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People of Myanmar which is also know as Burma speak Burmese language as their national language. It is the Sino-Tibetan language and is written in the Burmese script (Hays, 2018). Their language has a complex system of honorific and pronouns indicating social hierarchy. When it comes to religion, Theravada Buddhism is the predominant religion practiced in Myanmar (May, 2017). They worship Buddha as their god and follow this teachings such as becoming monk in a Buddhist temple and meditation. Being a Buddhist, having temple and monasteries are considered vital in their community, in which they practice religion and also social activities.

Reference

Hays, J. (2018). Language and languages in Myanmar. Asia society. Retrieved from https://asiasociety.org

Mya, A. (2017). Religion in Myanmar: The role of theravada buddhism. Journal of southeast asian studies, 48(2), 234-249 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463417000132

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The traditional dress of Burmese has cultural significance. For men, the "longyi" (trouser) is a cloth wrapped around their waist and tied with a knot, paired with a shirt called "taikpon" (shirt) and a "pinni" (white jacket). Women wear "longyi" (htamein) as well but often colourful, paired with blouse (Abram, 2014, pp. 38-39). However, in the light of modernisation, Burmese people wear western-style clothing in their day to day life and only during special occasions/ceremonies do they wear their traditional dress.

Reference

Abram, D. (2014). Traditional Dress. In Eyewitness Travel Guides. Myanmar [Burma] (pp. 38-39). DK Publishing. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX7058400018/ITOF?u=murdoch&sid=bookmark-ITOF&xid=e6fbe3cd

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Retrieve from

https://youtu.be/6nLYu72YGM4?si=vLjFhQbUWNgER95R

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After getting independence from British in 1948, Burmese government launched a project to promote their traditional medicine practice (Coderey, 2020). They mostly rely on traditional herbal remedies for treatment of various diseases. Burmese believe that their traditional medicine can treat about 96 different diseases including cold, fever, cough, kidney diseases, heart diseases, and even work as mild to severe pain killer by using dried and fresh fruits, herbs, flowers, barks, leaves and stems (Chan, 2015). Some rare plants are grown in Myanmar and the government is try to prevent it from getting extinct. Some of the herbal plants used by Burmese are neem, sweet flag, sweet broom weed, ginger, tamarind and blue evergreen hydrangea (Chan, 2015).

Corey, C. (2020). Modern asian studies. Myanmar traditional medicine: The making of a national heritage, 55(2),514-551. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0026749X19000283

Chan, A. (2015, March 7). A glance at traditional medicine in Myanmar. Myanmar insider. https://www.myanmarinsider.com/a-glance-at-traditional-medicine-in-myanmar/

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For me, I feel competency standard 1.3 of Domain 1 which states that clinicians should recognise ethno-specific variations and health disparities of culturally diverse people (Competency standards framework for clinicians, 2019), is more relevant as myself being one of them. I will upgrade my knowledge on different types of social determinants of health related to ethnicity so that I can to address it in an appropriate way. Previously, I thought we can get people opened up just by asking them to and that I can get the help they need but I am wrong. I need to further develop my communication skill so that I can build rapport with diverse people with ease, get them open up about their situation and provide accurate interventions.

Reference

Competency standards framework for clinicians. (2019). Culturally responsive clinical practice: Working with people from migrant and refugee backgrounds https://moodleprod.murdoch.edu.au/pluginfile.php/4119639/mod_resource/content/3/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Social inclusion and non-discrimination 

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Social inclusion and non-discrimination 

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Social inclusion and non-discrimination plays a vital roles in the health outcomes of Burma migrants in Australia. Burmese consider having social connections as important factor in their health and culture (Wong et al., 2020). When they feel social inclusion and are protected from discrimination, their overall health improve significantly.

Social inclusion will not only improve physical health of Burmese but also their mental issues such as depression, stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.

In addition, not being discriminated leads to better physical health as they are more likely to have positive health behaviour and access necessary health services (Australian human rights commission, 2020). In Wong et al. (2020) case study, Burmese people got more access to Australian's healthcare services than they used to have in Myanmar as part of the settlement process.

Reference

Wong, C. K., White, C., Thay, B., & Lassemillante, A. M. (2020). Living a healthy life in Australia: Exploring influences on health for refugees from Myanmar. Int j environ res public health, 17(1), 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010121

Australian human rights commission. (2020). The health impacts of discrimination and social exclusion. https://www.humanrights.gov.au

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Refugees from Burma face different types of health issues after arriving in Australia, ranging from bacterial infection such as H. Pylori infection (Chaves, et al., 2009) to mental health issues (Schweitzer, et al., 2011).

One common mental health concern among Burmese in Australia is post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of traumatic event back in their country and stress due to resettlement in new environment (Steel, et al., 2009).

To address the issue, we need to offer post-arrival health assessment in a friendly manner, taking gradual steps: explaining the procedure in understandable language to asking their current concern. After getting them open up, we can then ask about sleep, mood, appetite, anxiety symptoms or nightmare (Australian refugee health practice guide, n.d.). People with PTSD symptoms should be referred to specialised trauma service.

Reference

Chaves, N. J. Gibney, K. B., Leder, K., O'Brien, D. P., Marshall, C., & Biggs, B. (2009). Screening Practices for Infectious Diseases among Burmese Refugees in Australia. Emerging infectious diseases, 15(11), 1769-1772. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1511/090777

Schweitzer, R. D., Brough, M., ... & Asis-Kobe, M. (2011). Mental Health of Newly Arrived Burmese Refugees in Australia: Contributions of Pre-Migration and Post-Migration Experience. Australian & New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 45(4), 299-307. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048674.2010.543412

Steel, Z., Silver, D., Bird, K., & Lewin, T. (2009). Displaced and dispossessed: The mental health of refugees and asylum seekers in Australia. Australian & New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 43(8), 674-681. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670903112623

Australian refugee health. (n.d.). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/refugee-health-assessment/