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1) Country: Ecuador

2) Anti-corruption intervention: National military mobilization/oversight of prisons and elected officials (currently happening)

Frameworks: principal-agent and functionality

3) I'm not sure what category the anti-corruption intervention falls under, but the mass military mobilization was in response to the corruption within the state judiciary and prisons. Is transnational corruption a framework we can use?

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1. Country: Türkiye

2. Anti-corruption approach: National Anticorruption Strategies.

To what extent can we give information about the country's past corruption and anti-corruption history?

Can I touch "the Clean Hands" operation in Italy in the late 1990s, compare the two countries, and explain why the intervention did not work?

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1. India

2. Integrity Pacts

Theories chosen – Collective Action, Principal Agent (because integrity pacts are enforced by a monitor)

There seems to be a lot of Integrity Pacts in place, particularly in the defence sector. I'm thinking of comparing IPs in different sectors to assess their effectiveness

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Country : Pakistan ( Balochistan province)

Anti Corruption Intervention : Decentralisation

Corruption Method : The medicine procurement in the country especially in the  province of Balochistan is centralized and  has many corruption scandals related to procurement procedures involving bribery to procure low standard and irrelevant medicines.

Question : Can I discuss two or more corruption methods like bribery and bypassing the procurement laws both together in above case While focusing on one intervention (decentralisation) ?

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1) Country: China
2) Method: Public awareness campaign
Public opinion monitoring is an important part of China's anti-corruption practice. The Chinese government has been disseminating information to the public about anti-corruption
information related to anti-corruption cases, information related to the daily work of anti-corruption agencies, and information related to education and publicity on integrity to raise public awareness of the negative impact of corruption on society. Citizens are also encouraged to interact through various media channels.
In practice, the Disciplinary Inspection Commission (DIC) has become the main source of information on corruption cases, with the media mainly relaying official anti-corruption information and only a few major cases being discussed in depth. Despite bringing corruption information into the public eye, it is also true that there is a misplaced body of public opinion monitoring and that reports from the public through internet platforms are difficult to include in the agenda. On the other hand, official messages aimed at raising awareness of anti-corruption activities have not convinced the public that corruption is declining.
3) How to further narrow it down

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1: Japan
2: public expenditure tracking
3: Q1: What does ‘a known corruption problem’ mean? Is it a specific case or a type of corruption problem?
Q2: Compared to the policy briefs in the Governance unit, I think there are fewer explanations of policy recommendations. Is it OK? Of course, I’d say this is the result of taking into account a variety of limitations like word count.

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1. country: China

2. Anti-corruption:
methords: CCDI, the Central Inspection Team

target:China's biggest political and military figures, cadres

3. It can propel strong anticorruption drives
But it's selective, arbitrary, and factionally biased.

it may change to exercise of power-consolidation .

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1. Country = UK
2. Anticorruption approach = meritocratic recruitment
3.  Increased gender equality seems to be one important factor behind getting corruption under control. Does impartiality in the exercise of public power, into meritocratic recruitment and promotion in the public administration, has a powerful effect for lowering corruption?

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Itthisak Prakobsri
1. Country: Looking at corruption within Thai local government.

2. Anticorruption approach: E governance and/or public awareness campaign

3. 1) Should I mention a certain indicator showing that there is corruption with Thai local government? If yes, is there any you could recommend me or should I just mention a few cases. 2) should I also mention previous measurement and why I think* (evidence based) that there should be more/other interventions in reducing corruption?

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1. Choice: China
2. Anti-corruption methods: By means of new media supervision, supervision by public opinion, and promoting social atmosphere to guide anti-corruption and advocate integrity, anti-corruption is carried out from the construction of civil servants' moral and legal concept.
3. Supervision by public opinion is an effective restriction on government behavior, which makes corruption more easily exposed in the scope of public view. However, different countries have different controls on public opinion, and this approach may not be applicable to China.

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1) The UK
2) Anti-corruption approach: public awareness campaign, but specifically, one that doesn't involve social media. I feel like everyone on Twitter etc has already heard enough about the nature of this Govt's corruption, but it's important to get the word out in other ways.
3) could use functionality theory here? Because, to be blunt, corruption may no longer work if anti-corruption activists reach out to Conservative hotbeds, rather than preaching to the converted (Twitter etc).

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Country: UK
Anticorruption approach: Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Bill
Ideas/questions: Focus only on reform to Companies House which is effectively increased transparency, as the Bill has several different measures included in it. Look at whether there are remaining loopholes, whether the appropriate agencies have sufficient resources to implement the measures in the Bill. Looking at kleptocracy from a collection action perspective – how much can the UK do on its own given that kleptocrats could just move their wealth into other foreign real estate/luxury goods etc. in a country with less transparency

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Country:  China _Focus on corruption in government departments

Approach: digital government (e-government)

IDEAS: Digital government has been able to prevent corrupt actions in some contexts, but has led to the growth of new types of corruption in other contexts. The reasons and evidence for the lack of an anti-corruption role of digital government in the Chinese context will be discussed and recommendations given.

Question. I am not sure if digital government can be chosen as an anti-corruption approach. Or to choose the formulation of e-government. Personally, I think the formulation of digital government is more appropriate. Because one part of the brief wants to talk about the increase of new types of corruption due to digital government. But the process of fighting corruption in digital government is similar to that of e-government.

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Country: China
Subject: " Protection umbrella" i.e. officials in government departments use their power and position to facilitate the gang crimes
Anti-corruption measures: national crackdown on gang crimes
Questions: 1. Is this measure part of the 4th type of anti-corruption authority?
2. I will be quoting extensively from Chinese literature, is this OK?

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Country- UK and local government particularly planning. Influence over local planning officials by construction companies and sympathetic local politicians.
Approach- Social accountability and transparency
Questions and problems- How practical are these approaches? A lot of planning scandals are known but not acted upon because interest is limited.
Initial impression is that there may be a lack of specific  sources on corruption within UK local government.  Unsure about applicable theories

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Xu Lu
1. I will choose China.
2.I will focus on anti-corruption through specialized agencies, taking disciplinary commissions in China as an example. The special agency mainly reflects the anti-corruption measures within the government and compares with the previous anti-corruption measures.
3.Should I focus on official corruption in a particular industry? What about corruption in the real estate industry or in promotions?

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1. Country - Indonesia
2. Anti-corruption approach: Social Media
Role of social media user in Indonesia exposing corruption cases through Twitter and pressuring the police official to look into a murder case involving a high-ranking officials

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Country - China
Looking at corruption within the public sector and through resource networks.

Anticorruption approach - A series of anticorruption authorities， including legislative, political and administrative institutions.

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1. Country: Malaysia - corruption within the police department - possibly looking at corruption between police officers and drug dealers/traffickers.

2. Anti-corruption approach: Public Awareness Campaign.

3. Question: There are a lot of resources regarding police corruption itself; However, they are only few mentioning about their corruption with drug dealers. Most of resources are from newspaper articles and videos. I was wondering if my scope was too narrow? Should I focus on a broader topic which is on general police bribering?

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Public procurement corruption - e.g. bid rigging - in the UK.

Anticorruption approach: Audit commissions to increase accountability, transparency, and increase the disincentive of potentially being caught. Commission since been devolved to the local authorities in the Localism Act. (Whether the commission should be reintroduced and taken out of local authorities hands.) Looked at through principal-agent problem and functionalism.

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1. Country - Malaysia, looking at the manipulation of learning records and driving tests results by Malaysian driving training institutes/ Road Transport Officer in license issuance.

2. Anticorruption Approach: E-governance (E-testing)

3. Questions : Should I write a brief description of the Malaysian driving license testing system?

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1) Country-Malaysia (looking at corruption in political parties)

2) Anticorruption approach: Establishment of a political party audit commission (anticorruption authority that is focused on political party spending )

3) Questions:

I will focus on the problem of the absence of political financing law and political interference in the selection of Malaysian election commission committee members.

This problem actually can be solved through meritocracy appointment, but I don't think meritocracy will solved this problems completely. Therefore, I think the establishment of anti-corruption authorities is more effective for several reasons. Is it logical for me to do that?

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1) Country = UK. Looking at practice(s) of reputation laundering
2) Anticorruption approach: public awareness campaign
3) Is the corruption problem specific enough? I was also considering collective action and institutional theory. Would PA  work in this case?

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Sarah Vernon - Looking at a Anti-Corruption Commissioner for Britain. I intend to look at Collection Action Theory and Institutional corruption Theory.  However, I'm not sure if I should be using PA Theory instead of CA Theory, I just feel it needs to be more than PA due to the 'social norm' of current politicians breaking rules.

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Sarah Vernon - Looking at a Anti-Corruption Commissioner for Britain. I intend to look at Collection Action Theory and Institutional corruption Theory.  However, I'm not sure if I should be using PA Theory instead of CA Theory, I just feel it needs to be more than PA due to the 'social norm' of current politicians breaking rules.

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Each of you should post on this Padlet wall. Your post should say 1) what country you intend to choose for your policy brief, 2) what anticorruption approach you will choose for your policy brief, and 3) any questions you have about the policy brief.

Please title your post with your name