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The 1960 Valdivia earthquake and tsunami or the Great Chilean earthquake occurred on 22 May 1960.The catastrophic megathrust earthquake struck on 22 Chile and generating a deadly tsunami that affected the entire Pacific Ocean.  Most studies have placed it at 9.4–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale, making it the strongest earthquake ever recorded, while some studies have placed the magnitude lower than 9.4.

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The U-2 Incident of 1960 happened on May 1st when an American U-2 spy plane, piloted by Francis Gary Powers, was shot down over Soviet airspace. This incident exposed a failed U.S. cover story, leading to Powers' capture and a failed Paris Summit, significantly escalating Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.The incident heightened Cold War tensions, causing a major diplomatic embarrassment for the United States.

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1960 is known as the "Year of Africa" because it was a pivotal year in the decolonization of the continent, with 17 African (which are Cameroon, Togo, Madagascar, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, Benin (then Dahomey), Niger, Burkina Faso (then Upper Volta), Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire), Chad, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, Senegal, Mali, and Mauritania. )nations gaining their independence from colonial rule, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. This wave of independence was driven by widespread unrest and the efforts of African leaders, marking a turning point in the fight for self-determination and strengthening Pan-Africanism.The passing of Resolution 1514 by the UN General Assembly on December 14, 1960, was a significant diplomatic victory, providing a moral and legal basis for future independence movements and decolonization efforts.

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OPEC, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, was formed on September 14, 1960, by a conference in Baghdad, Iraq, to counter the dominance of international oil companies, known as the "Seven Sisters".These companies often lowered oil prices, which reduced the income for oil-producing countries. The founding members were Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. OPEC's primary goals were to coordinate and unify petroleum policies, protect member interests, and secure stable prices and fair revenues for their oil reserves.

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Oil-producing nations united to protect their interests, creating OPEC in 1960. The organisation has three main objectives: to coordinate oil policies among member countries; to ensure an efficient and stable oil supply; and to provide steady revenue for oil producers.

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Africa did not gain independence all at once, but rather through a gradual process of decolonization that peaked in the 1960's

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It caused massive damage and landslides in Chile, leaving two million people homeless. The earthquake also triggered a destructive tsunami that traveled across the Pacific Ocean, causing casualties and destruction in Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, and other coastal areas around the Pacific Rim.

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The U-2, built of aluminum and limited to subsonic flight, can cruise for many hours above 70,000 feet (21,000 metres) with a payload weighing as much as 3,000 pounds (1,350 kg). Its exact operational specifications are secret.