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King’s theory emphasizes the importance of communication and mutual goal setting between nurse and patient. She views individuals as part of three interacting systems—personal, interpersonal, and social—and believes that health is achieved when both parties work together through purposeful transactions. In practice, this means nurses actively listen, clarify goals, and help patients make informed decisions. It’s especially useful in settings where collaboration and patient empowerment are key, like chronic illness management or health education.

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Neuman’s model focuses on maintaining system stability by identifying and managing stressors. She sees the patient as a whole system surrounded by lines of defense and resistance, which protect the core from intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal stress. Nurses using this model assess where stress is coming from and intervene at three levels—primary (preventing stress), secondary (treating symptoms), and tertiary (supporting recovery). This theory is highly applicable in community health, where prevention and holistic care are essential.

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Johnson’s theory views the patient as a behavioral system made up of seven subsystems: attachment, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual, aggressive, and achievement. Each subsystem has a function, and illness or stress can disrupt their balance. Nurses assess which subsystems are affected and intervene to restore equilibrium. This model is especially helpful in understanding behavioral patterns and designing care plans that support emotional and psychological well-being, such as in mental health or long-term care settings.

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In today’s fast-paced and complex communities, Betty Neuman’s Systems Model is especially relevant. Community health nurses often work with individuals facing multiple stressors, poverty, chronic illness, family conflict, and environmental challenges. Neuman’s model helps nurses see the whole picture, not just the symptoms. By identifying stressors and strengthening lines of defense, nurses can prevent illness, support recovery, and promote long-term stability. The model’s emphasis on primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention aligns perfectly with public health goals, making it a powerful tool for building healthier communities.