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长城究竟有多长？竟比从南极到北极还要远！《长城·中国的故事》第一集【CCTV纪录】

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长城的故事：从防御到文化，从历史到未来_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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长城的故事：从防御到文化，从历史到未来, 视频播放量 12630、弹幕量 11、点赞数 116、投硬币枚数 32、收藏人数 360、转发人数 335, 视频作者 得开窍, 作者简介 世界上有很多奇妙而又不为人知的事情，让我们一起来探索这些冷知识，开拓我们的视野和思维，让生活更加有趣和丰富，相关视频：《世界遗产@中国》系列微纪录片——长城，河北卫视文化纪录片《长城 长城》第三集 塞防，河北卫视文化纪录片《长城 长城》第一集 缘起，动画带你了解长城的前世今生，历史也可以这么有趣，儿童大百科：孟姜女哭长城，这是中国的万里长城，《孟姜女哭长城》，民间故事――孟姜女哭长城，长城到底伟大在哪里？3D拆解中国长城，揭开它内部的秘密！纪录片，一个视频带你走遍万里长城！

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Take a Look inside China’s Giant Communal Homes—the Fujian Tulou | National Geographic

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What do you notice?
What do you wonder?
How was the wall made?
How is it different than today?
What was it used for?
What is it used for today?
What do you notice about transportation?

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https://www.worldbookonline.com/kids/home#article/ar842907

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a comprehensive suite of e-learning resources designed for all ages and abilities with articles

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A comprehensive suite of e-learning resources designed for all ages and abilities with articles, videos, educator tools, eBooks, research guides and more.

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How did the wall change throughout time?

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How are these different than the other pictures?
What do you notice?
What do you wonder?
What do you notice about daily life?
What do you notice about transportation?
What do you notice about clothing?

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What are some fun facts you learned?

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What makes the Great Wall of China so extraordinary - Megan Campisi and Pen-Pen Chen

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Where is it located? Why?
How big is it? Why?

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The Silk Road_ Connecting the ancient world through trade - Shannon Harris Castelo

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Kids learn about the Silk Road trade route from Ancient China to Europe. Goods such as silk, porcelain, and salt make China rich.

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Learn the history about the Great Wall of China. How it was built and why, including the length and the dynasties that built it.

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Kids learn about the Terracotta Army of Ancient China. An army of life sized clay soldiers that were buried with the tomb of the first Emperor Qin.

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The Silk Road was a network of trade routes that linked Asia with Europe. Traders and travelers began using the Silk Road more than 2,000 years ago. It remained in use until...

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Go to Epic and search Great Wall of China

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Instantly access over 40,000 of the best books & videos for kids on Epic

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Get unlimited access to 40,000 of the best books, audiobooks, videos, & more for kids 12 and under. Try it free.

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Go to Epic and search Great Wall of China

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Instantly access over 40,000 of the best books & videos for kids on Epic

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Get unlimited access to 40,000 of the best books, audiobooks, videos, & more for kids 12 and under. Try it free.

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the world book web site offers an encyclopedia

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and curriculum guides. world book is publisher of the world book encyclopedia.

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The World Book web site offers an encyclopedia, dictionary, atlas, homework help, study aids, and curriculum guides. World Book is publisher of the World Book Encyclopedia.

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https://pgoplayer.pebblego.com/articles/10901

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https://www.worldbookonline.com/kids/home#article/ar830677

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a comprehensive suite of e-learning resources designed for all ages and abilities with articles

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A comprehensive suite of e-learning resources designed for all ages and abilities with articles, videos, educator tools, eBooks, research guides and more.

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https://www.ducksters.com/history/china/dynasties.php

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Kids learn about the dynasties of Ancient China in history. Families and emperors who ruled the country.

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https://www.ducksters.com/history/china/emperors_of_china.php

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Kids learn about the great emperors of Ancient China including their titles and how they were chosen. Famous emperors such as Wu of Han, Empress Wu, Hongwu, and more.

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https://www.ducksters.com/history/china/ming_dynasty.php

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Kids learn the history about the Ming Dynasty of Ancient China. The Emperors and accomplishments.

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https://www.ducksters.com/history/china/qing_dynasty.php

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Kids learn about the Qing Dynasty of Ancient China including its history, culture, the Opium Wars, outside influences, rise and fall, and interesting facts.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LYh7Npojn0

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUafW5QkASA

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The Eiffel Tower for Kids:  Famous World Landmarks for Children - FreeSchool

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https://www.ducksters.com/history/china/puyi_last_emperor_of_china.php

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Kids learn about the biography of Puyi, the last emperor of China, including his early life, revolution, life after losing the throne, and interesting facts.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQz2m_oRs3s

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History of the Eiffel Tower for Kids | Paris, France | Bedtime History

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Youtube-Ancient China the forbidden city story for kids

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Youtube-Ancient China the forbidden city story for kids

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5D2Niz3LMI

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Youtube-Temple of Heaven | Beijing (Hello China #49)

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Youtube-Temple of Heaven | Beijing (Hello China #49)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57uRLoAK7UI

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Temple of Heaven | Beijing (Hello China #49)

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https://www.worldbookonline.com/kids/home#article/ar831290

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a comprehensive suite of e-learning resources designed for all ages and abilities with articles

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A comprehensive suite of e-learning resources designed for all ages and abilities with articles, videos, educator tools, eBooks, research guides and more.

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https://www.worldbookonline.com/kids/home#article/ar831356

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a comprehensive suite of e-learning resources designed for all ages and abilities with articles

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A comprehensive suite of e-learning resources designed for all ages and abilities with articles, videos, educator tools, eBooks, research guides and more.

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The Temple of Heaven, 天坛, is a temple and famous attraction in Beijing, China.

The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 c.e. Emperors in the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty went there to pray. In 1918, the Temple of Heaven complex was made a public park. It is 270 hectares in size.

Images for kids

Temple of Heaven on an 1898 postcard

Inside the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests.

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The Temple of Heaven, 天坛, is a temple and famous attraction in Beijing, China. The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 c.e. Emperors in the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty went there to pray. In 1918, the Temple of Heaven complex was made a public park. It is 270 hectares in size.

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https://kids.kiddle.co/Terracotta

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You will be researching into China’s history further to gather facts about Who invented paper. 1. Watch, read and listen to each page in this activity.
2. From each page gather at least two facts and record them on your non-fiction paper
3. Remember to have a Title, Headings, fun facts and a Glossa…

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https://www.dkfindout.com/uk/earth/landmarks-world/temple-heaven/

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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What do you notice about the roofs? What do you wonder?

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Forbidden City

"Forbidden City" in Chinese characters

Chinese name

Chinese

紫禁城

Literal meaning

"Purple [North Star] Forbidden City"

Manchu name

Manchu

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ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ
ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ

The Forbidden City, now known as the Palace Museum, is a large historical palace and an art museum in the historical center of Beijing, China. The site is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is very important to the history and architecture of China. The Forbidden City was the palace of the Emperor of China from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. For almost 500 years, it was as the home of emperors and their houses, as well as the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government.

The name "Forbidden City" is a translation of the Chinese name Zijin Cheng ( Chinese: 紫禁城; pinyin: Zǐjìnchéng; literally "Purple Forbidden City"). The name Zijin Cheng was used for the first time in 1576. Another English name for Zijin Cheng is "Forbidden Palace". The word Zi means "purple" in Chinese. It means the North Star. This is because in ancient China it was called the Ziwei Star. In Chinese astrology the North Star was the home of the Celestial Emperor. Because the Forbidden City was the home of the emperor on Earth, the Chinese thought that it was Earth's equivalent of the Ziwei Star. Jin means "Forbidden" in Chinese. This was because no one was allowed to go in or out of the palace without the emperor's permission. Cheng means city.

The Chinese don't call the Forbidden Palace Zijin Cheng anymore. They call it Gùgōng (故宫) now. This means the "Former Palace". The museum that is in the Forbidden City is called the "Palace Museum" ( Chinese: 故宫博物院; pinyin: Gùgōng Bówùyùan).

After Zhu Di became the Yongle Emperor, the capital of China was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. In 1406 construction began on the Forbidden City. The construction of the palace went on for over 14 years and more than a million workers had to work on building it.

Images for kids

A depiction of the Forbidden City in the German book The Garden Arbor (1853)

A blue and white porcelain vase with cloud and dragon designs, marked with the word "Longevity" (寿), Jiajing period of Ming dynasty

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Forbidden City "Forbidden City" in Chinese characters Chinese name Chinese 紫禁城 Literal meaning "Purple [North Star] Forbidden City" Manchu name Manchu ᡩᠠᠪᡴᡡᡵᡳ ᡩᠣᡵᡤᡳ ᡥᠣᡨᠣᠨ The Forbidden City, now known as the Palace Museum, is a large historical palace and an art museum in the historical center of Beijing, China.

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Kids History: Forbidden City of Ancient China

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Kids learn about the Forbidden City of Ancient China. A giant palace built for the emperor in Beijing city by the Ming Dynasty.

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a comprehensive suite of e-learning resources designed for all ages and abilities with articles

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A comprehensive suite of e-learning resources designed for all ages and abilities with articles, videos, educator tools, eBooks, research guides and more.

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Ancient China: Forbidden City for kids Video

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Ancient China: Forbidden City for kids Video

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Jade Life：My favorite place and reason in Suzhou

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How is Beijing rejuvenating its old city?

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The Ming Dynasty City Wall Relict, Beijing

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Embalming is the act of preserving a dead body, so it will not decompose. If a human body is not embalmed, it will start to decay very quickly. Because of this, most bodies are embalmed if they will be on display (for example, lying in state) for a funeral.

Embalming is similar to mummification, which many ancient peoples did to dead bodies. Embalming is different from taxidermy, where only the skin is preserved.

Mummification

The oldest mummified corpses that have ever been found were mummified around 5000-6000 BCE. These corpses are called the Chinchorro mummies. These dead bodies were mummified by ancient people who lived in the Atacama desert, in what is now Chile and Peru.

The ancient Egyptians often mummified dead bodies. They started mummifying corpses as early as 3200 BCE. They believed that once a dead body was mummified, the body's soul could find its way back to the body and begin its journey to the afterlife.

Ancient embalming

Ancient cultures from Ethiopia, Peru, Tibet, and southern Nigeria also used embalming techniques. So did the Guanches, the Jivaro Indians, the Aztecs, the Toltecs, and the Mayans.

In ancient Europe, embalming dead bodies was less common. The earliest known preserved bodies in Europe are about 5000 years old. These bodies were covered in cinnabar to preserve them. They were found in Osorno, Spain. Embalming dead bodies was unusual in Europe up to the time of the Roman Empire.

Archaeologists have found preserved bodies in China from the time of the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 ACE). Nobody knows how these bodies were preserved.

The Middle Ages and Renaissance

By about 500 ACE, knowledge about preserving bodies had spread from ancient cultures, and embalming became much more common in Europe. This happened partly because science and medicine were developing, and scientists needed to dissect dead bodies to learn more about the human body. If bodies were not preserved, they would decay right away, and scientists could not dissect them or keep them for other scientists to learn from.

The 17th and 18th centuries

The English physician William Harvey created the modern method of embalming in the 17th century. This method involves injecting chemicals into a dead body's arteries to keep the body from decaying.

Up until the middle of the 18th century, embalming was used mostly in science and medicine. However, in the mid-18th century, the Scottish surgeon William Hunter used Harvey's methods to preserve bodies in morgues. His brother, John Hunter, was the first to advertise embalming to regular people who wanted to see their loved ones' bodies preserved after death.

The 19th century

In the 19th century, many people became more interested in embalming dead friends and relatives. For example, sometimes a person might want to be buried at a far-away place. However, first, the people who cared about them would want to see their body and pay their last respects to that person. They could do this if the body was embalmed, because the body would not decay.

In the United States, embalming became very common during the time of the Civil War. This happened because many people died far from home while fighting in the war. Their bodies needed to be returned home to be buried, and embalming kept their bodies from decaying during these long trips. When President Abraham Lincoln was killed, embalming allowed his body to be sent home to be buried. This made people in the United States more aware about embalming.

In the past, if a person died from an infectious disease, their body would be buried very quickly to prevent the disease from spreading. Embalming became more common as a way to keep diseases from spreading.

By the mid-19th century, people began to run businesses that provided funerals and burials. At that time, the people who ran these businesses were called undertakers. (Now they are called funeral directors.) These people began to use embalming methods regularly, instead of using older methods like packing bodies in ice.

Modern history

Until the early 20th century, arsenic was often used to embalm bodies. Eventually it was replaced by other chemicals that work better and are less poisonous. In 1867, the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann discovered formaldehyde. Scientists soon realized that this chemical worked very well to preserve dead bodies. Soon formaldehyde replaced other chemicals as the most common chemical used to embalm bodies.

Religious views about embalming

Different religions have many different ideas about embalming. For example, these religious usually allow embalming:

Some religions, like some Neopagan religions, discourage embalming, but do not forbid it.

Some religions say that embalming is never allowed. These religions include:

Related pages

Images for kids

William Hunter developed and popularized the modern technique of arterial embalming in the late 18th century.

Instruments used for embalming

Restoration tools, Museum of Funeral Customs

In Spanish: Embalsamamiento para niños

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The RMS Titanic was a British passenger ship. It was built by Harland and Wolff ship builders, in Belfast, for the White Star Line company. She sank during her first trip at sea. Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, more than 1,500 died, making it the deadliest sinking of a single ship up to that time.

Before she sailed, many people thought it would be almost impossible for ships of this design to sink.

Background

The name Titanic derives from the Titans of Greek mythology. Built in Belfast, Ireland, in what was then the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, RMS Titanic was the second of the three Olympic-class ocean liners-the first was RMS Olympic and the third was HMHS Britannic. Britannic was originally to be called Gigantic and was to be over 1,000 feet (300 m) long. They were by far the largest vessels of the British shipping company White Star Line's fleet, which comprised 29 steamers and tenders in 1912. The three ships had their genesis in a discussion in mid-1907 between the White Star Line's chairman, J. Bruce Ismay, and the American financier J. P. Morgan, who controlled the White Star Line's parent corporation, the International Mercantile Marine Co. (IMM).

The White Star Line faced an increasing challenge from its main rivals, Cunard-which had recently launched Lusitania and Mauretania, the fastest passenger ships then in service-and the German lines Hamburg America and Norddeutscher Lloyd. Ismay preferred to compete on size rather than speed and proposed to commission a new class of liners that would be larger than anything that had gone before, as well as being the last word in comfort and luxury. Thus, the Olympic and Titanic would replace RMS Teutonic of 1889, RMS Majestic of 1890 as well as RMS Adriatic of 1907. RMS Oceanic would remain on the route until the third new ship could be delivered. Majestic would be brought back into her old spot on White Star Line's New York service after Titanic's loss.

The ships were constructed by the Belfast shipbuilder Harland & Wolff. Cost considerations were a relatively low priority; Harland & Wolff were authorised to spend what it needed on the ships, plus a five percent profit margin. In the case of the Olympic-class ships, a cost of £3 million (approximately £310 million in 2019) for the first two ships was agreed plus "extras to contract" and the usual five percent fee.

On July 29, 1908, Harland and Wolff presented the drawings to J. Bruce Ismay and other White Star Line executives. Ismay approved the design and signed three "letters of agreement" two days later, authorising the start of construction. At this point, the first ship-which was later to become Olympic-had no name but was referred to simply as "Number 400", as it was Harland and Wolff's four-hundredth hull. Titanic was based on a revised version of the same design and was given the number 401.

Building and preparing the ship

The sheer size of Titanic and her sister ships posed a major engineering challenge for Harland and Wolff; no shipbuilder had ever before attempted to construct vessels this size. The ships were constructed on Queen's Island, now known as the Titanic Quarter, in Belfast Harbour. Harland and Wolff had to demolish three existing slipways and build two new ones, the largest ever constructed up to that time, to accommodate both ships. Their construction was facilitated by an enormous gantry built by Sir William Arrol & Co., a Scottish firm responsible for the building of the Forth Bridge and London's Tower Bridge. The Arrol Gantry stood 228 feet (69 m) high, was 270 feet (82 m) wide and 840 feet (260 m) long, and weighed more than 6,000 tons. It accommodated a number of mobile cranes. A separate floating crane, capable of lifting 200 tons, was brought in from Germany.

Titanic was launched at 12:15 pm on 31 May 1911 in the presence of Lord Pirrie, J. Pierpont Morgan, J. Bruce Ismay and 100,000 onlookers. Twenty-two tons of soap and tallow were spread on the slipway to lubricate the ship's passage into the River Lagan. In keeping with the White Star Line's traditional policy, the ship was not formally named or christened with champagne. The ship was towed to a fitting-out berth where, over the course of the next year, her engines, funnels and superstructure were installed and her interior was fitted out.

The work took longer than expected due to design changes requested by Ismay and a temporary pause in work occasioned by the need to repair Olympic, which had been in a collision in September 1911. Had Titanic been finished earlier, she might well have missed her collision with an iceberg.

At 11:40 PM on 14 April 1912, during the Titanic's first trip, she hit an iceberg in the Atlantic Ocean. The iceberg broke the Titanic's hull (bottom), letting water into the ship. The Titanic sank two hours and forty minutes later at 2:20 AM on 15 April.

As she sank, the Titanic split in two. The wreck killed over 1,500 people. Only around 705 people survived. It was one of the worst shipwrecks that was not during a war.

One reason why so many people died was that the ship did not have enough lifeboats for everyone on board. The Titanic had 20 lifeboats with room for 1,178 passengers, only a third of the number of passengers the ship could carry. It actually had more lifeboats than was needed by law (it needed 16 with room for 990 passengers). This was because the laws in the UK were out of date. They did not say that a ship needed enough lifeboats for all passengers. They only said that a ship weighing more than 10,000 tons needed 16 lifeboats (the Titanic weighed 46,000 tons). Furthermore, the White Star Line believed that the lifeboats on the Titanic would only be needed to take passengers a short distance to a rescue ship.

Other reasons why fewer than a third of those aboard the Titanic survived the disaster include:

There was no information. The ship didn't have an alarm system (like the common ones, where sirens could be sounded). This means that the crew had to tell each passenger to go and evacuate the ship. There was less crew for second and third class, and there were much more people.

People who paid less had no access to certain decks.

There was a clear separation between the classes. The passage between decks of different classes could be locked. This was especially a problem in the first phase of the evacuation. According to some survivors, some passages were not opened even when the ship started sinking.

Many people travelling in third class were foreigners. Their language skills were limited.

The radio was off on the SS Californian, the ship closest to the Titanic. The Californian crew did not hear about the accident.

The Titanic had flares but they were white. Back then (and still now), red meant emergency and other colors were used for identification (White=White Star Line). The Californian and other ships saw the flares but they didn't think of the flares as distress signals. Another ship, the SS Carpathia, did hear about the accident and collected all 705 survivors.

Higher class women and children were allowed on the lifeboats first, and passengers who sailed in first class (which meant that they paid for better rooms on the ship) were allowed on before other passengers. Few of the poorer people who had paid less (called second class and third class passengers) got out safely (only 3% of first-class women were lost while 54% of those in third-class died). The differences by gender were even bigger: nearly all female crew members, first- and second-class passengers were saved. Men from the First Class died at a higher rate than women from the Third Class. In total, 50% of the children survived, 20% of the men and 75% of the women.

Many of those who died didn't die because they couldn't leave the ship before it sank. They died of hypothermia, while they were floating in the cold water (which was only a bit over the freezing point at that time). Many lifeboats rowed away from those who were in the water shouting for help. The people in the lifeboats were afraid the lifeboat would capsize when people entered it from the water. Only lifeboat Number four returned to the shouting people in the water. Five people could be rescued, but two of them died in the lifeboat. Around 3 am ship's time, 40 minutes after the sinking, the last calls for help ceased. After three am, lifeboat number 14, commanded by Officer Harold Lowe returned. He could save another three people. He had emptied the lifeboat and let the people in the boat enter other boats beforehand.

The following table gives a listing of those who died and those who survived, grouped by age, gender and ships class. Children are those up to age 12. It is taken from a report to British Parliament of 1912. There are other lists, with slightly different numbers.

Last survivor

The last survivor of the 'Titanic disaster to die was a woman named Millvina Dean. She was the youngest passenger on board, as she was then a baby of only nine weeks old. She died in Ashhurst, Hampshire, England on 21 May 2009 aged 97.

Changes after the accident

The Titanic disaster changed many maritime ship laws. Because so many people died, authorities felt that laws should be put into place to make ship travel safer. Changes included requiring all ships to carry enough lifeboats for everyone on the ship, and emergency materials such as flares. Someone must be at the ship's radio all the time.

Alexander Brehm, a German physicist, was shocked when he heard about the disaster. He wanted to invent a technology that would be able to detect icebergs. He wasn't able to achieve that goal until his death, but he was granted patents relating to the measurement of the depth at sea, using sound. Today, this is known as echo sounding.

The wreck was found by a French and American team, led by Robert Ballard, on September 23, 1985 at 1:02 in the morning.

In 1986, Ballard returned to the wreck with a submarine. He took many photos and made lots of films.

In 1987, a French team salvaged 900 objects and took them to the surface.

The story of the sinking has been made into several movies. The most popular film version is a 1997 film starring Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio called . It won 11 Academy Awards, tying Ben-Hur for the record for the most Academy Awards won by one movie.

Other movie versions of the story include the 1958 film A Night to Remember, the 1953 film Titanic, the 1979 film S.O.S. Titanic and the 1996 movie Titanic.

In the 1980 film Raise the Titanic, salvagers raise the shipwreck from the bottom of the ocean to the surface. However, this is impossible to do in reality. The Titanic broke in two, and the wreck is partially stuck in the bottom, buried under more than three feet (1 m) of mud in some spots. The ship has been on the ocean floor for more than 100 years, and would shatter into many more pieces if disturbed. Worms and other animals have eaten away much of the wood and many other parts.

Images for kids

RMS Titanic leaving Belfast for her sea trials on 2 April 1912

The SS Californian, which had tried to warn Titanic of the danger from pack-ice

First Class Lounge of the Olympic which was almost identical to that of the Titanic, seen today as a dining room in the White Swan Hotel, Alnwick

The sinking, according to J. Thayer, sketched onboard Carpathia, based on his description

In Spanish: RMS Titanic para niños

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Titanic | The Story Lives On | Stories for Kids

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Run, sail, or hide? How to survive the destruction of Pompeii - Gary Devore