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Living things in lakes, streams and wetlands reduce pollution and break down waste materials

Plant roots filter large particles from water.

Some bacteria break down harmful chemicals in rivers and lakes.

Wetlands near coal mines treat run off before it returns to the environment.

Many industries recycle water and reduce water pollution.

Some farmers collect run off from fields and barnyards to water crops.

People must throw chemicals and harmful substances in safe ways.

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Fertilizers washed off  cause eutrophication

Gasoline and oil leak from cars and roads

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Factories and mines (chemicals, smoke, heated H2O

Factories wastes in water bodies or underground

Burning oil, coal and gasoline produce acid rain

Heated H2O harm living things from rivers and ponds

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Dumping human waste

Survival germs from wastewater treatment

Septic tanks close to streams and wells

Animal waste in the run off(cows, pigs, chicken)

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widely spread source of pollution

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specific source of pollution that can be identified.

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Sewage: Wastewater and the different kinds of waste in it.

Household water flows into pipes (sanitary sewers). Sanitary sewers carry the wastewater to a wastewater treatment plant.

Some people treat their sewage with a septic system. A septic tank has an underground tank. Bacteria in the tank break down materials in the water as the water passes through the tank.

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1. Filtration: H2O passed through screens to trap large objects.
2. Coagulation: chemicals added to H20 to make particles stick together.
3. Chlorination: add chlorine to the water to kill organisms that cause disease.
4. Aeration: Force air through water. It reduces bad odors and tastes.

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Physical, Chemical and biological indicators

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Physical, Chemical and biological indicators

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pH (acidic/basic)

Hardness (calcium, magnesium levels)

Turbidity (amount of sediment dissolved in water)

Temperature

Nitrates

Phosphates

Bioindicators: Bacteria, viruses, protozoos, algae, life

Dissolved oxygen

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Add harmful substances to water causing a bad effect on it or organisms

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Public and private water supply needs treatment to make water safe to drink

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measure of substances in water other than the H2O molecules

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Plankton: Organisms float, algae, diatoms, shellfish, tiny fish

Nekton: Organisms swim through, fish, whales, seals, squid

Benthos: Organisms live on the ocean floor, crabs, lobsters, oysters, sponges, anemones

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Salinity 1 kg saltwater- 35gr salt

Denser than freshwater

Freezes at a lower temperature

Gases in the ocean CO2 (more), O2 less than in the atmosphere

Ocean temperature near the equator warm towards the poles is cooler

Deeper the ocean + pressure -colder-denser

UPWELLING: cold water move upwards from the deep ocean (move nutrients)

For thousands of years, people have used the sea for trade. Sonar easier to map the ocean floor. Sonar uses sound waves to find the distance of an object.

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aquifers

well (well digging equipment)

spring (groundwater flows out of cracks in rocks)

geyser (hot spring where water sometimes gushes)

artesian well (water rises for natural pressure in the aquifer)

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tributary (small river)

watershed (land drains river)

ponds(still water)

lakes (still water)

reservoir(dam)

wetlands (control floods, absorb extra runoff from heavy rain)

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Reduce the water consumption

Reuse Water

Recycle water

agriculture/farming: drop instead of sprinkling

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Recreation: swim, sail, fish

Farmers to grow crops: Irrigation

Transportation: Boats to carry people and products

Industries to produce, cool machinery and power plants

Household uses

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For animals hydration

The human body -makes up 2/3 of your body

For plants' photosynthesis

Provides habitats  for many living things

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only substance on Earth that commonly exist in all 3 states of matter

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only substance on Earth that commonly exist in all 3 states of matter

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2 hydrogen atoms
1 oxygen atom

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                                     WATER

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                                     WATER