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what resources does russia trade with the world?

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what resources does russia trade with the world?

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According to Russian official sources, its goods exports totaled $492 billion in 2021, up 46% from 2020 (not adjusting for inflation) (Figure 2). Minerals, including oil and gas, accounted for almost 45% of these exports. Goods imports increased 27% to $294 billion in 2021.

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Kami needs full permissions to allow a seamless integration with Google Drive and the learning management system in use

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What happens to the refugees and will they be able to go back to Ukraine? -Diana

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What happens to the refugees and will they be able to go back to Ukraine? -Diana

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Refugees from Ukraine have found asylum in neighboring countries in Europe like Poland and Hungary and also here in the United States. While many countries have come to the aid of Ukraine, there are still certain things that make the journey even more difficult for the refugees like conflicts, lack of resources to keep moving, and hunger. With war still going on and cities all over Ukraine being destroyed, it will take years perhaps even decades to get those places back to how they were in order for people to go back.

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How are neighboring countries affected? - Layana

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How are neighboring countries affected? - Layana

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Many neighboring nations, like Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, the Republic of Moldova, Romania, and Slovakia, have had significant refugee migrations. Almost 8 million refugees have been relocated worldwide. Almost 1.5 million Ukrainian refugees now have protection thanks to Poland. Due to a severe drought and the disruption in the food supply brought on by the conflict in Ukraine, there is a potential famine in East Africa. Throughout the region, 21.7 million people lack access to enough food, and 1.5 million children are at risk of malnutrition that might be fatal. Somalia is ready to begin its sixth unsuccessful rainy season and is now experiencing its worst drought in 40 years.This, combined with the impact of decades of conflict, has made the country dangerously reliant on imported grains—specifically from Ukraine and Russia. About half of the population, or over 8 million people, will experience food insecurity at crisis levels by the middle of 2023 as a result of the looming famine in the nation. The conflict in Ukraine has driven up the cost of petroleum and wheat in the Middle East. Syrian refugees are among the most severely impacted since many lack the wages necessary to cope with the sharply rising cost of life. The nation was just also damaged by a strong 7.8 earthquake.

https://www.rescue.org/article/ukraine-war-what-are-impacts-world-today

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Over the weekend of August 12, IRC teams were among the first responders assisting people evacuated from the northeastern city of Kupyansk due to constant shelling of the civilian population. Learn more.
What is life like inside Ukraine?

Attacks on infrastructure

What is life like for those displaced by the war in Ukraine?

How many Ukrainian refugees are there?

Where have most Ukrainian refugees found protection?

What is life like for Ukrainian women and children fleeing the conflict?

Women forced to flee their homes also often struggle to access critical reproductive health care and pre and post-natal care, which are typically limited in crisis situations.

Children forced to flee Ukraine have had their lives uprooted, education interrupted and are in some cases have even been separated from their families.
One mother's story about fleeing Ukraine with her children
How does the war in Ukraine affect the rest of the world?

The war in Ukraine has an obvious impact on those within the country. Outside of Ukraine, the war also continues to have a major effect on the global markets and food supply. worsened a global hunger crisis, with catastrophic impacts throughout the world.

Why is Ukraine grain so important?

Ukraine is historically a large exporter of grain. In 2021, Ukrainian grain fed 400 million people around the world. For the first 5 months of the war, Ukraine was unable to export its grain through its primary shipping routes through the Black Sea.

Countries reliant on this grain suffered as a consequence. Several grain-receiving countries across the Middle East and Africa were already experiencing hunger crises due to conflict and climate change. The war in Ukraine made these hunger crises worse.

What countries are impacted by the war in Ukraine?

isexperiencing one of the worst droughts in recent decades, triggered by six consecutive

In the Middle East, the war in Ukraine has sent prices of wheat and fuel spiraling. Syrian refugees are among the hardest hit, as many do not have the incomes to cover the dramatically increased cost of living.

In Central America, prices for staple foods like white maize are well above the five-year average. Together with climate change and ongoing insecurity, nearly 13 million people across the region face growing hunger.

What is the Ukraine grain deal?

What needs to happen now?

World leaders must ensure that international humanitarian law is upheld and that humanitarian actors are protected and maintain access to help those in need.

The world must also continue to support both the people who fled Ukraine and the millions of refugees and displaced people worldwide. While there has rightly been an outpouring of global support for people fleeing Ukraine, equal empathy must be shown for refugees and displaced people in many other crises around the world including Afghanistan, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Yemen and Syria.

To address the hunger crises hitting East Africa and other regions, donors should urgently channel funding to front line responders who can reach those most in need and deliver the health programming, food and cash assistance, and clean water that people need to survive.

What is the IRC doing to help?

.
Learn more about the IRC's emergency response in Ukraine and Poland.
How can I help Ukraine?

Donate now: Your gift will help us continue to provide lifesaving support services to families whose lives are shattered by conflict and crises around the world.

*Name changed for privacy.

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Ukraine war: What are the impacts on the world today?

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The ripple effects of the war can be felt across the globe.

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How is Russia invading Ukraine, by what material or strategy is Russia using to invade Ukraine? - Denzel

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How is Russia invading Ukraine, by what material or strategy is Russia using to invade Ukraine? - Denzel

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The tactics that Russia is using to invade Ukraine is barrage fire, they are launching massive artillery strikes on Ukrainian positions that’s lasting several hours. In which this then clears the way for offensives such as armoured vechicles and infantry. In which, Russia is mainly using artillery strikes since Russia suffered a great amount of damage from trying to invade Ukraine by entering Ukraine in marching columns during the beginning of the War.

https://ecfr.eu/article/lessons-for-the-west-russias-military-in-Ukraine

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How will it impact the economy around the world? - Layana

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How will it impact the economy around the world? - Layana

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The war has affected many of the worlds food supply. Many low-income countries  experience a lot of food shortages. Ukraine and Russia account for about 1/3 of the world's wheat and 1/4 of the barley productions as well as 75% of the sunflower oil supply which are all critical ingredients for keeping humans fed. The combination of Russian sanctions, blocked Ukrainian ports, and the inability of Ukrainian farmers to work the fields is creating a perfect storm that requires governments and businesses to find new ways to collaborate to head off a humanitarian crisis, said Chris Mejía Argueta, director of the MIT SCALE Network in Latin America. On top of that, surging gas prices are increasing freight costs for all modes of transportation. The whole traggedy started a ripple effect, disrupting the flow of electronics, raw materials, and parts supplies emanating out of China and other locales has seriously impeded global trade positions, forcing companies to re calibrate and in some cases, wholly reconsider their long-standing supply chain and partner ecosystems.

https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/ripple-effects-russia-ukraine-war-test-global-economies#:~:text=The%20Russia%2DUkraine%20war%20is,MIT%20Center%20for%20Transportation%20and

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The Russia-Ukraine war is having an outsized impact on the global supply chain, impeding the flow of goods, fueling dramatic cost increases and product shortages, and creating catastrophic food shortages around the world, according to experts at a virtual symposium hosted by the MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics.

The upheaval to the supply and demand of goods is exacerbating the already untenable human toll of the conflict, which shows no signs of abating.

The February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine may have been the straw that broke the camel's back, but it was hardly the only contributing factor to the current global supply chain crisis, panelists at the symposium said. Significant supply chain disruptions started bubbling up during the heat of the trade wars in 2018 and 2019 and were pushed into new territory over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, continuing to this day.

While the main focus remains as it should on the tragedy of human loss and the destruction of Ukrainian territory, the Russian invasion has triggered sanctions and other obstacles that have hampered critical logistics and trade route operations.

The resulting ripple effects are threatening the supply of key food resources like wheat and raising the possibility of a global famine.

Simultaneously, disruption to the flow of electronics, raw materials, and parts supplies emanating out of China and other locales has seriously impeded global trade positions, forcing companies to recalibrate and in some cases, wholly reconsider their long-standing supply chain and partner ecosystems.

"Supply chain managers need to think carefully about opportunities and risk when looking for new sources while considering how to coordinate the change from one source or mode to another," said Joachim Arts, a CTL research affiliate and associate professor at the Luxembourg Center for Logistics and Supply Chain Management. "If it isn't coordinated carefully, it could lead to all kinds of bullwhip effects throughout global supply chains."

Food supply in crisis

One of the most alarming supply chain issues resulting from the Russia-Ukraine war is food shortages, particularly acute in low-income countries in Africa. Ukraine and Russia account for about a third of the world's wheat and a quarter of barley production, not to mention some 75% of the sunflower oil supply - all critical commodities for keeping humans fed.

The combination of Russian sanctions, blocked Ukrainian ports, and the inability of Ukrainian farmers to work the fields is creating a perfect storm that requires governments and businesses to find new ways to collaborate to head off a humanitarian crisis, said Chris Mejía Argueta, director of the MIT SCALE Network in Latin America. In fact, Russia's blockade of Ukrainian ports is considered so damaging that EU Foreign Policy Chief Josep Borrell recently dubbed it a war crime.

"If we have a scarcity of the most common commodities around the world, coupled with climate change issues, that's when we need to start changing our mindset and find ways to collaborate with each other to make a difference," Mejía Argueta said.

That reset entails establishing alternative suppliers, forging public-private partnerships, and leveraging advanced analytics to forecast food waste and identify opportunities to divert resources to shore up global food supplies, he added.

China - Europe routes disrupted

The state of transportation routes connecting China with Europe is another casualty of the Russian invasion. Surging gas prices are increasing freight costs for all modes of transportation. The train route connecting the regions, which became highly competitive during the height of COVID-19, especially for industries valuing shorter lead times such as automotive and electronics, is now stalled. This is especially true for the primary corridor that traverses Russia, Belarus, and Poland before continuing on to Germany, France, and other European countries.

"If you shifted your product allocation [during the pandemic], you can't just reverse that decision, [which has] caused a lot of trouble in the automotive industry," said Pascal Wolff, an assistant professor at the SCALE Network's Ningbo China Institute for Supply Chain Innovation. While some companies are redirecting product traffic to an alternative train route, most are shifting back to ocean freight mode, he said, which takes more time to get goods to market.

Supply chain makeovers all but inevitable

Given the hurdles, the panelists contended now is as good a time as any to reevaluate supply chain positions and make adjustments. They offered the following suggestions:

Consider alternative sourcing. With governments and businesses no longer able to depend on traditional suppliers, now is the time to either diversify partners or find alternative sourcing modes. While changes are necessary, there are ramifications. "When you change suppliers or change your supply mode, your lead time might increase, and when your lead time increases, there will be temporary shortages," Arts said.

Capitalize on new opportunities. For entrepreneurs, there's an opportunity to fill the gaps created by the volatility, creating new business models and potentially improving the lives of others.

Companies need to start collaborating through trade coalitions and other joint partnerships to increase capacity, Mejía Argueta said; when possible, they should transition from global to a localized set of suppliers, although that's not always possible or optimal, the panelists acknowledged. "If you know you need to collaborate with others in order to increase capacity, start doing it," Mejía Argueta said. "It's important to start working, not in silos."

Understand that quantitative approaches can help, but there are challenges. While modeling can help optimize supply chain changes, there are limits to this approach. Most supply chain models assume a steady state, which is not applicable for redesigning something that is in transition. "Decision makers should move to systems thinking and have multiple objectives and KPIs in mind when designing supply chain networks," Wolff said.

Accept that this is the new normal. Planning can only get you so far in a world order that continues to be in constant flux. Therefore, the key to sustaining growth in uncertain times is developing best-in-class agile competencies. "You can't plan for everything," Wolff said. "Few saw this war coming or anticipated the pandemic. It's hard, but enterprises need to work on becoming agile organizations."
Read next: The role of social media in the Russia-Ukraine war

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Ripple effects from Russia-Ukraine war test global economies | MIT Sloan

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The Russia-Ukraine war is having an outsized impact on the global supply chain, impeding the flow of goods, fueling dramatic cost increases and product shortages, and creating catastrophic food shortages around the world, according to experts at a virtual symposium hosted by the MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics.

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The War in Ukraine has caused severe damage to the country's infrastructure causing there to be power-outages, scarce water, and hunger. Children can no longer attend school because they are more worried about fulfilling their vital needs rather than their education. Young people are burdened with the responsibility of having to take care of the younger and older generations because they are the most agile. Nobody can seem to get out of the struggle because everything has affected everything.

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How was it like to be a Ukrainian living through this war? - Denzel

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How was it like to be a Ukrainian living through this war? - Denzel

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During the beginning of the war, not many Ukrainians were taking as much action, although that was until people came to a realization that Russia was really trying to invade Ukrain. In which, the Ukrainians didn’t really ask for help from the others , as stated from a British photographer “what I found most remarkable is the resilience of the people there.” Although, it was very difficult for the Ukrainians to move from one place to another since Russians were taking action and it was difficult to move around Ukraine.

newyorker.com/magazine/2022/03/07in-Ukraine-daily-life-in-the-face-of-war

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The financial aspect and economy impacted by the war?

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The financial aspect and economy impacted by the war?

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"Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has triggered one of the biggest human displacement crises and exacted a heavy toll on human and economic life,” said Anna Bjerde, World Bank Vice President for the Europe and Central Asia region. “Ukraine continues to need enormous financial support as the war needlessly rages on as well as for recovery and reconstruction projects that could be quickly initiated."

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WASHINGTON, October 4, 2022 - The ongoing war in Ukraine has dimmed prospects of a post-pandemic economic recovery for emerging and developing economies in the Europe and Central Asia region, says the World Bank's Economic Update for the region, released today.

Economic activity will remain deeply depressed through next year, with minimal growth of 0.3% expected in 2023, as energy price shocks continue to impact the region. So far, however, the region has weathered the storm of Russia's invasion of Ukraine better than previously forecast. Regional output is now expected to contract by 0.2% this year, reflecting above expectation growth in some of the region's largest economies and the prudent extension of pandemic-era stimulus programs by some governments.

Ukraine's economy is now projected to contract by 35% this year although economic activity is scarred by the destruction of productive capacity, damage to agricultural land, and reduced labor supply as more than 14 million people are estimated to have been displaced. According to recent World Bank estimates, recovery and reconstruction needs across social, productive, and infrastructure sectors total at least $349 billion, which is more than 1.5 times the size of Ukraine's pre-war economy in 2021.

"Russia's invasion of Ukraine has triggered one of the biggest human displacement crises and exacted a heavy toll on human and economic life," said Anna Bjerde, World Bank Vice President for the Europe and Central Asia region. "Ukraine continues to need enormous financial support as the war needlessly rages on as well as for recovery and reconstruction projects that could be quickly initiated."

The global economy continues to be weakened by the war through significant disruptions in trade and food and fuel price shocks, all of which are contributing to high inflation and subsequent tightening in global financing conditions. Activity in the euro area, the largest economic partner for emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) of Europe and Central Asia, has deteriorated markedly in the second half of 2022, due to distressed supply chains, increased financial strains and declines in consumer and business confidence. The most damaging effects of the invasion, however, are surging energy prices amid large reductions in Russian energy supply.

Downgrades to growth forecasts for 2023 are broad-based across EMDEs in Europe and Central Asia as the regional outlook is subject to considerable uncertainty. Prolonged or intensified war could cause significantly larger economic and environmental damage and greater potential for fragmentation of international trade and investment. The risk of financial stress also remains elevated, given high debt levels and inflation.

A supplement to the report examines the impact of the energy crisis. While global prices for oil, gas and coal have been rising since early 2021, they skyrocketed after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, sending inflation to levels not seen for decades in the region. This unprecedented crisis has implications for consumers and Governments alike - constraining fiscal affordability; firm productivity; and household welfare.

Hardest hit will be countries with medium to high reliance on natural gas imports for heating (which accounts for 30% of energy demand), industry, or electricity, as well as countries closely connected with EU energy markets. These countries must prepare for gas shortages and put in place emergency plans to mitigate the worst impacts on households and firms, including saving energy, boosting energy efficiency, and implementing quota/rationing plans. Behavior change campaigns that focus on heating efficiency in homes and buildings, such as resealing windows and adding insulation, require relatively minimal investment and have immediate impacts.

"The overlapping crises of the war in Ukraine, the ongoing pandemic and the surge in food and fuel prices are painful reminders that governments need to be prepared to manage massive, unexpected shocks that unravel very quickly," said Ms. Bjerde. "Social protection systems, which are the bedrock of anti-poverty efforts, need to be modernized to make them effective in the face of shocks as well as longer-term challenges."

The report also includes a special focus on the region's social protection systems, which have played a critical role in supporting households and businesses during the pandemic and, more recently, from the fallout of the war in Ukraine.

The region's pandemic response comprised two broad types of policy instruments: income protection measures and job protection measures. The report assesses the effectiveness of these measures in promoting economic growth, reducing poverty, and preserving jobs. It finds that, in the short run, higher spending on job protection measures was associated with higher employment and less poverty. However, the effect of these measures on growth is less clear.

These lessons from the pandemic are instructive for policymakers in making social protections systems adaptive and inclusive to effectively address both short-term shocks to the economy, and the longer term trends which are transforming labor markets, including globalization, demographic trends, technological innovation, and the impacts of climate change and climate action.

Policy interventions to building social protection systems for the future can include a combination of (i) guaranteed minimum income support designed to protect individuals and households from adverse shocks, (ii) regulatory reforms that gradually remove restrictions on firms' hiring and dismissal practices, and ultimately support the creation of formal jobs in the private sector and a reduction in informality; (iii) enhanced coverage of and protection for vulnerable groups; and (iv) digitalization for improved quality and quantity of services provision.

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Russian Invasion of Ukraine Impedes Post-Pandemic Economic Recovery in Emerging Europe and Central Asia

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WASHINGTON, October 4, 2022 - The ongoing war in Ukraine has dimmed prospects of a post-pandemic economic recovery for emerging and developing economies in the Europe and Central Asia region, says the World Bank's Economic Update for the region, released today.

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How is Ukraine fighting back and by what means?

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How is Ukraine fighting back and by what means?

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Ukraine is fighting off Russian aircraft by using missiles to launch at incoming threats. Russia was expected to destroy the Ukraine Air Force within days but was met with a powerful force on Ukraine's end.

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KYIV, Ukraine - There are two important things to know about military trenches. First, you'll never find a soldier who likes to dig one. Second, the deeper they are, the safer they are.

"Digging a hole is not fun," said Stefan Korshak, an American who knows the Ukrainian military well. He's been living in Ukraine for 25 years and covers the war for the .

"Their army has developed the discipline to make the soldiers dig holes, the moment they stop, wherever they are, anytime they could potentially be hit by Russian artillery. And that saves lives," said Korshak.

When Russia invaded Ukraine back in 2014, Ukraine's army was simply outmatched. Since then, Ukraine has had to figure out creative ways to defend itself and fight back, from low-tech to high-tech.

You could call them 'war hacks.' And many seem to be working.

Retired U.S. Army Lt. Gen. Ben Hodges has seen Ukraine's military improve first-hand. He became the commander of U.S. Army Europe shortly after that first Russian incursion.

As American troops helped train the Ukrainians, he was immediately struck by their tech savvy when the U.S. provided radar equipment that detected incoming Russian artillery fire.

"I quickly discovered that radar is better than I realized," said Hodges. "The Ukrainians took it and were able to use it in ways that I did not know were possible. And it's not just the technical part, but it's also the tactical, how they employed it."

He continued to be impressed by Ukrainian ingenuity in the years that followed.

"Then I saw where they were creating their own drones with a combination of military and off-the-shelf stuff," Hodges said in an interview from Germany, where he's now with the Center for European Policy Analysis.

In the current fighting, the Ukrainians are receiving U.S. and Turkish drones that have proved highly effective against Russian armor and troops.

Meanwhile, Ukrainian artillery units are using a network of computer tablets on the battlefield. This allows them to better coordinate their attacks on the Russians.

The previously outgunned Ukrainians now have huge howitzers recently delivered by the U.S., which has helped level the field to some extent. The Americans are also providing a week-long crash course in how to use them, having trained a couple hundred Ukrainian soldiers in recent weeks.

"I'm not surprised that they are doing very well getting new equipment, and how quickly they're able to learn to use it," said Hodges.

In the air war, Russia has far more fighter jets, which are a generation more advanced than the aging, Soviet-era MiG planes the Ukrainians are flying. Ukraine also has limited air defenses on the ground.

Russia was expected to destroy the Ukrainian air force within days. Instead, Ukraine says it's shot down 200 Russian aircraft. The Ukrainians have used shoulder-held Stinger missiles to take down low-flying helicopters, and the S-300 surface-to-air missile system to take down higher flying aircraft.

As a result, Russian pilots are often firing their missiles long distance - from the skies over Russia or the Black Sea - rather than venturing into Ukrainian air space.

"Our planes can't stand up technologically. It's obvious what the results of dogfights would be," said Lt. Col. Yuriy Ignat, spokesman for Ukraine's Air Force. "So we have to use what we have with maximal effectiveness. There's no alternative but to preserve our equipment and the lives of our pilots."

Russia was also expected to dominate the information war. Yet Ukraine has often been a step ahead. It cut off Russian-based cell phones that the Russians brought them into the country.

"You don't just switch off the roaming from a country, another country, overnight," said Cathal Mc Daid, an expert on mobile phone security with Adaptive Mobile Security in Ireland, who is closely monitoring the war. "You know, there's planning, a lot of planning. Feasibility planning goes in beforehand."

A very good article from the head of the SSSCIP on Ukraine's #Mobilenetwork response. Interestingly he also stated that blocking of all phone calls from #Ukraine to Russia is *not* in place, in order to monitor these conversations. We have updated our blog to reflect this https://t.co/G2TvbJgeor
- Cathal Mc Daid (@mcdaidc) April 4, 2022

When the Russians started stealing Ukrainian cell phones, Ukrainian citizens reported the thefts. This allowed the Ukrainian officials to quietly listen in on the calls the Russians made on those stolen phones.

The Ukrainians, Mc Daid said, have learned many tricks from battling the Russians.

"I saw a great comment. You say 'an army marches on its stomach,' and somebody responded with a tweet saying, 'what an army now seems to march on is its mobile networks,'" said Mc Daid.

And, in the case of Ukraine, its ingenuity.

Greg Myre is an NPR national security correspondent. Follow him .

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War hacks: How outgunned Ukraine finds ways to counter Russia

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KYIV, Ukraine - There are two important things to know about military trenches. First, you'll never find a soldier who likes to dig one. Second, the deeper they are, the safer they are. "Digging a hole is not fun," said Stefan Korshak, an American who knows the Ukrainian military well.