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The Portuguese, Dutch, and English maritime empires heavily contributed to the Spice trade because they developed new maritime trade routes to Asia. These trade routes allowed for cheap and easy access to spices that could be sold at a high price. The Ottoman Empire also forced Europe to find new trade routes, by blocking most trade via land.

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Ottoman Empire and the Spice Routes in the 16th Century | Silk Roads Programme

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The middle decades of the 16th century saw the revival of the spice trade routes through the Red Sea and the Gulf. It was also a time that Portugal built up its eastern empire with considerable speed, using their naval power to occupy strategic points and gain control of the Indian Ocean. Portugal was able to monopolise the stream of merchandise from Asia by blockading the entrance to the Red Sea and the Gulf and diverting supplies via the Cape of Good instead of via the Mediterranean.

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The main resources traded were rare spices such as cinnamon, nutmeg, turmeric, and cloves. These resources were important because they could only be found in certain regions. Horses and things made of glass were also traded occasionally.

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This route spread; religion, scientific knowledge, medical knowledge, and navigational technology.  The spice routes drove the creation of faster ships, aroused colonization's, and connected diplomacy between the East and the West.

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Coastal empires in Europe especially benefited from the spice trade because they gained easy access to spice producers, and were able to uncharge on their exports of spices.

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Many societies were harmed by colonization brought on by the spice trade, and the sickness that came with it. Trade routes like this were some of the first examples of large scale globalization.

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Source 1: Source 1

Source 2: Source 2

Source 3: Britannica

Source 4 (Ottoman Empire): Effects on spice trade

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