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Australian Indigenous music provides a means of navigating and connecting to the land.

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Australian Aborigines - Australian Aboriginal Music

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Australia's indigenous people have long used tea tree oil as an herbal remedy and antiseptic (germ killer). Today, the external application of tea tree oil is encouraged for several conditions including insect bites, athlete's foot, lice, nail fungus, cuts, and acne.

References:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Tea tree oil. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tea-tree-oil#:~:text=The%20aboriginal%20people%20of%20Australia,the%20eyelids%2C%20and%20insect%20bites.

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For me, being healthy means being in a state of mental and physical wellness that enables me to feel good and succeed in my daily life. My physical and mental health are at their best when I exercise and eat wholesome foods for my body to thrive.

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Australia and New Zealand commemorate veterans of war on Anzac Day. It coincides with the commemoration of the ANZAC landing at Gallipoli, Turkey, on April 25, 1915. Australians have a tradition of baking Anzac biscuits to honour Memorial Day. They were supposedly sent to the Anzac soldiers during the war, according to a common myth about why they are known as Anzac biscuits. The traditional Anzac biscuit is made with flour, oats, golden syrup, desiccated coconut, sugar, butter, and bicarbonate of soda.

References:

Coates, S. (2019, June 12). The history of the Anzac biscuit. https://www.jamieoliver.com/features/the-history-of-the-anzac-biscuit/

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As described by the World Health Organisation I will be discussing three social determinants which include unemployment and job insecurity, Social Inclusion and non-discrimination and housing, basic amenities and the environment.
1. Unemployment and job insecurity are risk factors for poor health outcomes, with migrant/refugee groups experiencing varying levels of these issues. Immigrants with low language proficiency often take longer to find high-quality jobs, leading to lower job satisfaction. Non-English speaking immigrants to Australia are more likely to hold low-skill jobs, exposing them to more stressors. Recent migrant workers face difficulties like discrimination, acculturation, and lack of social networks, leading to part-time, temporary, and "survival jobs" with poor working conditions. Poor working conditions lead to poor health and higher risks of work-related issues affecting one's physical, mental, and emotional well-being.

2. Social Inclusion and non-discrimination

Australia has a history of addressing cultural diversity through inclusive social policy, but there is potential for better outcomes for immigrants and refugees. Encouraging social inclusion involves allowing them to participate in community decision-making, and access suitable housing, healthcare, education, and public services. Discrimination against refugees can lead to negative mental health issues, making it crucial for Australia to promote inclusivity and prevent discriminatory behaviors.

3. Basic amenities and the environment

Community-based initiatives in Australia offer numerous benefits for refugees and migrants, including compliance with international human rights law, humane treatment, lower rates of suicide and self-harm, and fewer claims for compensation. These initiatives are more likely to result in lower rates of suicide and self-harm, as they pose fewer risks to the physical and mental health, safety, and well-being of asylum seekers, refugees, and stateless people.

References:

Community arrangements for asylum seekers, Refugees and Stateless Persons. The Australian Human Rights Commission. (n.d.). https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/community-arrangements-asylum-seekers-refugees-and-stateless-persons

Liu, X., Bowe, S. J., Milner, A., Li, L., Too, L. S., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2019, October 28). Job insecurity: A comparative analysis between migrant and Native workers in Australia. International journal of environmental research and public health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6861924/

Rivera, V. (n.d.). A path to social inclusion in a multicultural Australia. Australian Institute of International Affairs. https://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/news-item/a-path-to-social-inclusion-in-a-multicultural-australia/

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Social Determinants of Health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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The Australian Football League (AFL) is a classic Aussie tradition. The sport, originally known as the Victorian Football League (VFL), was founded in 1896 and began to spread beyond Victoria to other Australian states in the 1980s. With the launch of the Australian Football League Women's (AFLW) competition in 2017, female teams are becoming increasingly popular in what was previously a male-dominated sport.

Reference:

Insider Guides. (2023, April 17). Australian Rules Football: An Introduction. https://insiderguides.com.au/australian-rules-football-2/

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Ethiopia, the second-most populous African nation, has a population of over 115 million and diverse socioeconomic and disease conditions. Australia has a long-standing relationship with Ethiopia, having introduced Australian eucalyptus trees to reforest areas in the 1890s. Australia has made significant foreign aid commitments to Ethiopia, contributing to health programs and educational initiatives. Common health concerns in Ethiopian refugees include TB, malaria, and HIV, as listed in the Australian Refugee Health Practice guide.

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

The virus known as HIV targets the immune system of the body. HIV can cause AIDS if it is not treated.

Treatment:

Ethiopian refugees who have tested positive for HIV must undergo combination therapy with several antiretroviral medications, which prevent viral replication and promote immune recovery.

Tuberculosis (TB and LTBI)

Lungs are the primary organs affected by the serious disease known as tuberculosis (TB). The likelihood of contracting tuberculosis is higher in those who have HIV/AIDS.
Treatment:

Ethiopian refugees who have tested positive for Tuberculosis must receive isoniazid (10mg/kg up to 300mg daily, pregnancy category A) for 6 to 9 months as their first-line preventive treatment for LTBI.

Malaria

The parasitic protozoal disease malaria is spread by mosquitoes and is brought on by the genus Plasmodium.
Treatment:

Oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) should be used to treat asymptomatic or uncomplicated falciparum malaria in patients who can take oral medication.

References:

Alene, K. A., Elagali, A., Barth, D. D., Rumisha, S. F., Amratia, P., Weiss, D. J., Atalell, K. A., Erena, A. K., Gething, P. W., & Clements, A. C. A. (2022, February). Spatial codistribution of HIV, tuberculosis and malaria in Ethiopia. BMJ global health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8867247/#:~:text=is%20already%20known%3F-,HIV%2C%20tuberculosis%20(TB)%20and%20malaria%20are%20the%20three%20most,important%20infectious%20diseases%20in%20Ethiopia.

Denholm, J., Bailes, M., & Francis, J. (n.d.). Tuberculosis (TB & LTBI). Tuberculosis (TB & LTBI) " Australian Refugee Health. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/tuberculosis-tb/

Lemoh, C., Isaacs, D., & Bailes, M. (n.d.). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) " Australian Refugee Health. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/hiv/

Phillips, C., & Francis, J. (n.d.). Malaria. Malaria " Australian Refugee Health. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/malaria/

Theophanous, T. (2018, March 3). Ethiopia’s little-known relationship to Australia and to Orthodoxy. NEOS KOSMOS. https://neoskosmos.com/en/2017/01/25/features/ethiopias-little-known-relationship-to-australia-and-to-orthodoxy/

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A significant portion of contemporary Aboriginal art draws inspiration from significant myths and symbols from "the Dreamtime." Paintings often contain symbols like concentric circles, curved lines, and straight lines. Concentric circles typically denote camping grounds, watering holes, or important locations. Curved lines typically depict rain or underground water movement.

References:

10 facts about aboriginal art. 10 Facts About Aboriginal Art | Kate Owen Gallery. (n.d.). https://www.kateowengallery.com/page/10-Facts-About-Aboriginal-Art#:~:text=Aboriginal%20art%20is%20based%20on,believe%20the%20world%20was%20created.

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Traditional Aboriginal dancing was used to tell stories that were passed down through generations. These would be stories about the land, animals, the dreamtime, and Aboriginal people.

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After reviewing Domain 7 and 12.3 competency standards, access and equity seemed to me to be the factor with the greatest significance. I now have a better understanding of how crucial it is to acknowledge that everyone has specific requirements and might need various opportunities and resources to achieve their best health and equitable access to healthcare providers, wholesome foods, and a secure living environment. I feel more educated about how clinicians uphold culturally sensitive practice as a crucial component of delivering high-quality and secure healthcare, ethical behaviour, and adherence to professional standards. As a future nurse, having this knowledge will be crucial because it will help me better understand people from migrant and refugee backgrounds and the influence of culture on healthcare decisions.

Reference:

Migrant & Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. (n.d.-a). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf