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paintings of animal in Lascaux cave discovered in 1941

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PREHISTORIC VISUAL COMMUNICATION ( Cave Paintings and Petroglyphs ) 1.1

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PREHISTORIC VISUAL COMMUNICATION ( Cave Paintings and Petroglyphs ) 1.1

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The Lascaux cave artworks are ancient creations unearthed in the southwestern region of France , estimated to be from 17,000 BC . these artwork it consists of several caves , they show detailed representations animals such as deer and horses . it is believed that these works were made using natural dyes and basic tools such as brushes or even hands . Lascaux artwork represent an example of early visual communication . providing clues about the symbolic and storytelling of our ancestors . they reveals how visual art served as a means of communication and expression of ideas and narratives before the advent of written language .

https://archeologie.culture.gouv.fr/lascaux/en

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Early writing tablet recording the allocation of beer, 3100–3000 B.C.E, Late Prehistoric period, clay, probably from southern Iraq

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THE BIRTH OF WRITING SYSTEMS ( Sumerian Cuneiform ) 1.2

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THE BIRTH OF WRITING SYSTEMS ( Sumerian Cuneiform ) 1.2

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The Sumerian cuneiform script is considered one of the oldest forms of writing , dating back to 3500 BCE in Mesopotamia . Originating from the Sumerians, this writing system was created into clay tablets with a stylus , creating distinctive wedge-shaped characters. first used it for keeping records and managing affairs, after that expanded to encompass literature, legal texts, and historical accounts . It is a form of visual communication that converts spoken words into visual symbols , make it easy the recording and sharing of intricate thoughts and stories over different periods and locations. The symbols used in the script and their placement on the tablets give us essential connection between ancient civilizations and our contemporary comprehension of early human communication.

https://www.coolaboo.com/world-history/ancient-mesopotamia/sumerian-writing-and-cuneiform/

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Egyptian Hieroglyphs, The Language of the Gods

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THE BIRTH OF WRITING SYSTEMS ( Egyptian Hieroglyphics ) 1.2

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THE BIRTH OF WRITING SYSTEMS ( Egyptian Hieroglyphics ) 1.2

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Hieroglyphics is a system of writing created by the ancient Egyptians around 3200 BCE , they found a structures like monuments , tombs , and scrolls in Egypt . This system employs both pictorial symbols and sounds to share information . they used Hieroglyphics for differents things such as religious writings , official orders and historical accounts . They are linked to visual communication by converting spoken words into a visual language , with each symbol representing sounds , words or ideas. The complex, symbolic character of hieroglyphics allows for the expression of detailed thoughts and cultural values, ensuring the preservation of the deep history and beliefs of ancient Egyptian society for future generations.

https://www.ancient-origins.net/artifacts-ancient-writings/egyptian-hieroglyphs-002990

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Egyptian Hieroglyphs, The Language of the Gods

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THE BIRTH OF WRITING SYSTEMS ( Phoenician Alphabet ) 1.2

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THE BIRTH OF WRITING SYSTEMS ( Phoenician Alphabet ) 1.2

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One of the oldest alphabets is the Phoenician alphabet , which was created by the Phoenicians in the ancient Mediterranean region in 1050 BCE . Through the use of a set of symbols to represent distinct sounds , this writing system transformed visual communication and made it possible to create words and sentences . In contrast to earlier phonetic writing systems, the Phoenician alphabet made writing and reading easier by capturing spoken language more accurately. Its impact was far-reaching, changing the way knowledge was recorded and transmitted and serving as a model for later alphabets such as Greek and Latin .

https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2014/assyria-to-iberia/blog/posts/alphabet

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Chinese calligraphy, Tang Dynasty by Wang Xianzhi

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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ASIA CIVILISATIONS ( Chinese Calligraphy and Writing ) 1.3

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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ASIA CIVILISATIONS ( Chinese Calligraphy and Writing ) 1.3

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Chinese calligraphy is a highly regarded art style that dates 2000 BCE in the Shang Dynasty. they do it on paper, silk, and various materials . It use a brush and ink to make characters that are carry meaning . Chinese calligraphy uses artistic expression to turn written words into a visual language . Each brushstroke represents the artist's emotions and artistic choices, shaping the visuals of each character as significantly as its substance . This connection between form and function exemplifies how visual aspects can communicate cultural values and complex ideas .

https://asiasociety.org/education/chinese-calligraphy

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Greek manuscript of the New Testament, circa 200

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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ASIA CUVILIZATIONS (  Invention of Paper ) 1.3

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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ASIA CUVILIZATIONS (  Invention of Paper ) 1.3

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Communication was completely transformed by Cai Lun's once invention of paper, which was made in China in 105 AD . Made from mulberry bark , hemp and cloth , this advancement provided a versatile medium for writing and drawing . The creation of paper enabled the advancement of visual communication and aided in the dissemination of culture , art and knowledge . It helped make information more available to a larger group of people by enabling the production of books , scrolls and illustrations . The popularity of visual storytelling increased as a consequence . The shift from spoken to written forms of communication marked a significant milestone in human history , connecting people through shared ideas and creative expression .

https://multimediaman.blog/tag/invention-of-paper/

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Part of Woodblock Printing Work, Tang Dynasty in 7 CE

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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ASIA CIVILIZATIONS ( Woodblock Printing  ) 1.3

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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ASIA CIVILIZATIONS ( Woodblock Printing  ) 1.3

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An old printing method called woodblock printing entails engraving text and images onto a wooden block , inking it and then pressing it onto paper. During the Tang Dynasty in 7 CE , this technique was developed in China and quickly spread across East Asia . The increase in availability of information was facilitated by the ability to create large quantities of texts and graphics . Woodblock printing revolutionized education and culture by enabling the mass production of literary , artistic and religious texts . Therefore , it has a close connection to visual communication . The impact can still be seen in present day printing and graphic design , showing the ongoing importance of visual storytelling .

https://www.testprint.net/printing-methods-techniques/

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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ASIA CIVILIZATIONS ( Movable Type ) 1.3

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CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ASIA CIVILIZATIONS ( Movable Type ) 1.3

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Bi Sheng invented movable type in China in 1040 CE, a few hundred years prior to Gutenberg's invention. By utilizing unique clay characters that could be rearranged to create distinct texts, this innovative technology allowed for the effective replication of written information. This method, originating from the Song Dynasty, greatly improved visual communication by simplifying the mass production of books and papers. It facilitated the spread of ideas, culture, and information throughout society. Bi Sheng's invention of moveable type, although less popular than woodblock printing, laid the groundwork for further printing advancements that influenced the evolution of visual communication and enhanced literacy and learning.
https://erikexamines.substack.com/p/why-was-western-printing-superior

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THE MEDIEVAL ERA AND ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS (  The Role of Monasteries ) 2.1

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THE MEDIEVAL ERA AND ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS (  The Role of Monasteries ) 2.1

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Monasteries , like the ones in Cluny (France) and Monte Cassino (Italy), served as crucial hubs of education starting from the 6th century . These religious groups emphasized not just spiritual activities, but also the careful duplication of texts to preserve and share knowledge . Created between the 8th and 15th centuries , illuminated manuscripts were essential in facilitating this development . Monks embellished these texts with detailed drawings , which functioned as a type of visual messaging . These decorations helped to make challenging theological and philosophical concepts easier to understand and more captivating , connecting written material with the predominantly uneducated audience through visual creativity .

https://www.medievalmodern.ugent.be/learning-middle-ages-learning-middle-ages

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   Initial of the book of Genesis 1390s   

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 THE MEDIEVAL ERA AND ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS ( Illuminated Manuscripts ) 2.2

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 THE MEDIEVAL ERA AND ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS ( Illuminated Manuscripts ) 2.2

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Handwritten books, known as illuminated manuscripts, are embellished with ornate decorations such as detailed designs and colorful illustrations. Emerging in the early medieval era, specifically between the 6th and 16th centuries, these documents were mainly produced in European monasteries. Artisans meticulously reproduced texts while craftsmen enhanced them with gold leaf, bright pigments, and intricate borders. This artistic expression not only enhanced aesthetics but also helped communicate text more vividly, making intricate concepts and narratives easier to grasp. Illuminated manuscripts show how visual elements can improve and clarify written content, helping to bridge gaps in literacy and understanding through art.

https://www.outfit4events.com/eur/articles/interesting-facts-of-the-past/czech-illuminated-manuscripts/

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first Latin-script 7th-century                                                

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 THE MEDIEVAL ERA AND ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS ( Caroline Minuscule ) 2.3 part 1

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 THE MEDIEVAL ERA AND ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS ( Caroline Minuscule ) 2.3 part 1

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Caroline Minuscule was created in the 8th century as part of the Carolingian Renaissance, particularly under the rule of Charlemagne. This writing style developed in monastic scriptoria during the Carolingian Empire. Known for its distinct, easy-to-read, and consistent letters, Caroline Minuscule marked a notable improvement from previous writing styles. Because of its readability and ease of reproduction, it was adopted as the standard for academic and religious writings. Caroline Minuscule in visual communication shows how standardized, easily readable typography can improve text clarity and accessibility, aiding in spreading knowledge and ideas throughout medieval Europe. Its impact still prevails in current fonts, emphasizing its lasting effect on visual comprehension.

"Caroline Minuscule Predates Charlemagne", Heidelberg University, 9 January 2013

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Gothic Textura quadrata script (France, 15th century)

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THE MEDIEVAL ERA AND ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS ( Gothic Script  ) 2.3 part 2

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THE MEDIEVAL ERA AND ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS ( Gothic Script  ) 2.3 part 2

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In Europe, illuminated manuscripts flourished from the 12th to the 16th centuries, especially during the medieval era. Gothic script, which emerged in the late 12th century, gained popularity in these manuscripts, first appearing in France and later spreading across Europe. Known for its intricate and angular letter shapes, Gothic script was frequently employed in religious and academic documents. The complex pattern, combined with detailed illustrations, heightened the attractiveness and underscored the significance of the material. The ornate design of Gothic script in visual communication showcases how typographic elements can express both beauty and hierarchical importance, shaping the way textual information is perceived.

http://penpiano.wikidot.com/printer--friendly//gtq

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THE RENAISSANCE AND THE BIRTH OF TYPOGRAPHY ( The Printing Press Revolution ) 3.1

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THE RENAISSANCE AND THE BIRTH OF TYPOGRAPHY ( The Printing Press Revolution ) 3.1

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German inventor Johannes Gutenberg created moveable type in Mainz, Germany, about 1440. Using individual metal letters, his revolutionary method made text printing effective and scalable. His creation of the Gutenberg Bible in 1455 was a turning point in the history of visual communication. This invention revolutionised the way knowledge was shared and reduced the cost of books. Manuscripts had to be painstakingly copied by hand before Gutenberg, which restricted their availability. The vast creation of written texts made possible by movable type promoted literacy, education, and intellectual interaction. In the end, the Renaissance and beyond's visual world was greatly influenced by Gutenberg's innovation.

https://www.creativelive.com/blog/ways-letterpress-impacts-modern-life/

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An early sample of one of Jenson's first Roman typefaces, published in 1475.

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THE RENAISSANCE AND THE BIRTH OF TYPOGRAPHY ( Humanist Typefaces  ) 3.2 part 1

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THE RENAISSANCE AND THE BIRTH OF TYPOGRAPHY ( Humanist Typefaces  ) 3.2 part 1

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Johannes Gutenberg's moveable type, which allowed for a variety of font designs, marked the beginning of the evolution of fonts in the fifteenth century. Gothic art was represented in early fonts like Blackletter, although readability was emphasised by Humanist kinds created during the Renaissance. Transitional and Modern fonts with more contrast and geometric accuracy first appeared in the 18th century. The 19th century saw a boom in ornamental and show fonts, which improved advertising's visual appeal. Typography was transformed by the digital era, which made infinite innovation and rapid access to a wide selection of typefaces possible. This development has had a significant impact on visual communication, altering how people interpret language and increasing the potency of messages sent through various mediums.

http://www.designishistory.com/design/early-typographers/

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Baskerville is a typeface , used in the 1800

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THE RENAISSANCE AND THE BIRTH OF TYPOGRAPHY ( Old Style and Transitional Typefaces ) 3.2 part 2

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THE RENAISSANCE AND THE BIRTH OF TYPOGRAPHY ( Old Style and Transitional Typefaces ) 3.2 part 2

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Between the 16th and the 18th centuries, Old Style and Transitional fonts appeared, signalling a major advancement in typography and visual communication. Typefaces like Garamond are examples of the Old Style, which was formed in the late 15th century and is characterised by bracketed serifs and organic shapes. It was created in Italy and reflects the elegance and purity of the Renaissance. Early 18th-century transitional fonts, like Baskerville, highlighted legibility and beauty with their heightened contrast between thick and thin strokes. This change was mostly brought about in Europe in response to the rising need for printed materials. Both approaches improved the messages' visual attractiveness, which helped people communicate more clearly in a culture where literacy is growing.

https://rahulpatel7.wordpress.com/2012/11/09/research-typeface-3/

https://www.toptal.com/designers/ui/typeface-history

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 Crusaders departing for the Holy Land, chromolithograph of a 15th-century illuminated manuscript.

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THE RENAISSANCE ANDTHE BIRTH OF TYPOGRAPHY ( Integration of Text and Image ) 3.3 part 1

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THE RENAISSANCE ANDTHE BIRTH OF TYPOGRAPHY ( Integration of Text and Image ) 3.3 part 1

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By fusing word and picture, book design advances in the fifteenth century revolutionised visual communication. With the invention of Gutenberg's printing press in Europe, illustrated books were popular during this time. Woodblock printing allowed for the inclusion of intricate illustrations to enhance the text. A notable example is the "Nuremberg Chronicle," which improved reader engagement by fusing narrative and visual storytelling. These developments strengthened the bond between authors and readers by making literature more aesthetically pleasing and approachable. The way information is presented and comprehended in print and digital media is influenced by the modern graphic design movement, which was founded on the harmonious combination of word and picture.

https://www.britannica.com/event/Crusades

https://www.britannica.com/art/graphic-design/Early-printing-and-graphic-design

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THE RENAISSANCE ANDTHE BIRTH OF TYPOGRAPHY ( Use of Illustrations  ) 3.3 part 2

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THE RENAISSANCE ANDTHE BIRTH OF TYPOGRAPHY ( Use of Illustrations  ) 3.3 part 2

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Improvements in book design throughout the fifteenth century had a profound impact on visual communication, especially when it came to the employment of images. This historical period began in Europe and corresponded with Johannes Gutenberg's creation of the printing press, which completely changed the way books were produced. Books with illustrations, like the "Nuremberg Chronicle," enhanced narrative and visually engaged readers by combining text and images. Because of this integration, difficult concepts might be communicated more clearly, improving the readability and attraction of literature. As a result, pictures started to play a crucial role in book design, shaping how information was conveyed and interpreted and setting the stage for further advancements in graphic communication.

https://www.unlockedmuseums.com/items/663fdd4f109f6d3e19b34e98

"History of Book Illustration". Archived from the original on 2010

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Koenig's Steam-Powered Printing Press was invented in the
19th century CE, specifically in 1814.

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Steam Powered Presses ) 4.1 part 1

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Steam Powered Presses ) 4.1 part 1

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In the early 19th century, steam-powered presses revolutionized printing, transforming the industry and enhancing the spread of information. Developed during the Industrial Revolution, these machines significantly increased production speed compared to hand-operated presses. The first successful steam-powered press, invented by Friedrich Koenig in 1814, could produce thousands of sheets per hour, enabling mass production of newspapers and books. This innovation not only made printed materials more accessible but also facilitated the rise of literacy and education. The efficiency of steam-powered presses marked a pivotal moment in media history, shaping public discourse and contributing to the emergence of modern journalism.

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lithographic press invented by Alois Senefelder in the late 18th century

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Lithography 1796 CE ) 4.1 part 2

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Lithography 1796 CE ) 4.1 part 2

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Lithography, invented by Alois Senefelder in 1796, transformed the printing process by introducing a new technique based on the chemical repulsion of oil and water. This innovative method allowed artists and printers to create images directly on stone plates or flat stone , facilitating the reproduction of detailed illustrations and texts with remarkable precision. Lithography was celebrated for its ability to produce high-quality prints quickly and economically, making art and literature more accessible. It soon gained popularity in Europe and America, influencing various fields, including fine arts, commercial printing, and cartography. This revolutionary process laid the groundwork for modern printing techniques and visual arts.

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Consumer Culture and Visual Communication ) 4.2 part1

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Consumer Culture and Visual Communication ) 4.2 part1

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Chromolithography ) 4.2 part2

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Chromolithography ) 4.2 part2

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Jules Chéret ) 4.2. part3

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Jules Chéret ) 4.2. part3

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec ) 4.2 part4

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec ) 4.2 part4

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Specialization and Professionalization ) 4.3 part1

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Specialization and Professionalization ) 4.3 part1

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Design Education ) 4.3 part2

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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION & MASS COMMUNICATION ( Design Education ) 4.3 part2

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ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT ( William Morris and the Return to Craftsmanship ) 5.1 part1

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ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT ( William Morris and the Return to Craftsmanship ) 5.1 part1

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ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT ( Design Principles ) 5.1 part2

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ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT ( Design Principles ) 5.1 part2