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The Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, ended World War I but laid the groundwork for World War II. This treaty imposed heavy reparations on Germany, leading to economic hardship and national resentment. The harsh terms and the humiliation felt by the German people contributed significantly to the rise of Nazism and Adolf Hitler's push for expansion.

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The interwar period saw the rise of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy, and Japan, driven by economic turmoil and political instability. Leaders like Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and the militarists in Japan exploited these conditions, promoting aggressive nationalism and territorial expansion as a means to unite and strengthen their nations. 

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On December 7, 1941, Japan launched a surprise military strike against the United States at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This attack led the US to formally enter World War II, marking a pivotal turn in the conflict. The assault aimed at crippling the US Pacific Fleet but ultimately galvanized American forces, leading to Japan's eventual defeat. 

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June 6, 1944, known as D-Day, saw the Allied forces launch a massive beach assault against German forces on the coast of Normandy, France. This operation marked the beginning of the end for Nazi Germany, as it paved the way for Allied troops to advance into German-occupied territory, leading to the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control.

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As the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during World War II, Winston Churchill became a symbol of determined resistance against the Axis powers. His leadership and stirring oratory skills rallied the British people during the darkest times, notably during the Battle of Britain.

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Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Nazi Germany, was the central figure behind the start of World War II and the Holocaust. His aggressive foreign policy and ideology of Aryan supremacy led to massive devastation across Europe, ultimately resulting in his downfall and Germany's defeat.

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The Holocaust was a genocide during World War II in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered six million Jews, along with millions of others considered undesirable. This atrocity highlighted the need for international human rights protections and led to the establishment of the United Nations.

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In the aftermath of World War II, the international community formed the United Nations in 1945, aiming to prevent future conflicts and foster a spirit of cooperation among nations. The UN's creation marked a significant move towards global governance and international law.