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Each team's task involves digitizing cultural elements and processing them through artificial intelligence technologies. These tasks allow students to both develop their technological skills and gain a deeper understanding of their own and other cultures.

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Team 1: Cultural Writings and Narratives

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Team 1: Cultural Writings and Narratives

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Task: The team collects local myths, legends, and stories and converts them into digital storytelling formats.

AI Usage: Use natural language processing tools to translate and analyze the emotions in the stories.

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Team 2: Local Festivals and Celebrations

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Team 2: Local Festivals and Celebrations

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Task: Gather videos, photos, and descriptions of local festivals and celebrations.

AI Usage: Use visual recognition technologies to identify and tag objects and activities in photos and videos.

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DALL·E 2024-04-29 01.38.06 - A vibrant scene of a local festival with people in traditional costumes, dancing and playing music, colorful decorations in the background, representi

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Task: Prepare videos showcasing local music and dance genres.

AI Usage: Use sound recognition and analysis tools to analyze the instruments and rhythms in the music.

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Task: Compile local recipes and cooking videos.

AI Usage: Use image recognition technologies to identify ingredients and processes used during cooking.

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DALL·E 2024-04-29 01.39.57 - A kitchen scene showcasing a chef preparing a traditional dish, surrounded by various ingredients and culinary tools, with a computer screen displayin

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Team 5: Traditional Clothing and Handicrafts

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Team 5: Traditional Clothing and Handicrafts

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Task: Collect information about traditional garments and handicrafts and present them in digital format.

AI Usage: Use advanced visual recognition systems to analyze patterns and colors in the garments.

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Team 6: Art Creation with Artificial Intelligence

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Team 6: Art Creation with Artificial Intelligence

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Task: Create artworks using AI-supported tools. For example, tools like DeepArt or similar online platforms can recreate uploaded photographs in the styles of famous artworks.

AI Usage: Use image-based AI tools to transform original visuals provided by students into artworks.

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DALL·E 2024-04-29 01.41.44 - An artist's studio with a digital canvas displaying a transformation of a traditional photo into a famous painting style using AI, various art tools s

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Some of the numerous tribal crafts manufactured in India include: Antiques, Art, Baskets, Paper Mache, Ceramics, Clock Making, Embroidery, Block Printing, Decorative Painting, Glass Work, Fabric, Furniture, Gifts, Home Décor, Jewellery, Leather Crafts, Metal Crafts, Paper Crafts, Pottery, Puppets, Stone and Wood Works.

Is slow fashion going to save traditional handicrafts?

Fortunately, real connoisseurs know how to appreciate the work. Slow fashion is gaining ground and an increasing group of consumers are opting for quality and sustainability. As a result, the ladies still receive a fair price for their labor. This is important because in some areas the family’s income is partly made up of the sale of fabrics.

The detail has no secrets

Since we know how our scarves are made thread by thread and how much work goes into making a fabric, we appreciate the detail of fabrics more and more. That detail tells its own story. In it you can see how experienced a weaver is. How evenly she has distributed her forces and how consistent is the pattern she has followed.Sometimes you see how she dyed the yarn. She often uses plants, flowers, bark, etc. as a dye, which she collects in nature near her home. She also got her painting techniques from previous generations. When you realize this, you look differently. The fabric becomes even more beautiful and valuable. If you look closely you can see the art of weaving.

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invideo-ai-720 Groove with Local Beats_ A Journey throu 2024-04-30 (1)

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Özlem SAĞLAM, MAFEN, TEAM 5 - Turkish Traditional Garmets and Handicrafts

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Özlem SAĞLAM, MAFEN, TEAM 5 - Turkish Traditional Garmets and Handicrafts

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Some traditional Turkish handicrafts include; carpet-making, rug-making, cloth-weaving, writing, tile-making, ceramics and pottery, embroidery, leather manufacture, musical instrument-making, masonry, copper work, basket-making, saddle-making, felt-making, weaving, woodwork, cart-making, ebru etc.

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Team 5 - Turkish Traditional Handicrafts 720p sonnn (2)

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Free AI-Powered Text to Video Generator, Creator & Editor

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Designs.ai: Create high quality videos like a pro with our AI-powered text to video generator & editor. Integrate with Chat GPT. Start creating videos online for free!

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The Grožđebal in Vršac is a traditional tourist-economic manifestation that takes place every year during the grape harvest, usually on the third weekend in September. This manifestation is one of the oldest in Serbia dedicated to grapes and wine and lasts four days.The first day of Grožđebal is an introduction to the three-day events that include concerts, exhibitions, competitions and sightseeing in Vršac and its surroundings. An exhibition dedicated to grapes and wine is organized in the Town Hall, while a carnival is held in the central streets of the city. Visitors can enjoy the smell of sausages that are traditionally baked and the wine that is drunk at almost every step, accompanied by tambourines.Famous musicians perform on the main stage every evening, and various competitions are organized for sports fans. Also, a competition for Miss vintage and a masquerade for the youngest visitors is organized. Among the most attractive events are „Grapes from the Airplane“, when grapes symbolically fall from the sky, and a wine-drinking competition.„Wine Route“ is a special part of Grožđebal where you can visit wine cellars with wine tasting. TheVršac vineyard has been known for growing vines since the time of the Dacians and the Romans, and today white grape varieties such as Kreaca (Banat Riesling), Župljanka, Smederevka, Shasla Bela and Rkaciteli dominate. The winery „Vršački vinogradi“ is one of the most famous in the region, and besides it there are 15 other small wineries that make quality wines.Grožđebal in Vršac is an ideal opportunity to revive all the senses, get to know the tourist attractions of Vršac, enjoy the slopes of the Vršac mountains and learn more about the best quality Serbian wines.

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Here are a few traditional Romanian recipes:

1. Sarmale: Cabbage rolls stuffed with a mixture of minced meat (usually pork), rice, onions, and spices, cooked in a savory tomato sauce.

2. Mămăligă: A traditional Romanian cornmeal porridge, similar to polenta, served as a side dish with various stews, sauces, or cheese.

3. Ciorbă de burtă: Tripe soup made with sour cream, garlic, and vinegar, seasoned with herbs and sometimes hot peppers for extra flavor.

4. Mici: Grilled ground meat rolls, usually made from a mixture of pork, beef, and lamb, seasoned with garlic, paprika, and other spices, served with mustard and bread.

5. Cozonac: A sweet bread similar to brioche, typically filled with walnuts, poppy seeds, cocoa, or Turkish delight, and often enjoyed during holidays and celebrations.

6. Mucenici: Pastries shaped like the number 8, traditionally made on the 9th of March to celebrate the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste. They're boiled and then baked or fried, flavored with honey, walnuts, and cinnamon.

7. Salam de biscuiti: A no-bake cake made from crushed biscuits (usually tea biscuits or graham crackers), cocoa powder, butter, and sometimes rum, shaped into a log and coated with chocolate or powdered sugar.

These are just a few examples of the rich and diverse cuisine of Romania, known for its hearty dishes and flavorful ingredients.

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The Cotoşman Forest connects two important communes in Vâlcea County, Popeşti and Roeşti, and during the summer it is one of the places frequented by those eager for relaxation, greenery, and barbecues, especially since the nearby Luncavăţ River flows. Over time, countless legends have been told about the forest belonging to the commune of Popeşti. The elders used to tell that one of Romania's famous outlaws, Jancu Jianu, used to stay at Cotoşman with his gang. Another legend says that a band of outlaws took refuge for many years in the Cotoşman Forest and used to rob the wealthy travelers passing through with their carts. One night they robbed a delegation returning from a wedding, and as a result of the ambush, the bride was killed. Since then, the locals say, the ghost of the bride appears to drivers on full moon nights: "She's not violent, just appears from time to time and laments her cruel fate." "Among us drivers, all sorts of stories circulate, not just about Cotoşman, about several places. We tend to scare each other when we have to travel at night. I can say that I once picked up someone for a ride, exactly at the intersection leading to Roeşti, when I was working for a distribution company in Vâlcea. It was a woman dressed in white. She asked me to drop her off right in the middle of the road that crosses Cotoşman. Just as it was getting dark. Honestly, I got goosebumps and started shaking, I didn't even get to ask her why she wanted to stay there. I looked in the rearview mirror after she got out and I didn't see her anymore. I don't know if it was an optical illusion or if I was too scared to concentrate." tells a local. A few years ago, a post on YouTube caused a stir, showing footage from a surveillance camera installed in a household in the commune of Roeşti, right in front of the family-owned store. The images weren't very clear, but you could see a silhouette resembling a woman moving quickly from the entrance of the store towards the exit of the household. The clip garnered thousands of views at the time and made it to the news of a national television station, while the "ghost from Roeşti-Vâlcea" became the top search on Google.

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İsmail Mafen,Özlem Sağlam

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Papanași-For those who don't know this recipe, I can tell you that papanasi are a kind of donuts made from dough with sweet cheese. They do not contain yeast, so they do not need to ferment. It is prepared very quickly and you can have them on the table in no more than 40 minutes. They are much better than the bought ones that either don't have cheese at all, or have too little.

Cozonac - Cozonacul is a traditional Romanian and Bulgarian cake (Bulgarian kozunak), traditionally cooked for Easter or Christmas. A similar cake is Panettone, which is cooked at Christmas in Italy in the Lombardy region. The most visible difference being its rectangular and tall shape.

Mucenici- Many people know that March 9 is the day when we eat martyrs, but not all of us know the meaning of this tradition. The story began in Sevastia, a city in ancient Armenia, now on the territory of Turkey, where 40 Christian soldiers were killed, who refused to worship idols and renounce their religion. In their memory, people now prepare rolls called martyrs (also known as sanctifiers or bradosi), which they give as alms.

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It is known that the Uyghurs, one of the ancient Turks, wore fur and decorated hats, their women had hats with hats and sable skins, white felt and fabrics decorated with flowers, which were very valuable and famous at the time.

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Ebru art, also known as marbling, is a rich part of Turkish culture with a history spanning thousands of years. Created by dropping colored inks onto the surface of water and then using a special technique to form patterns, this art form reflects the creativity and aesthetic sensibilities of the Turkish people.

The term "ebru" in Turkish means "cloud," and indeed, the art resembles the dance of clouds on water. In the hands of a skilled ebru artist, drops of colored ink move freely on the surface of the water, creating unique patterns. These patterns often consist of flowers, leaves, geometric shapes, or abstract motifs, each reflecting the artist's emotions, imagination, and experience.

Ebru art not only offers a visual spectacle but also carries deep spiritual significance. Rather than trying to control the movement of each drop of ink on the water's surface, the artist relies on the water and surrenders to the flow of nature. This symbolizes accepting the unpredictability of life that cannot be controlled but must be embraced.

Ebru art holds an important place in Turkish culture and is traditionally passed down by masters to apprentices. Today, modern ebru artists continue to breathe new life into this ancient art form by combining traditional techniques with innovative approaches. Additionally, the popularity of ebru art is increasing worldwide, with many people attending ebru workshops to discover and learn this unique art form.

Ebru art is a vibrant expression of Turkish culture, captivating both artists and viewers with its beauty. Each drop tells a story, and ebru is a magical world where these stories come together, forming a mesmerizing tapestry of colors and patterns.

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"23 Nisan," known as National Sovereignty and Children's Day, holds immense significance for Turks. It commemorates the establishment of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in 1920, marking the beginning of the Turkish War of Independence. However, what sets this day apart is its dedication to children. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Turkish Republic, dedicated the day to children worldwide, symbolizing hope and the future. On this day, children across Turkey participate in various events, including parades, concerts, and cultural performances, showcasing their talents and creativity. It serves as a reminder of the nation's commitment to protecting the rights and well-being of children, emphasizing their importance in shaping the country's future. "23 Nisan" fosters a sense of unity, pride, and optimism among Turks, celebrating both their national sovereignty and the promise of the next generation.

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Picture of classic European town from 19. century made by Artificial Intelligence

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Picture of classic  European town from 19. century 

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Picture of classic  European town from 19. century 

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Gymnasium Antuna Gustava Matoša Zabok- Croatia

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Gymnasium Antuna Gustava Matoša Zabok- Croatia

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In Turkey, local festivals and celebrations are rich with cultural traditions and vibrant festivities. One notable celebration is "Kurban Bayramı" (Feast of Sacrifice), also known as Eid al-Adha, where families gather to commemorate Abraham's willingness to sacrifice his son. Another significant festival is "Şeker Bayramı" (Sugar Feast), marking the end of Ramadan, characterized by visits to family and friends, exchanging sweets, and giving charity. Additionally, various regions host unique festivals such as the "Çiçek Festivali" (Flower Festival) in İzmir, celebrating spring with flower exhibitions and concerts, and the "Nevruz" festival, marking the arrival of spring with folk dances, music, and traditional foods. These festivals showcase Turkey's diverse cultural heritage and are celebrated with enthusiasm and joy throughout the country.

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Turkish cuisine, known as "Türk yemekleri," is a rich and diverse culinary tradition that has evolved over centuries. It is characterized by its bold flavors, fresh ingredients, and a fusion of influences from various cultures that have interacted with the region throughout history.

One of the most iconic elements of Turkish cuisine is the wide variety of mezes, or small appetizers, that often accompany meals. These can include dishes like hummus, baba ghanoush, and dolma (stuffed grape leaves). Mezes are usually enjoyed with rakı, a traditional anise-flavored spirit.

Main courses in Turkish cuisine often feature meats such as lamb, beef, and chicken, which are typically grilled or cooked in stews. One of the most famous dishes is kebab, which comes in many forms, such as shish kebab (grilled meat on skewers) and döner kebab (rotisserie meat). Another popular dish is köfte, which are spiced meatballs made from ground beef or lamb.

Vegetables also play a crucial role in Turkish meals, often cooked in olive oil and served cold. Dishes like imam bayıldı (stuffed eggplant) and zeytinyağlı enginar (artichokes with olive oil) highlight the importance of fresh, seasonal produce.

Rice and bulgur wheat are staple grains in Turkey, frequently served as pilaf. Börek, a savory pastry filled with cheese, meat, or vegetables, is another beloved component of Turkish cuisine, showcasing the influence of Central Asian and Middle Eastern culinary traditions.

No meal in Turkey is complete without bread, particularly the ubiquitous flatbread known as "pide." Turkish meals also often conclude with a sweet treat, such as baklava, a rich pastry made of layers of filo dough filled with nuts and soaked in honey or syrup. Turkish delight, or lokum, is another popular confection, known for its chewy texture and variety of flavors.

Tea and coffee are integral to Turkish culture. Turkish tea is typically strong and served in small glasses, while Turkish coffee is known for its unique preparation method and robust flavor.

Overall, Turkish cuisine is a testament to the country's historical and cultural richness, offering a delightful array of flavors and dishes that are enjoyed both domestically and around the world.

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Turkey's local music and dance types showcase a rich cultural heritage, with each region having its unique styles, instruments, and rhythms. Here are some of Turkey's local music and dance types:

1. **Turkish Folk Music (Türkü) and Folk Dances**:

- **Black Sea Region**: Horon, Kemençe

- **Aegean Region**: Zeybek, Bağlama

- **Eastern Anatolia Region**: Halay, Davul-Zurna

- **Marmara Region**: Roman Havası, Clarinet

2. **Turkish Classical Music**:

- Makams and various traditional instruments (oud, qanun, ney)

3. **Alevi-Bektashi Music**:

- Saz, deyiş (poetic songs), and semah (ritual dances)

4. **Romani Music**:

- Energetic rhythms, clarinet, violin

### Using AI for Sound Analysis

1. **Sound Recognition and Instrument Identification**:

- **Spectrogram Analysis**: Analyzing the spectral features of the music to identify the instruments used.

- **Machine Learning Models**: Using trained models to recognize different instruments and rhythms.

2. **Rhythm and Tempo Analysis**:

- **Beat Tracking Algorithms**: Analyzing the tempo and rhythm of the music.

- **Time-Frequency Transformations**: Detailed examination of the time and frequency characteristics of the music.

3. **Makam Analysis**:

- **Makam Recognition**: Special algorithms to identify the makams used in Turkish Classical Music.

- **Melody and Harmony Analysis**: Examining melodic structures and harmonic relationships.

4. **Dance Analysis**:

- **Movement Recognition**: Analyzing dance figures using video and sensor data.

- **Rhythm-Melody Relationship**: Examining the coordination between music and dance movements.

### Example Scenario

Analyzing a piece of folk music:

- **Step 1**: Convert the audio file into a spectrogram.

- **Step 2**: Use machine learning models to identify instruments in the spectrogram (e.g., drum, zurna).

- **Step 3**: Perform rhythm and tempo analysis using beat tracking algorithms.

- **Step 4**: Visualize the analysis results to show the distribution of instruments and rhythm structure over time.

Such analyses are very useful for musicologists, dance researchers, and for the preservation and dissemination of cultural heritage. AI enables a deep understanding and digital documentation of complex music and dance structures.

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Van Lake Monster is a legendary creature said to be seen in Lake Van, located in eastern Turkey. This legend has intrigued the local population and the media for years, coming up at various times.According to the legend, there is a massive monster in Lake Van. The first significant claims of the monster being seen emerged in 1995, capturing local and national media attention. At that time, some eyewitnesses claimed to have seen a large creature in the lake, and some even claimed to have taken photographs of it.

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Al Karısı: The Story of the Incubus

Once upon a time, in a small village, there lived a beautiful woman named Ayşe. Ayşe had just given birth and was happily living with her newborn baby. However, one night, while Ayşe was sleeping, she felt a terrible weight on her chest. She woke up to find a tall, white-clad woman standing over her. This woman was Al Karısı, an evil creature that preyed on new mothers and their babies.

Al Karısı was there to take Ayşe's lungs. Ayşe was terrified and tried to scream, but no sound came out. Al Karısı pressed down on Ayşe and tried to rip out her lungs.

Just then, Ayşe's husband Mehmet burst into the room. He saw Al Karısı and didn't flinch. He grabbed a knife and attacked Al Karısı. Al Karısı was afraid of Mehmet and ran away. Ayşe was saved.

From that day on, Ayşe and Mehmet prayed every night to protect themselves from Al Karısı. They hung garlic and nazar beads on their doors and windows. Al Karısı never came to Ayşe's house again.

Moral of the Story:

Al Karısı is a creature in Turkish and Altay mythology that preys on new mothers.There are various methods to protect oneself from Al Karısı, such as praying and using garlic and nazar beads.This story highlights the vulnerability of new mothers and newborns.

Lessons Learned from the Story:

Evil exists, but we must bravely fight against it.Our family and loved ones will always protect us.Prayer and faith can give us strength.

Social Significance of the Story:

The Al Karısı story is a testament to the importance of new mothers and newborns in Turkish society. This story has contributed to the development of various customs and beliefs to protect women during this period.

Contemporary Reflections of the Story:

The Al Karısı story is still told today. It is an important part of Turkish culture and folklore. It also helps raise awareness about the protection of new mothers and newborns.

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The two most famous festivals in Serbia are EXIT and Guča. The music at these festivals is very different.

The music that accompanies the video is the music for the game known as the Užičko kolo. It is played at every celebration.

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Traditional clothing in Serbia varies depending on the region and reflects the country's rich cultural heritage. Here are some examples:

Šajkača: Šajkača is a traditional Serbian cap, usually worn by men. It has a distinctive shape with a flat crown and a wide, solid rim. The color of the cap often signifies regional identity.

Šubara: Šubara is a traditional Serbian cap, usually worn by men in cold weather. It is often made from sheepskin or other fur materials and has a distinctive round shape.

Women wear headscarves.

Opanci: Opanci are traditional Serbian leather shoes and are often worn with folk costumes. They are characterized by their unique design, with a pointed toe and intricate stitching.

They are usually worn by both men and women, especially during folk dances or traditional celebrations.

Traditional Serbian folk costumes are very different by region. Each region has its own distinct style of dress, which includes unique patterns, colors and embroidery techniques. For example, the Šumadija region is known for its colorful floral patterns, while the Vojvodina region is known for its intricate geometric designs. In Vojvodina, men wear traditional wide white trousers. https://www.narodnenosnjesrba.rs/eng/index.html

Serbia boasts a diverse array of traditional handicrafts that reflect its rich cultural heritage. From intricate embroidery and woodcarving to pottery and copperware, these handicrafts showcase the country's artistic prowess and traditional craftsmanship.

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Music is a universal language that transcends cultural and linguistic barriers, connecting people across the world. It encompasses a wide range of genres and styles, each with its own unique characteristics and emotional impacts. Music can evoke powerful emotions, create atmospheres, and tell stories in ways that words alone often cannot.

### History and Evolution

The history of music dates back to ancient times when early humans used simple instruments and vocalizations to express themselves. Over the centuries, music has evolved significantly. The classical period introduced complex compositions by legendary composers like Beethoven and Mozart, while the 20th century saw the rise of diverse genres such as jazz, rock, and electronic music. Today, music continues to evolve with the advent of digital technology, allowing for innovative sounds and production techniques.

### Genres and Styles

Music is categorized into various genres, each with distinct characteristics:

- Classical: Known for its rich orchestral arrangements and sophisticated structures.

- Jazz: Characterized by improvisation, swing rhythms, and complex harmonies.

- Rock: Features strong beats, electric guitars, and often rebellious themes.

- Hip-Hop: Focuses on rhythm and rhyming speech, often addressing social issues.

- Electronic: Produced using digital instruments and software, creating new and experimental sounds.

### The Role of Music

Music plays a crucial role in many aspects of life:

- Cultural Expression: Music is integral to cultural identity, reflecting traditions and social values.

- Emotional Outlet: It provides a means for expressing and processing emotions.

- Entertainment: Music is a major form of entertainment, from concerts and festivals to streaming services.

- Therapeutic: Music therapy is used to improve mental health and well-being, aiding in stress relief and emotional healing.

### Modern Trends

The music industry has been transformed by digital advancements. Streaming platforms like Spotify and Apple Music have changed how people access and consume music, making it more accessible than ever. Additionally, artificial intelligence is being used to compose music, create personalized playlists, and even predict future hits.

In conclusion, music is a dynamic and ever-evolving form of art that continues to shape and be shaped by human experiences. Whether for personal enjoyment, cultural expression, or emotional healing, music remains an integral part of our lives.

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André Gonçalves is a Portuguese painter, born in 1692 and died in 1762, he was responsible for the aesthetic change that took place in Portugal at the beginning of the 18th century, which consisted of abandoning the Hispanic schemes of the 17th century and adopting the richer and more varied Italian and French schemes. His most famous works are the ceiling of the Church of the Child of God in Lisbon, some paintings in the Chapel of the Seven Altars in Mafra and the altarpiece in the chapel of the Palace of Queluz. Many of his paintings were in Lisbon churches that were destroyed by the 1755 earthquake.

Legend of the Miracle of the Roses

Legend has it that King Dinis was informed about Queen Isabel's charitable actions and the expenses they entailed for the royal treasury.

One day, the king decided to surprise the queen on one of her usual walks to distribute alms and bread to the needy.

He noticed that she was trying to disguise what she was carrying. King Dinis asked the queen where she was going and she replied that she was on her way to the monastery to decorate the altars.

Not satisfied with her answer, the king was curious about what she was carrying in her lap. After a few moments of fumbling, Isabel replied: "They're roses, my lord!".

Suspicious, the king accused her of lying, since there could be no roses in January. He then forced her to open her cloak and reveal what was hidden there.

In front of everyone's astonished eyes, Queen Isabella showed the beautiful roses she was keeping in her lap. By some miracle, the bread she was hiding had turned into roses.

The king was speechless and ended up asking the queen for forgiveness, who continued with her intention. News of the miracle spread through the city of Coimbra and the people proclaimed Queen Isabel of Portugal a saint.

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Bruna e Oriana (Team 4)/Agrupamento de Escolas Francisco de Holanda/Portugal/Manuela Paredes

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Bruna e Oriana (Team 4)/Agrupamento de Escolas Francisco de Holanda/Portugal/Manuela Paredes

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Bia (Team 5)/Agrupamento de Escolas Francisco de Holanda/Portugal/Manuela Paredes

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Bia (Team 5)/Agrupamento de Escolas Francisco de Holanda/Portugal/Manuela Paredes

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TRADITIONAL COSTUMES & REGIONAL DRESS IN PORTUGAL

Portugal retains a strong tradition of regional costumes, especially in the more remote north of the country, in particular the Minho and Trás-os-Montes regions.

Nowadays, people only wear traditional dress at Portugal's many festivals.

However, in the remoter areas of northern Portugal traditional dress was more common up until the early 20th century.

People wear the costumes on saints’ days and other festivals. The women's attire is characterized by the quantity of gold collars they wear, thus demonstrating their wealth and or eligibility for marriage.

The costumes were traditionally made in the evenings by young women to be worn on special occasions and local festivals, in particular the annual Romaria de Nossa Senhora d'Agonia.

Women who might labour in the fields with flax and tend sheep to produce wool during the day would then work on the same materials in the evening using traditional, wooden looms.

These rural villages around Viana do Castelo were virtually self-sufficient and the colourful costumes became a symbol of both local identity and pride

The brighter coloured costumes (Traje de Lavradeira) were usually worn by the younger women hoping to attract a future husband at a festival by showing off their dexterity and thus suitability as home-makers. The elaborate stitching could also include coded messages as to the wearer's age, family and locality.

The beautifully embroidered dresses come in either red for joyous occasions (lavradeira) or darker colours, known as mordoma. Mordoma were chosen in a village to organize festivals and collect funds for pilgrimages. They held a special status in their communities. The darker dresses were also worn for periods of mourning, funerals or when a loved-one was away at sea.

The costume is worn over a linen chemise, camisa, and consists of a wool or linen skirt and a bodice.

For men it is much simpler - a black, wide-brimmed hat, black trousers with a red sash, and a short black jacket.

https://www.portugalvisitor.com/portugal-culture/regional-costumes-in-portugal

(adapted)

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Recreated version of José de Guimarães' painting

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Júlia (Team 6)/Agrupamento de Escolas Francisco de Holanda/Portugal/Manuela Paredes

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Júlia (Team 6)/Agrupamento de Escolas Francisco de Holanda/Portugal/Manuela Paredes

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Ingredients:

Sour cabbage (about 1 head)

Ground meat (lamb, pork, or a mix, about 500g or 1 lb)

Rice (about 1 cup)

Onion (1 large)

Salt and pepper to taste

Bacon (optional, for extra flavor)

Sweet paprika (for sprinkling)

Preparation:

1. Preparing the cabbage:

Bring a large pot of water to a boil.

Separate the leaves of the sour cabbage, wash them, and blanch in boiling water until softened, about 5-10 minutes. Be careful not to overcook the cabbage so it doesn't fall apart.

2. Preparing the filling:

Finely chop the onion and sauté in a little oil until translucent.

Add the ground meat and cook until the meat changes color and is almost cooked through.

Add the rinsed rice, stir together, and cook with the meat for about 5 minutes.

3. Rolling the sarma:

Place a small amount of the meat and rice mixture onto each cabbage leaf.

Roll the cabbage leaf tightly around the filling, tucking in the ends.

4. Cooking the sarma:

Line the bottom of a deeper pot with a few cabbage leaves (to prevent burning).

Arrange the rolled sarma tightly in the pot.

Pour in enough water to cover the sarma.

Bring to a boil, then reduce heat to low and simmer for 1.5 to 2 hours, until the cabbage is tender and the filling is cooked through.

5. Serving:

Serve the sarma hot, optionally sprinkled with sweet paprika or enhanced with a bit of bacon.

Sarma tastes best after resting for a day or two, allowing the flavors to meld. Enjoy preparing and serving this delicious dish!