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The Xia dynasty ( 2070-1600 BCE )

The mythical or quasi-legendary

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Yu the great

Founder of Xia dynasty

Known for creating a flood control also known as "dike"

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The fall of the xia dynasty

The shang tribal leader conquered the Xia dynasty.

Jie of Xia was a tyrant leader.

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The Shang Dynasty ( 1600 BCE - 1046 BCE )

Signaled as the bronze age of China.

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King Tang

Hereditary Absolute Monarchy and Theocracy

King

People paid taxes through harvest

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Aristocrats

Also known as local lords or vassals

They provide labor, military service, and pay taxes to the king.

They rule or control certain places in the kingdom

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Lady Fu Hao

First female chinese general.

60th wife of king wu ( 21st king of shang )

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Oracle bone

Said to give people's future.

The shoulder blade of a cattle or turtle shell

ALSO THE EARLIEST WRITTEN RECORDS OF CHINESE CIVILIZATION!!!

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The Fall of Shang Dynasty

Turkish speaking tribe, The Zhou Dynasty attacked and defeated Shang Dynasty.

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The Zhou Dynasty ( 1046 BCE -256 BCE )

Golden age of Chinese philosophy

Longest reigning dynasty

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King Wu

He justified his rebellion against Shang Dynasty Using or creating the concept, "Mandate of Heaven" And Claimed he was the "Son of Heaven"

Had Agriculture Revolution and Military Revolution

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Chinese philosophies emerged,

Golden age of Chinese Philisophy:

A. Confucianism

B. Daoism

C. Legalism

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Confucianism

Focused on achieving and maintaining social harmony

Humans are naturally good

"Do not do unto others, what you would not want them to do unto you"

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Daoism ( Taoism )

Yin and Yang

Let things take their natural course and do not interfere with the way.

,Let things be

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Legalism

Humans are naturally bad

This philosophy created Law.

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The Fall of Zhou Dynasty

Caused The warring state period, The seven separate states Fought. The state of Qin Dynasty won.

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The Qin Dynasty ( 221 BCE -206 BCE )

First imperial dynasty

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Shi Huangdi

The first emperor of China

He was one of the heads of the seven warring states

He Defeated 6 of them

Implemented centralized government

Wiped out feudal system

Known for being ruthless

He used Legalism as a state ideology

Banned Confucianism

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Shi Huangdi's major construction

1. E fang palace

2. Great wall

3. Terracotta tomb

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1. E fang palace

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2. Great wall

Serves as a line of demarcation between agriculture and nomadic lifestyle, Basically to protect them from the outsiders.

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3. Terracotta tomb

Shi huangdi's tomb

where soldiers stand in battle formation facing east , the direction from which the emperor's enemies had come.

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The fall of Qin Dynasty

The peasants rosed in rebellion once they have learned about Shi Huangdi's death

The major constructions put a heavy burden

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The Han Dynasty ( 206 BCE- 220 CE )

Second imperial dynasty

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Liu bang / Gauzo

The founder of the Han Dynasty

Graded as one of the most competent leaders/emperors of China.

His philosophy is to combine Confucianism + Daoism + legalism = remodeled Confucianism

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Application:

Confucianism = A stable and Sustainable society

Daoism = Discourage emperors from seeking vast resources for large-scale construction projects.

Legalism = Provide the backbone of tough and efficient government.

Result:

The country regained, growing strong and prosperous again

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Wu the great

He continued to make The Han regime into a highly centralized Empire with power and wealth

He defeated Xiongnu - Nomadic tribes

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A semi-global trading route connecting china, europe, and central asia.

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The Fall of the Han dynasty

The cause of the fall is from rebellions and constant tension

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The Sui Dynasty ( 581 - 618 CE )

Short lived dynasty

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Emperor wen and yang

The Sui dynasty only had 2 emperors

They gained the support of military leaders from the north.

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WORKS

They lowered taxes

Redistributing land

They made sure there were public storehouses

Educational system

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They opened the Grand Canal which is connecting to many parts of the empire.

World historical Heritage

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The Fall of The Sui Dynasty

Unsuccessful war campaigns

Rebellion

Social unrest increased

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The Tang Dynasty ( 618 - 907 CE )

Golden age of reform

Cultural advancement

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1. Li yuan ( Sui governor, founder of tang dynasty, Tang Legal code. )

2. Taizong ( Lim shimin )

Second son of Li yuan, killed his older brother Because he wanted to be emperor.

3. Wu Zetain ( Wife of Gaozong, China's only female ruler. )

She improved education. Taxation, and agriculture, and reformed the government

4. Xuanzong ( Son of ruizong, Grandson of Wu Zetain. )

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In his reign, China became the most prosperous country

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Abolished The death penalty

Improved the economy through security on the silk road.

Constructed temples

Established A professional army

Lower classes were now eligible to take civil services exams

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Woodblock printing

Xuanzong patronized the arts and encouraged creative expression

The encyclopedia was written and completed

Mass production of books

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Gunpowder

Invented gunpowder, waterproofing, fire proofing, gas stoves, and air conditioning

Developed agriculture machines

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Fall of Xuanzong

He fell inlove with the wrong person who abused power.

He died from an illness in 762 CE

The fall of Tang dynasty

They continued to rule but they never reached the same level of greatness.

Period of the 5 dynasties and 10 kingdoms( 907 - 960 CE )

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The song dynasty ( 960 CE - 1279 )

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Emperor Taizu

He established the song dynasty

He practiced merit-based policy ( civil service exam )

Neo-Confucianism

Less open to adopting foreign styles and ideas

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Jiaozi

Government produced paper money

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The economy was booming with silk, tea, rice, Grenades, and procelain

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Foot binding, They believe that Women with smaller feet are more attractive.

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Moveable type printing press and Paddle-wheel ships.

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The fall of the Song dynasty.

"Mongol invasion"

The song dynasty was rich enough but lack of military investment.

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The Yuan Dynasty ( 1279 - 1368 )

First foreign ruled dynasty

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Beijing as the capital city

Genghis Khan

Made several major attacks on song territory

Kublai khan ( shizu )

Finally conquered the Song dynasty

He ensured that the Mongols always gained advanatage in China

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1. Mongols

2. Semu

3. Hanren

4. southerner(nanren)

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Stability in Eurasia

Stability among the people who lived in the conquered territory

Chao

The first paper currency use in predominant circulating medium in china

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Marco Polo

He worked with Kublai Khan

He documented all his explores of the east and china in his book, " The travels of marco polo "

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The fall of Yuan Dynasty

They suffered natural disasters

Governments' lack of effective policy

Red turban rebellion

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The Ming Dynasty ( 1368 - 1644 )

Ming means 'bright' or 'light'

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Zhu Yuanzhang

Captured beijing, destroying palaces, and sent the mongolian rulers fleeing,

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1. Renovation of the Great Wall

They renovated the Great Wall to its greatest glory.

They believed that the Great Wall was the most effective defense Against invasion.

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2. The forbidden City

Imperial residence

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3. Ming Porcelain

Blue and white porcelain wares

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The Fall of the Ming Dynasty

Court factions and corruption

Li Zicheng rebelled and attacked Beijing

Invasion of manchus

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The Qing Dynasty ( 1644 - 1912 )

'Final Imperial dynasty of china'

The second time that China was not ruled by the Han people

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Shunzhi Emperor

First emperor of the Qing Dynasty

The qing 'golden eras' under:

Emperor Kangxi ( 1661 - 1722 )

Golden age began

Emperor Yongzheng ( 1723 - 1735 )

Golden Age continued

Emperor Qianlong ( 1735 - 1796 )

Golden age reached it's peak

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Queue Hairstyle

Keep your hair ; Lose your head

Keep your head ; cut your hair

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Fall of the Qing Dynasty

October of 1911, a group of revolutionaries in southern China led a successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty