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This digital platform (URL): https://padlet.com/nemesr1/602-coursework-1-92r4cgsxw14zkjir ) incorporates and reflects the structure and ethos of the National Decision Model. Acting as a foundation it uses the five areas of the NDM (See figure 1) with the overarching principles of the Code of Ethics (CoE).

A focus of this study is the analysis of local policing challenges, responsive strategies and their plan to address hate crime, the integration, impact of digital technology in policing practices and examination of the dynamic interplay between the Police, technology and societal trends. By deep diving into the multidimensional nature of hate crime and the role of digital innovation this platform will highlight the role digital technology plays in shaping future strategy and planning.

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Figure 1: National Decision Model (NDM) (College of policing, 2023)

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Figure 1: National Decision Model (NDM) (College of policing, 2023)

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Figure 2: Statistics of residents across London whose main language is not English (Haringey Council, 2023)

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Figure 2: Statistics of residents across London whose main language is not English (Haringey Council, 2023)

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Figure 2 indicates Haringey has a higher proportion of residents for whom English is not the primary language (exceeding 30%) reinforcing linguistic diversity. Exceeding Islington, marginally less than Brent. London boroughs range from 15% to 30% in this aspect, placing Haringey towards the higher value.

In Haringey, 29.7% of residents speak a main language other than English, the sixth highest in London and above both the local and London averages. Among these, 24% have limited or no English proficiency, the second highest rate across London boroughs and above regional norms.

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Figure 3: Increase in reported hate crimes across Haringey.(Haringey Council, 2022)

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Figure 3: Increase in reported hate crimes across Haringey.(Haringey Council, 2022)

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Figure 3 depicts the number of racist and religious hate crimes reported per 100,000 population in Haringey and London from 2014/15 to 2021/22. Both lines trend upwards, indicating an escalation in reported hate crimes over the period.

In 2021/22 Haringey’s rate (341.3) exceeded the London average (278.1). Showing a 11% year-on-year increase in reported incidents for Haringey.

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Figure 4: Hate crime offences 2021/2022 (Allen, Zayed,2022)

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Figure 4: Hate crime offences 2021/2022 (Allen, Zayed,2022)

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·       2022 - Haringey listed among London's top 10 most dangerous boroughs.

·       Crime rate:105 crimes per 1,000 people, 11% above London's average.

·       Sept. 2021: it had the highest burglary rate in London (229 crimes).

·       March 2021: Highest robbery rate in London in (104 crimes).

·       October 2021: Highest report of vehicle crime (514 crimes).

·       2022: Predominant crimes - violence and sexual offences, totalling 8,427(Slight decrease from 2021's 8,636 offences).

·       2022: Weapon possession offences increased to 159 from 156 (2021).

·       Overview reflects general crime trends not specific to hate crimes.  (Crime Rate, 2023)

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In 2021-2022, hate crimes in Haringey accounted for approximately 3.04% of all recorded crimes. This is comparable to the estimated 3.0% of crimes identified as hate crimes across London, based on the national average. Nationally, in England and Wales, the proportion of hate crimes stands at a similar level, around 3% of total crimes, demonstrating a consistent pattern of hate crime prevalence across London, Haringey, and the wider national context. (Statista, 2023)

In 2021/22, Greater Manchester Police had the highest hate crime rate per 100,000 population at 457, while Lincolnshire had the lowest at 82. The overall rate for England and Wales, including the British Transport Police, was 261. West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, and Merseyside the only police forces in the top 10 for each hate crime category.

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The definition of hate crime is:

“any criminal offence perceived by the victim or any other person as being motivated by hostility or prejudice towards someone based on their race, religion, sexual orientation, disability or transgender identity” (CPS, 2011).

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The impact of hate crime on the community.

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The impact of hate crime on the community.

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Hate crimes whilst not defined offences are statutory offences with Hate driven aggravating (motivating) factors. Crimes with a Hate crime marker offer increased sentencing powers to justices, for example ABH 5 years increases to 14 years. This not only addresses the direct harm to the victim but also the broader impact on the community. The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) recognises hate crimes based on actual or perceived hostility, encompassing offences like assault if seen as hate-motivated, aligning with public understanding of such hostility. (Crown Prosecution Service, 2022)

The Police utilise the THRIVE model: Threat, Harm, Risk, Investigation, Vulnerability, and Engagement to tailor their response to calls whilst prioritising the victim's needs within their assessment (His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services, 2022).

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National Strategy on hate crime – exploration of the national strategies in addressing hate crime.

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National Strategy on hate crime – exploration of the national strategies in addressing hate crime.

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The Strategic Policing Requirement 2023 (SPR), outlined by the Home Secretary, emphasises the need of addressing Hate Crime by articulating the national threats and the policing capabilities required to mitigate them (Gov.uk, 2023).

The UK has seen an increase in reported Hate Crimes, with 155,841 instances noted annually and a significant number of unreported cases estimated at around 260,000 (National Crime Agency, 2023).

The legislative domain encompassing Hate Crime has witnessed recommendations aimed at reviewing the laws to meet the challenges and fortify protection for individuals from marginalised and minority demographics.

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On the 7th December 2021 the Law Commission’s review of UK hate crime laws, prompted government response in accordance with the Police, Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act. The review aimed to provide equal protection under hate crime legislation for disabled and LGBT+ characteristics.  It recommended widening the scope of laws against aggravated offences and incitement of hatred to all protected characteristics and proposed refining "stirring up hatred" offences to target only intentional incitement, thus preserving free speech when intent is not evident. Additionally, it proposed expanding the offence of racist chanting at football matches to encompass homophobic chants, gestures, and throwing missiles at players. In 2021. (Law Commission, 2021)

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Geo-Political Science and the Societal Microcosm that is London.

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Geo-Political Science and the Societal Microcosm that is London.

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Following Hamas's invasion of Israel (7th October 2023) UK antisemitic incidents rose significantly, exceeding 300% (Sky News, 2023). Islamophobic attacks in the UK also surged, with ITV reporting a 600% increase, including verbal and physical abuse and vandalism, notably at Acton Mosque in West London (ITV News, 2023). Israel, culturally Jewish with a secular government, contrasts with Palestine, which designates Islam as its state religion and Sharia as primary legislation, though other religions can be practised within public order and morality guidelines (US Department of State, 2022). The varying interpretations of Palestine and Israel's history, coupled with the diverse values of different communities help to illustrate the escalation in tensions.

On 11th November 2023 Armistice Day a Pro-Palestinian march reflecting Middle East geopolitical instabilities disrupted events across London. At Whitehall, confrontations erupted between far-right protesters and police, while some Palestinian demonstrators used racially charged language against politicians such as Rishi Sunak and Suella Braverman.

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Figure 5: A Palestinian protester holding a placard depicting Rishi Sunak and Suella Braverman as coconuts. (Sky News, 2023)

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Figure 5: A Palestinian protester holding a placard depicting Rishi Sunak and Suella Braverman as coconuts. (Sky News, 2023)

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The phrase "ebb and flow," typically describes natural rhythmic movements, a kin ocean tides but can also refer to societal and moral feeling driven by international geo-politico-socio conscience (LMHCA, 2018). The events of 11th November illustrate this as commemoration events seen as empirical and pro war broke into sporadic disorder enraging community tension.

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Legislations on hate crime – A review of legal aspects, relevant legislation, and ethical considerations in policing.

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Legislations on hate crime – A review of legal aspects, relevant legislation, and ethical considerations in policing.

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·       The Public Order Act 1986: Addresses public order offences, including provisions against inciting racial hatred.

·       The Crime and Disorder Act 1998: Specifically targets hate crimes, introducing offences that are racially or religiously aggravated, with stricter penalties.

·       The Football (Offences) Act 1991: Aims to combat disorder among football fans, including measures against indecent or racist chanting.

·       Collective Impact: These laws collectively manifest the UK's commitment to combatting discrimination and preserving community cohesion. (GOV.UK, 2023)

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Figure 6: Crime offences recorded in London 2015-2023 (Statista, 2023)

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Figure 6: Crime offences recorded in London 2015-2023 (Statista, 2023)

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Policing priorities Options and contingencies - Policing priorities and initiatives and the challenges of digital technology in policing.

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Policing priorities Options and contingencies - Policing priorities and initiatives and the challenges of digital technology in policing.

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Metropolitan Police Service (MPS):

The MPS ‘Direction Strategy’ aims to enhance public safety in London by addressing violent crime, terrorism, knife and gun crime, sexual offences, domestic abuse, and safeguarding vulnerable individuals. It emphasises collaboration with partners and the public, especially among youth and ethnic minority communities. MPS prioritises justice, victim support, and upholding the rule of law while leveraging data and technology for effective policing and enhancing its global reputation. It also focuses on well-being, leadership, and diversity, promotes continuous learning and innovation, and aims to be a responsible, ethical, and efficient organisation contributing to London's sustainability reinforcing the relevance of MPS's focus areas. (MPS, 2023)

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Figure 7: MPS reporting section on hate crime. (MPS,2023)

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Figure 7: MPS reporting section on hate crime. (MPS,2023)

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COLP prioritises addressing issues related to alcohol and drugs, vulnerable populations, youth engagement, hate crimes, and school safety. Drug offences in the broader London area amounted to 42,560. The crime rate in the City of London was significantly high with 895 crimes per 1,000 people in 2022. (Statista,2023) This suggests a strong relationship between the policing priorities and the crime trends, especially concerning vulnerable populations and youth engagement, reflecting a response to the rising crime rates. It should be noted that that COLP mainly covers the financial districts of London and they do not put hate crime as one of their top priorities.

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Figure 8: COLP reporting section on hate crime (COLP,2023)

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Figure 8: COLP reporting section on hate crime (COLP,2023)

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Prioritises enhancing public safety and reducing crime. Key areas include advocating for victims' rights and encouraging reporting, particularly in rural and isolated regions through targeted investments, community collaboration, and legislative advocacy. Dog theft prevention strategies encompass public engagement, awareness campaigns, and charity partnerships. Business crime, fraud, and cybercrime are combated through awareness initiatives, victim support, and alignment with the local Business Crime Strategy. Road safety efforts focus on reducing casualties via enforcement, technology, and community partnerships. Volunteerism is fostered for crime prevention, and officer support includes health and diversity initiatives. Collaboration with emergency services, such as the East of England Ambulance Service and Kent Police, ensures efficient resource use. Notably, the website omits any mention of hate crime. (PFCC, 2021)

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BTP is dedicated to railway safety, passenger protection, and reducing disruptions. It prioritises efficient resource use, workforce training, and adaptation to new challenges. BTP's plans reflect its commitment to balanced policing and a safer railway system.

BTP actively combats hate crimes on UK transport, including racial, homophobic, and faith-related incidents. Reporting can be done via 999 for emergencies, 0800 40 50 40 or text 61016 for non-emergencies, and anonymously through the True Vision website. Specific hate crimes can also be reported to organisations like Tell MAMA and the Community Security Trust, aligning with BTP's commitment to reducing hate crimes and enhancing transport safety. (BTP,2023)

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Digital Technology in PolicingTake Action-The proactive measures, digital initiatives and their impact.

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Digital Technology in PolicingTake Action-The proactive measures, digital initiatives and their impact.

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Digital technology has modernised policing over the last decade, enhancing efficiency and public engagement. The MPS demonstrates this through its data-driven strategy, employing intelligence systems and digital data sources such as intelligence databases, CCTV, automatic number-plate recognition, and social media. The National Policing Digital Strategy 2020-2030 aims to provide a seamless digital experience and use technology to prevent harm while upholding ethical data practices.

Digital technology plays a key role in addressing hate crimes in UK policing. For example, the MPS's introduction of True Vision, an online hate crime reporting system, has led to an increase in reports, particularly benefitting groups like Muslim women through culturally sensitive services. The CONNECT programme by MPS and similar initiatives like the City of London Police's use of Niche RMS and Essex Police's "Analytics for Everyone" project, demonstrate a shift towards unified, data-centric policing methods. (Cryptopolitan & Kabulu, 2023)

These services enhance customer service, leading to increased reporting of hate crimes. This improvement is achieved by providing non-English speakers with the opportunity to report incidents in their native languages, or through assistance from English-speaking friends. Such resources simplify the process of crime reporting and updating victims.

Research by the University of Brighton highlights challenges in digital handling of hate crimes, especially among women, and suggests recognising gender as a hate crime category. The COLP's use of social media monitoring in collaboration with HateLab shows proactive digital policing. However, challenges in addressing hate crimes, digital literacy, and online harassment persist. Combining digital technology with traditional policing, community engagement, and legal reforms is essential. The MPS's strategic implementation of technology, like body cameras, emphasises user needs, training, and public trust. Maintaining a police drone fleet, including initial costs and annual expenses, varies between £2,500 to £30,000 for purchase, with annual costs from £12,500 to £25,000. (Smith & Garland, 2020)

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In conclusion, the investigation into local policing priorities and the role of digital technology in addressing hate crimes reveals a landscape marked by challenges and opportunities. The adoption of digital tools has improved the efficiency and scope of policing, enabling a more nuanced approach to hate crime detection and response. However, the findings also underscore the need for a balanced strategy that combines technology with human insight and community engagement. The increasing digitalisation in policing must be complemented by continuous training, legal reforms, and ethical considerations to effectively address the complex nature of hate crimes. This platform highlights the potential of digital technology as a catalyst for transformative change in policing strategies, advocating for a future where technology and human-centric approaches coalesce. The services used by the local Police services boost customer service and hate crime reporting by enabling non-English speakers to report in their languages or via English-speaking friends, thus streamlining crime reporting and victim updates. As digital innovation continues to evolve, its integration into policing practices promises a more responsive and adaptive policing landscape in the UK. (Policing Vision, 2020)

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