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-Vaccinations (Gardisil)

-Using protection if sexually active

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Currently, there is no specific treatment for HPV. For 90% of cases, the virus goes away by itself within 2 years, but in severe cases where the HPV has caused abnormal cell changes there are treatments that are used:

Cryotherapy :This involves freezing the abnormal cells with liquid nitrogen.

LEEP or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure : The abnormal cells are removed with an electrical current.

Electrocautery : burning off the warts with an electrical current

Laser therapy :using an intense light to destroy the warts and any abnormal cells

Prescription cream : applying medicated cream directly to the warts

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"WORD on HPV" is an educational animated short story recently produced by WORD (Women's Oncology Research & Dialogue). The goal of this animated piece is to raise awareness of HPV infection, prevention, and it's connection to cervical cancer. To find out how this piece and it's message, go to WORDonHPV.org.

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http://www.austincc.edu/microbio/2704w/hpv1.htm

http://www.bristol.ac.uk/biochemistry/gaston/HPV/hpv_information.htm

http://maptest.rutgers.edu/drupal/?q=node/444

http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm

http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/hpv-genital-warts/hpv-treatment-is-there-hpv-cure

http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/facts/humanpapillomavirus.htm

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This type of papillomavirus can only infect humans, hence the term "human" in the name of the virus.

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HPV infects the epithelial cells of skin and mucosa. The epithelial surfaces include all areas covered by skin and/or mucosa such as the mouth, throat, tongue, tonsils, vagina, penis, and anus.

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-The HPV virus is an animal virus that is part of the Papovavirus class/family. It consists of double-stranded DNA and and its virus capsid is not enveloped, and is round with icosahedral symmetry.

-The capsid consists of 72 capsomeres and each capsomere is made up of 2 viral proteins, L1 and L2.

-DNA codes for 8 proteins (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7, L1, L2)

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-Skin to Skin Contact

-Sexual Intercourse

-Oral sex

-On rare occasions, it may be passed from the mother to her baby during delivery

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Common Name of Disease(s) the Virus Can Cause

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Common Name of Disease(s) the Virus Can Cause

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-Cervical Cancer

-Genital Warts

-Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP)

-Oropharyngeal cancer

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In many cases, HPV doesn't produce any symptoms. Sometimes there are genital warts. The infection can take years to show itself because the virus can hide itself as a chromosome in the nucleus and wait for the perfect time to strike.

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Upon entering the host body, the virus sheds it’s protein coat and the double stranded DNA infects cellular nuclei. The oncogenic genes E6 and E7 are the first to be expressed after infection. E6 and E7 inhibit normal cellular apoptosis and inhibit cell growth regulation. The cells divide and differentiate, carrying the HPV DNA with them. As the infected cells differentiate, the E1, 2, 4 and 5 genes are expressed. As cells continue to replicate, newly created cells underneath continue the push outward. At this stage the final two structural genes are expressed, L1 and L2. When the viral particles reach the epidermis layer of the skin, now fully enclosed in a capsid, can shed off and is able to spread to a new host.