinking to better understand→ better understand to improve knowledge on the subject

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Writing is evolving now more than ever with the technology we have.

People rehearse writing almost every day with technology as they use social media.

It’ll make it easier and better for students if the process of English is taught with technology too

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The first step to writing is to “pour” everything on the first draft

Writing messy first drafts is the first step to writing a good paper

Having a review process after the first draft is a way to put all the ideas together and build it to make sense.

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Having s pre-writing process is the foundation of writing

Teachers don’t work enough with students in the process of rehearsal

It’s important to look for the “signals” like purpose, audience, voice, etc in our writings

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1. The author suggests that there are a lot of literacies that are available now that the students can have access to.

2. the author express that the new "texts" are significant to students' learning. We should utilize and take advantage of the modern "Texts"

3. The learning environment would mean different to different individuals.

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1. Reading should be like writing texts. We need to think and revise what we read while reading a text.

2. We should ask ourselves a couple of questions while we read and record the confusion we face. The questions can help us better understand what we are reading.

3. When we are reading, we should take notes and record what we've read that seems to be useful and meaningful. This can help us better accumulate knowledge and inspirations.

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1. The author states how writing is different from reading. Writing is harder for people as it is more painful and writing can reflect more about a person and how he or she thinks. Writing can also develop more skills and abilities than reading.

2. The author shows how writing changed people’s views from quantity-based to the writing process and nowadays writing circumstances. Writing learning has reached a new area, and the students started to have the ability to compose with their thinking.

3. The author thinks that with the changing writing circumstances and how people think about writing, the writing learning and teaching model should be changed to help students better accept and develop writing.

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1. The author tells us that the typing system in China is continually improving through the past century, which indicates that improving technology is important to human society,

2. The author indirectly tells us that the educational tool is important to literacy and knowledge learners and that how the students can have access to a learning tool has a large impact on the extent of gaining knowledge.

3. The author uses the three developing processes of the Chinese typing system to show how fast the typing system in China has developed and shares this idea with his audience.

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1. the author informed us the fact that many people think that writing abilities are born to be. This forms a gap in literacy among writing learners.

2. The author reveals that inexperienced writers are often criticized and we should not criticize them. Writing is a process of learning and gaining experience.

3. Real writers will form a writer’s mind and they will think and reflect on themselves frequently. They will persist on writing and practicing and that is what the writing learners need.

# data[].attributes.body
1. great writers have negatively influenced the writing learning of students nowadays, and their standard has made them feel too hard to catch. The student lost their own identities with the genius writer.

2. There are claims that writers are born with writing abilities. This is a kind of misunderstanding and the authorities are still using this as a standard to teach the students how to become a writer.

3. The author claims that writing is not just a sole work. It needs our collaboration. We need to get inspiration from others and make ourselves become a writer, rather than becoming a writer just as born as a writer.

# data[].attributes.body
1. the author shows how we would feel before writing texts. We would feel struggling and resisting before wiring, but there will always be forces and pressures that drive us to write.
2. the author informs us that we should rehearse before we start to write, and there are many ways that people do before writing, like writing a list or talking to themselves.
3. The author also reveals that there will be signals indicating that we will write something, and the signals have many forms, like feeling or an image.

# data[].attributes.body
1. the author shows how we would feel before writing texts. We would feel struggling and resisting before wiring, but there will always be forces and pressures that drive us to write.
2. the author informs us that we should rehearse before we start to write, and there are many ways that people do before writing, like writing a list or talking to themselves.
3. The author also reveals that there will be signals indicating that we will write something, and the signals have many forms, like feeling or an image.