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Production of offspring in animals and plants.

Origin of today's life is due to the evolution of organisms through reproduction.

Is a chemical replication, through which cells develop complexity within the rise of new offsprings.

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Eukaryotes break down molecules from food to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

This process releases chemical energy from carbon-based molecules to make ATP, this is an aerobic process (needs oxygen).

Takes place in the mitochondria.

C6H12O6 +602 -> -> -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Cycle of chemical reactions: Krebs cycle in matrix of mitochondria breaks down carbon-based molecules

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In 1944, Erwin Schrödinger wrote a book named "What is life?". 80 years later, we still struggle with Schrödinger's simple question.

Despite the great advances in molecular biology over the past half-century, we still do not completely understand what life is, how it relates to the inanimate world and how it emerged.

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Pross, A. (2012). What is Life?: How Chemistry becomes Biology. Oxford University Press.

Nowicki, S. (2017). Biology. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Kornberg, H. (2024, 1 marzo). Metabolism | Definition, Process, & Biology. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/metabolism

Bonner, J. T. (1998, 19 octubre). Reproduction | Definition, Examples, Types, importance, & facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/reproduction-biology

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All living things are able to respond to stimuli in the external environment. The living things generally answer to changes in light, heat, sound, etc. Furthermore, to detect stimuli, organisms have means for receiving information, such as eyes, ears, etc.

In order to answer the stimuli, organisms coordinate their responses with a system that consists in chemical regulators and nerves, called hormones.

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Sum of chemical reactions taking place in each cell of a living organism, providing energy for vital processes and for synthesizing new organic material.

Living organisms can extract energy from their environment to carry our daily activities like movement, growth, development and reproduction.

This process lies in the enzyme-mediated chemical reactions that takes place in living matter.

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All organisms on earth possess a genetic system that is based on the replication of a long, complex molecule called DNA. This mechanism allows for adaptation and evolution over time, also distinguishing characteristics of living things.

Organisms that reproduce through asexual methods end up having the same genetic features as their parents. They are pretty much clones of their parent. However, living things that reproduce through sexual methods get half of their DNA from each parent.

Organisms are able to pass on traits because they all share a genetic code. Inside every cell of every living thing, there is a hidden genetic code. In eukaryotes, this information is stored in the nucleus in chromosomes, which are just bundled up pieces of DNA.

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The Science of Biology Concept Outline 1.1 Biology is the science of life. (n.d.). https://biology.org.ua/files/lib/Raven_Johnson_McGraw-Hill_Biology.pdf

Heredity (Genetic Code) — Characteristics of Life. (n.d.). Expii. https://www.expii.com/t/heredity-genetic-code-characteristics-of-life-10031

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Adaptation it's a consequence of evolution by natural selection, which operates in every lineage of reproducing organisms.

Adaptations are not constant. As an environment changes, natural selection causes the characteristics of the individuals in a population to track those changes.

As a population of organisms interacts with the environment, individuals with traits that contribute to reproduction and survival in that particular environment will leave more offspring. Over time those adaptations will become more common in the population. Adaptations help organisms survive in their ecological niches, and adaptive traits may be structural, behavioral, or physiological; as such, adaptations frequently involve other properties of organisms such as homeostasis, reproduction, and growth and development.

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All organisms maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment.

Homeostasis involves three mechanisms: the receptor, control center, and effector.

Cells must dispose of wastes in order to maintain their homeostasis.

In case homoestasis is not mantained it may cause an imbalance that would lead to disease or even death.

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Organisms are highly organized structures that consist of one or more cells.

Multicellular organisms, have an advantage over single-celled organisms as their cells can be specialized to perform specific functions, or even sacrificed in certain situations for the good of the organism as a whole.

Specialized cells come together to form organs such as the heart, lung, or skin in organisms.

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A toad represents a highly organized structure consisting of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

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Properties of Life | manoa.hawaii.edu/ExploringOurFluidEarth. (s. f.-b). https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/biological/what-alive/properties-life#:~:text=Homeostasis%20is%20the%20ability%20of,when%20the%20outside%20temperature%20changes.

Harris-Ray, N. (2022, 20 mayo). Homeostasis: What It Is and How It Works. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-homeostasis

Molnar, C., & Gair, J. (2015, 14 mayo). 1.1 Themes and Concepts of Biology. Pressbooks. https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/1-1-themes-and-concepts-of-biology/

Miller, C. (2020, 1 septiembre). 7.8 Homeostasis and Feedback. Pressbooks. https://jwu.pressbooks.pub/humanbiology/chapter/9-6/#:~:text=If%20homeostasis%20is%20not%20restored,and%20may%20be%20dangerously%20high.