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22/6/1774

Expanded Quebec’s territory and protected French Canadians’ religion and civil law, angering English colonists and fueling tensions before the American Revolution

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Upper/Lower Canada Rebellions and the Lord Durham Report

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Upper/Lower Canada Rebellions and the Lord Durham Report

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1839

Rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada against colonial rule; Durham’s 1839 report urged responsible government and union

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2/2/1848

First British colony with responsible government—an elected assembly controlling the executive, marking a step toward democracy in British North America

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8/3/1867

Formed the Dominion of Canada (Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick) with a federal system, while Britain kept control of foreign policy

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12/4/1876

Placed First Nations under federal control—reserves, status, and policies—entrenching assimilation and limiting Indigenous rights

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Women Granted Right to Vote in Federal Elections

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Women Granted Right to Vote in Federal Elections

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24/5/1918

Granted most Canadian women federal voting rights, though many Indigenous and racialized women remained excluded for decades

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11/12/1931

Gave Canada and other Dominions legislative independence, though Britain still amended Canada’s constitution when requested

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1/1/1947

Created a distinct Canadian citizenship, ending Canadians’ status as solely “British subjects.”

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4/8/1960

A federal law recognizing certain rights and freedoms, but limited since it was not constitutional

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9/7/1969

Declared English and French Canada’s official languages, guaranteeing federal bilingualism

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8/3/1982

Ended Britain’s power to legislate for Canada, fully patriating the Constitution

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17/4/1982

Enshrined rights and freedoms in the Constitution, empowering courts to strike down violating laws