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陈芊祎 、郴盛朵、李子安

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Check out this Presentation designed by Zach Bocanegra.

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RFI 华语 - 法国国际广播电台

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戛纳电影节之巩俐访谈 • RFI 华语 - 法国国际广播电台

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北京大学的张海威老师想邀请华大学习中文的学生

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北京大学的张海威老师想邀请华大学习中文的学生参加他的一项研究。在这个研究中，学生需要给一些中文生词提供英文翻译，一共需要大概三十分钟的时间，做完的同学会收到$10的现金作为报酬。请点击下面这个链接：

https://www.wjx.cn/vm/h67g8Nz.aspx#

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Cream Neutral Minimalist New Business Pitch Deck Presentation

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Check out this Presentation designed by Aiying Huang.

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第二单元小组报告：习丹亚、郴盛朵、李家熙

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第二单元小组报告：习丹亚、郴盛朵、李家熙

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华盛顿大学外国籍学生对中国产品的好感度调查问卷

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华盛顿大学外国籍学生对中国产品的好感度调查问卷

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调查问卷： https://forms.gle/T4ApTu9czfiswCxw7

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Pink Rose Watercolor Organic Creative Project Presentation

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布林肯二度訪華 陸警告勿碰觸台灣紅線 ｜TVBS新聞

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美国国务卿布林肯抵达上海 开启访华行程

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美国国务卿布林肯抵达上海开启访华行程...|sina.cn

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布林肯访华：“高强度外交”下的五个关注点 - BBC News 中文

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耶伦访华之后、布林肯访华之前的短短时间里，钢铝关税、美国菲律宾联合军演等议题相继成为热点。这些因素导致外界观察认为中美高官接触的氛围大不如去年。

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美国国务卿布林肯已抵达上海，开启任内第二次访华行程。

据中国央视旗下的"玉渊潭天"微博消息，布林肯已于星期三（4月24日）下午抵达上海。

美方此前公布，布林肯还将前往北京，与中国官员会面，讨论一系列双边、地区和全球议题。

美国国务院高级官员上星期五（4月19日）在电话简报会上提到，布林肯此行有三个目标：第一、在关键议题上取得进展；第二、就双边、区域和全球议题明确和直接地表达关切；第三、负责任地管控竞争，避免误判或冲突。

此外，布林肯还将与中国商讨中东危机、俄乌战争、台海两岸关系和南中国海等课题。

有分析认为，布林肯此行最主要的目标，是阻止中国加大对俄罗斯的支持。

在布林肯访华前夕，美国媒体传出华盛顿正研拟制裁一些中国金融机构，以阻止它们对俄罗斯的商业支援。

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美国国务卿布林肯抵达上海

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美国国务卿布林肯已抵达上海，开启任内第二次访华行程。据中国央视旗下的"玉渊潭天"微博消息，布林肯已于星期三（4月24日）下午抵达上海。美方此前公布，布林肯还将前往北京，与中国官员会...

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https://www.canva.com/design/DAGBkSFeeWE/UZ1RQyvKTX5HMbmU9CFxiw/edit?utm_content=DAGBkSFeeWE&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton

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In partnership with the Taipei Music Center, the UW Taiwan Studies Arts & Culture Program welcomes you to celebrate Taiwan's pop music through the "MUSIC, ISLAND, STORIES: TAIWAN CALLING!" program on the UW campus. In addition to the mini concert (April 3) and pop-up exhibition (April 24-May 28) at the Allen Library North Lobby, Kay Huang (黃韻玲), Ma Shih-Fang (馬世芳), and Chen Te-Cheng (陳德政) will also join us at the in-person public roundtable discussion and reception on April 24, as well as two guided exhibition tour on April 25 & 26.
MUSIC, ISLAND, STORIES: TAIWAN CALLING! Our Song, Our Era
Taiwan is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, and it has a range of tall mountains running down its center, creating a distinctive geography. Over the past half century, thanks in part to its historical situation, Taiwan has given rise to several generations of outstanding singers and songwriters. Their classic songs and albums have established themselves at the emotional core of the ethnic Chinese world. These songs have reflected the pulse of their times and affected countless listeners, becoming precious cultural assets and parts of the collective memory.

The Taipei Music Center is one of Taiwan's leading cultural institutions. Its mission is to promote Taiwanese popular music and to grow and deepen the music industry. In 2021, it established the permanent exhibit "MUSIC, ISLAND, STORIES: Pop Music in Taiwan." This year it has selected some of the best parts of that exhibit to be displayed overseas for the first time, in the hope that foreign listeners can experience the attractions of Mandarin pop music, expanding opportunities for international cultural exchange.
SPEAKERS
Kay Huang (黃韻玲) is currently the chairperson of the Taipei Music Center. She is a veteran of the Mandarin popular music scene as a composer, arranger, musician, producer, television program host, radio program host, and actress in theater, film and television. She has been a judge for singing competitions and the head of a record company. She has won Best Composition at the Golden Melody Awards, and Special Contribution Award and Best Singer-Songwriter at the Golden Indie Awards.

Ma Shih-Fang (馬世芳) is a Taiwanese radio personality, writer, and television host. He has won six Golden Bell Awards for his radio work. His book Subterranean Homesick Blues was nominated for a Golden Tripod Award and was awarded one of "The Best Books from Taiwan" at the Taipei International Book Exhibition in 2008. His third book, Lend Me Your Ears, won the China Times Kaijuan Good Book Award. He was the chief editor and one of the translators of The Lyrics: 1961-2012 (Traditional Chinese edition) by Bob Dylan. He was also nominated for the Golden Bell Award for Best Variety Show Host for his work on the PTS show Viva Music Season 4.

Chen Te-Cheng (陳德政) is a writer and a DJ. He earned a B. A. in Communication from National Chengchi University and an M. A. from the School of Media Studies at The New School in New York. His published works include books of music-related essays such as The Long Goodbye. In 2019, he joined the K2 Taiwan Expedition Team, and his book on the experience, A White Summer, won the TIBE Book Prize for Non-fiction. He hosts the podcasts Pilgrimage: The Hero's Journey and Pilgrimage: Ways To Nature. In 2024, he published his newest work, The Passage of Youth.
April 3 @ 12:30 PM | POP-UP MINI CONCERT April 24 - May 28, 2024 | MUSIC, ISLAND, STORIES: TAIWAN CALLING! POP-UP EXHIBITION Grow with the nourishment of this land; thrive with the freedom in this air. UW Allen Library North Lobby UW Allen Library North Lobby

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[April 24- May 28] Music, Island, Stories: Taiwan Calling! - Taiwan Studies Program

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In partnership with the Taipei Music Center, the UW Taiwan Studies Arts & Culture Program welcomes you to celebrate Taiwan's pop music through the "MUSIC, ISLAND, STORIES: TAIWAN CALLING!" program on the UW campus.

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当下，有关线上 社交 的刻板印象层出不穷，对于年轻人来说，他们一边期待社交自由，一边又困于社交偏见，不少年轻人甚至面临需要偷偷玩社交的窘境。哪些因素束缚着年轻人的社交？还有多少线上社交的偏见亟待被打破？近日，Soul App旗下社会科学研究机构Just So Soul研究院联合36氪旗下年轻态公众号"后浪研究所"，发布了《2023年轻⼈社交态度报告》（下称"报告"）。基于近5500名年轻人的勇气回应，报告旨在洞察新一代群体的社交需求及偏好，在了解年轻人的社交困境的同时，一同打破偏见、拥抱"社交自由"。

报告指出，近六成年轻人拥有不到2个知心好友，社交App成为他们拓圈的主要途径，超半数年轻人在社交软件上交到了亲密好友。

此外，在使用社交软件时，约四分之一的年轻人感到"有点羞耻"，超六成则"不在意别人是否知道"。和"使用社交软件就是为了找对象"的刻板印象不同，调研显示，年轻人在开放式社交平台中更希望认识兴趣相同的朋友、分享生活和抒发情绪。
人均2.5个知心朋友，年轻人爱用社交App拓圈
在现实生活中，完成一次指纹支付或许只需要1秒钟，而想要找到一个谈得来的同好，却似乎成了一件难如登天的事。

报告显示，年轻人平均拥有2.5个好友。其中，近六成年轻人知心好友不足2个，拥有3个以上好友的人占比42.47%，还有12.04%的人在现阶段并未遇到知心好友。

快节奏的生活，被压缩的社交半径，在这个人均社恐的时代，年轻人陷入交友困境。数据显示，过半（51.26%）年轻人觉得现实中认识新朋友困难。且相比文化娱乐更为丰富的一线城市，身处三四线城市中的年轻人这种感受更加强烈。

现实生活中交友难之所以成为一种"通病"，背后原因多样。其中，超七成年轻人将矛头指向社交圈子固化，此外，不善社交、线下社交有压力，以及参与线下社交时间和 经济 成本高也是导致交友难的两大"病因"。

现实难以满足交友需求，年轻人开始探索更多方式实现拓圈。数据显示，66.49%的年轻人选择通过社交App认识新朋友，这意味着，"线上社交"已经成为年轻人连接好友的主要通路之一。

虽然社交软件让磁场相似的年轻人更容易遇到彼此，但很长一段时间里，人们谈"社交App"色变，既不希望在网络这层面具下对方知道"我是谁"，又不希望身边认识的人知道"我在玩什么"。似乎在很多人心中，玩社交App早就被划入"羞耻行为"行列。

报告显示，在使用社交软件时，有65.13%年轻人对于别人知道自己玩社交软件并不在意，但还有26.51%的年轻人会感觉"有点羞耻"。

"社交羞耻感"依旧存在，并且在不同群体中也有差异。"如何看待玩社交软件的女生"一度成为热议话题，女性似乎更容易被贴上偏见的标签。这种情况在报告中也有体现，相比男性，女性在玩社交App时更容易产生羞耻感，占比达28.1%。

不止性别，社交羞耻感的差异还体现在职业上。法律从业者、零售从业者、⾦融从业者是最容易产⽣顾虑的职业TOP3。社交自由于他们而言，似乎需要付出更高的代价。

实际上，报告中也呈现了向好的趋势。个人主观感受之外，使用社交软件的人，在他人眼里到底是什么形象？数据显示，多数人持正面看法，66.14%的年轻人认为这是每个人的自由。另外，年龄越小，对线上社交的态度越开放，在 互联网 中成长起来的00后，正扛起"社交自由"的大旗。

这表明，外界对于社交软件的态度是开放的，年轻人不应囿于"社交偏见"而给自己设限。放下心中的"牢笼"，我们可以拥抱更大的世界。
八成年轻人主打"兴趣社交"，"智性魅力"是最佳吸引力
羞耻感的产生，大多源于对社交平台的误解迟迟未被破除。

有一种声音是，玩社交的人多抱着不纯洁的目的。但事实是，年轻人的社交普遍围绕"兴趣"展开。相较于社区类App、Dating App等平台，约八成的年轻人选择使用兴趣社交App。

近两年，以Soul为代表的新型开放式社交App快速崛起，为年轻人发展兴趣、认识同好提供了更多元的选择。数据显示，在使用此类社交产品时，62.99%是认识兴趣相同的朋友，分享生活的有62.13%，抒发情绪的有58.47%；谈恋爱则没那么重要，只占36.72%。对现在的年轻人而言，通过展现真我交到"赛博好友"所提供的情绪价值愈发重要，他们期待更多的走心互动与情绪共鸣。

还有一种声音认为，"玩社交的人大多是loser"。从报告中可以看出，如今社交软件上最受欢迎的用户类型TOP5依次为：生活美食家、运动/旅行爱好者、知识大咖、时尚潮人、职场精英。在实际生活中，在社交软件上"圈粉达人"许多也是现实生活中的"魅力选手"，他们热爱生活，不断点亮技能点，也让线上社交平台成了"大神们"的卧虎藏龙之地。

很多人片面认为，年轻人对现实的不满无处发泄，转而在线上倾倒情绪垃圾。而报告列出了年轻人线上社交的八大"雷区"，其中占首位的就是"抱怨和负能量"，避雷人数超过六成。此外，性别纷争、饭圈拉踩、软文带货、炫富照片、伤感文案、身材照、秀恩爱状态，也都是他们选择避雷的方向。在年轻人看来，在社交软件上找存在感的会被直接略过，输出极端观念引战的更是大可不必。

社交时，总有一些行为或内容会触碰到年轻人的"警铃"。其中，"性别纷争"是男女双方共同的"高压线"，近六成女性会"绕道走"。另外，女性对饭圈拉踩方面更不愿碰，而男性在炫富照片和秀恩爱状态更在意，大家都希望线上社交是能量加油站，而不是情绪垃圾桶。

社交内容要么有意思，要么有意义，才能吸引年轻人的目光。根据报告数据，在最受年轻人欢迎的社交内容TOP5中，不管男女性，都对"心情记录、幽默段子、旅游记录"类内容上头。和传统认知中不同的是，男性比女性更爱心情记录，女性则更对幽默段子感兴趣。不论处在哪个年龄段，年轻人对热点评论类内容的喜爱均高于好物推荐，并且年纪越大差距越大。

在开放的社交理念下，年轻人更期待心灵上的共鸣；他们彰显个性，让同好的"雷达"精准发现；面对自己悉心呵护的友好社交氛围，他们不容许恶意内容、垃圾内容随意混入......年轻人正推开"社交羞耻"的大门，通往"社交自由"。

当人们对于社交平台的偏见不再，一个更加友好、善意的社交环境被一同构建。年轻人也会更加自信地在社交平台展现真实的自我，与志趣相投的同好，共同创造理想的社交图景。《报告》指出，超一半（52.41%）年轻人在社交平台上交到了亲密好友。

社交平台之所以能成为年轻人的快乐源泉，并不只是因为它能提供情绪的出口、有爱的交流、趣味的体验，更是因为年轻人能通过它建立长久的友谊，沉淀深度的关系。此次Soul联合后浪研究所发起调研，希望能打破对线上社交的刻板印象。

当摘掉凝视的有色眼镜，每个人都能够给线上社交一个新的定义。平台可以是一片"田野"，供你完成人类学观察；可以是一个树洞，让你倾吐所有的秘密；还可以把它用作资源捕手，获取行业先机；也可以把它当做兴趣网络，链接更大的群体。一万个人有一万种社交，愿每一个人都能在茫茫人海，遇见另一个自己。

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soul app 发布《2023年轻⼈社交态度报告》：年轻人人均2.5个朋友，超一成年轻人没朋友

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Soul App 发布《2023年轻⼈社交态度报告》：年轻人人均2.5个朋友，超一成年轻人没朋友_互联网_科技快报_砍柴网

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Soul App 发布《2023年轻⼈社交态度报告》：年轻人人均2.5个朋友，超一成年轻人没朋友

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作 者 | 钟宛彤 编 辑 王朝靖 设 计 张 灿 特邀合作伙伴 澎湃号·湃客 即刻
1923 年，离现在将近 100 年，北大哲学系教授张竞生在《晨报副刊》发表了自己的爱情四项定则，引发了一场爱情观的大讨论：

一、爱情是有条件的。这些条件包括感情、人格、才能、名誉、财产等项。条件愈完全，爱情愈浓厚。

二、爱情是可比较的。爱情既是有条件的，所以同时就是可比较的东西。以组合爱情条件的多少和浓薄作为择偶标准，是人类心理中的必然定则。

三、爱情是可以变迁的。有比较自然有选择，有选择自然希望善益求善，所以爱情是变迁的，不是凝固不变的。

四、夫妻为朋友的一种。夫妻的关系与朋友的交好有相似的性质，不同之处是夫妻比密切的朋友更加密切，所以夫妻的爱情应比浓厚的友情更加浓厚，夫妻若无浓厚的爱情，就不免于离散。

后来加入这场讨论的鲁迅认为，张竞生的观点恐怕要在25世纪才能得以实现。

事实上，爱情观可能变化得比鲁迅所预计的更快。

出于想要了解2021年中国年轻人对爱情的态度，现在的他们需要什么样的亲密的关系，为什么现在人们的爱情观是这样的，塔门在 11 月初开展了一次调查。

调查共收回了 2628 份问卷。其中女性占了七成，六成年轻人目前处于单身，大多拥有本科及以上的学历，住在一线/新一线城市。90 后、95 后、00 后占了样本数的 92.3% 。

下面是我们的一些发现：
不只是恐婚，年轻人开始质疑婚姻制度 --婚姻不再是一个人生必选项，不到四分之一的女性认为自己适合婚姻
这次调查再一次证明，人们正在对婚姻失去兴趣。尤其是女性。

超过一半的人（54.2%）对待婚姻制度的态度是：「不支持、不反对」。

每二十个人里就有一个人认为「现在的婚姻制度已经过时，不适用维系亲密关系」。

在效率至上的时代，婚姻越来越只是一种合作关系和社会契约。

女性尤其意识到，自己进入婚姻的机会成本更高。

在女性中，不到四分之一（23%）的人认为自己适合结婚，而男性却有 35%。但在对恋爱态度的调查中，没有发现这种性别差异。这说明在婚姻这件事上，女性更加谨慎。

原因在于，爱情面对的是情感逻辑，而婚姻面对的是现实、制度逻辑。而这种本意为保障支持的制度设计，现在却可能让以结婚为目的的爱情看起来危险。日本女性主义学者上野千鹤子认为：浪漫爱情也许可以将女儿从「父亲的权力」中解放出来，而另一方面却会使其落入「丈夫的权力」中。

许多家庭内部的角色，生孩子、养孩子、赡养年迈的父母、做家务，都随着结婚被打包在一起，但这种「捆绑销售」的对象依然是妻子。一项新研究表明，「和妻子一起做家务」依然是男性表达爱意的方式，而做家务对多数女性来说只是职责。

在婚姻制度的逻辑下，男性看起来更像是集体得利者。在塔门的调查中，接近一半的男性支持婚姻制度，比女性多出近两成。而女性的结婚意愿明显低于男性。每 6 个不到的女性，就有一个恐婚，担心婚姻会伤害自己。如今，拥有经济自主权的女性也更勇于提出退出关系。根据最高人民法院的数据，在全国离婚案件中，有 73.4% 都由女性提出。
每 20 个人里，就有 1 个认为： 现在的婚姻制度已经过时，不适用维系亲密关系
在塔门的调查中，只有三分之一的年轻人支持婚姻制度，对婚姻更多的情绪，是审慎、消极，甚至敌对，也就是说，现如今，婚姻对爱情的霸权已经被消解。中国社科院和社科文献出版社联合发布的《 2008 年中国社会形势分析与预测》报告发现，超过半数的人认为「恐婚」已经是一个平常的社会现象。2020 年末，一篇《我是如何成为反婚主义者的？》大范围传播，作者是一名哥大博士，认为婚姻体制的本质是剥削和压榨女性，并希望女性应该更多理解这一点，再基于此做出更清醒的选择。

对婚姻的恐惧，一定程度和社交媒体、大众文化和负面事件有关。在恐婚人群中，爱情观受到名人家暴/出轨/ PUA 等新闻影响的比例，要比总体高出 15% ，而受到「性别问题的讨论，女权意识」、以及「社交媒体，情感大V、豆瓣小组」影响的人，也多了 11% 和 7% 。

年轻人不愿意结婚，那恋爱呢？
年轻人并没有对爱情失望， 只是对自己的爱情，充满悲观
塔门的调查发现，在年轻人描述爱情的 30 个词里，排名靠前的全部是积极正面的词，陪伴（80.4%）、信任（76.8%）、成长（73.7%），以及责任（72.4%）、亲密（64.1%）快乐（63.9%）等。

而忍耐、麻烦、消耗、矫情，这些负面的词即便经常在现实关系里发生，但是在整个排名里，全部垫底，只占 23.5%、 11.9%、11.0%、5.5% 。

也就是说，年轻人并非不需要爱情，也不认为爱情是糟糕的，反而对爱情充满积极的想象。

然而调查也发现，只有一半不到的人认为自己可以找到真爱。超过五分之一的人认为自己不适合进入恋爱关系。

人们对爱情的看法普遍正面，但多数人对自己能找到真爱的看法是：悬。
是什么在阻碍年轻人开始一段爱情 --当代年轻人爱情开始的条件
开始一段恋爱前，年轻人会在什么情况下劝退自己？

塔门的调查中，这个问题的前四名是：
两个人在一起还没单身有意思 难以接受对方的政治立场和性别观念 没时间，事业/学业要投入较多精力
这可以对应阻碍当代爱情的四座大山：自我至上、社交网络、性别和社畜文化。

自我至上是当下年轻人的时代逻辑。当前流行的时尚是只为自己活着。在以前的爱情剧本里，「我爱你」这句话充满了承诺式的献祭，「爱」第一，「你」第二，「我」是放在为爱情牺牲奉献、为对方茶饭不思飞蛾扑火的第三位。而现在爱情次于「我」。我第一，爱情第二，ta 第三（原本的你，如今碎片化成诸多的 ta 者）。

而社交网络又让年轻人即便身处底层，也共享着跟上流社会、大 V 富豪们相同的消费观、生活方式、同款的包鞋袜电子产品。年轻人无时无刻不在对比的焦虑中。另一方面，社交网络和互联网娱乐分摊了许多以前只能从亲密关系里获取的需求，花时间精力和钱谈恋爱，不如玩手机。强大的娱乐产业常常让人觉得，「两个人在一起还不如单身快乐」。

加上女性权利思潮兴盛，性别隔阂加重，对男性家暴、PUA 的恐惧，对男性说教、男权反思的普及，让女性对男性的信任度走低。舆论从以前的「担心自己成为大龄剩女」，到现在「单身主义」「专心搞钱搞事业」「为女明星离婚欢呼」，女性「将多余感情看作拖累」的转变十分坚决。

于是，女性对关系必要度的质疑更敏感。在最近一段恋爱或婚姻关系中，每三个女性就有一位（29%）会觉得：现在的这段关系没什么必要，这比男性多了 9% 。

在「你愿意为了一段关系，在哪些方面作出让步？」的调查中，女性在所有选项的比例里都比男性更低，也就是说，女性更注重保留自我，更不愿意为关系付出过多。

如今的女性能够在恋爱中保持「选择强势」，因为相对于婚姻来说，爱情更尊重女性。

比起男性，女性更不愿意进入一段「还凑合」的关系。在所有的「开始一段恋爱前，你在什么情况下会劝退自己？」选项中，女性会因为某个原因选择不进入恋爱的比例，全部都高于男性。除了两个例外：「穷」和「认为自己配不上对方」。

男性更多的忧虑在于，自己的经济基础不足以进入或维系恋爱关系。相对于女性，他们倾向于把财务稳定视作爱情的先决条件，将近一半（48.9%）的男性会因为「穷」而不敢开始恋爱。而愿意为对象付出一半以上金钱的男性，比女性多出三成。

你几乎能在所有讨论爱情的留言中，看到这一代年轻人的生存压力。

现代人的一天：早：被闹钟叫醒，坐地铁，途中玩手机，或睡觉，发呆，绝不与身旁的人说话，认识的除外，但一同上班的必为同性。上班期间：完成KPI ，业绩压力，无论是否有男女同事，不可能有爱情趋向的交流。下班途中，重复上班路上过程，只是方向相反。回家后，继续玩手机或睡觉。这种生活方式，有爱情才怪。

这是塔门此前一篇推文中点赞最高的留言。「社畜、韭菜、996、内卷、打工人、房价」，年轻人的生存困境对爱情的影响是真切又具体的。生活已经那么艰难，不努力自我提升就会被抛下，像以前那样奋不顾身、不求回报地对人好，已经过于奢侈。

社交网络上长期流行的「谈什么恋爱，搞钱才是正经事」，尽管看起来只是一句抱着开玩笑心情说出的口号，但在潜移默化中依然会贬损爱情，让本真的情感受到嘲讽、压抑。在效率至上的如今，为情所困是不得体、不理智、有缺陷的。「恋爱脑」和「舔狗」都成为用来自嘲的贬义词。

2021 年，自媒体的风向从「搞钱，不搞恋爱」的狂欢，变成了「不要攻击恋爱脑」，但另一方面，正是因为现实太难了，人们才会批判恋爱脑，认为不该因为一段关系失去理性、自我，不顾现实。

也就是说，年轻人对爱情的悲观，很大程度上是对自己未来的悲观。
是什么在加快爱情的完蛋 --当代年轻人的爱情分手底线
在社交媒体上，关于亲密关系的讨论，存在一个非常简单、单一的标准：「忠诚」。爱情模式变得更开放和多元，但是爱情关系的定义近乎缩减到了只剩唯一的一个：「忠诚」。一旦偏离这个标准，就会被劝「分」。年轻人对「出轨、小三、无缝恋爱」更是同仇敌忾的。每每有公众人物出现相关事件，就会掀起阵营一致的集体愤怒和道德宣判。

毫无意外地，「不专一」是超过八成以上的年轻人的分手线，远高于其他理由。人们已经能接受三四十岁的晚婚、离婚女性、不婚主义、丁克，甚至开始尝试开放式关系，对爱情的开放程度似乎更高，但对于「不忠诚」的态度，只比以往更加严苛。

比利时的心理治疗师埃丝特·佩瑞尔（Esther Perel）对世界范围内的人们都无法容忍出轨但都频繁出轨的现象给出了一个解释（刊登在经济学人旗下1843杂志的采访，以下引用自利维坦翻译）：她认为出轨很少是出于性欲，甚至与出轨对象也几乎无关。其实出轨意味着重获「与某人一起生活时那种活着的真实感，那些活泼的、好奇的、任性的感觉」--这些恰恰是在世俗的婚姻日常中被慢慢消磨掉的东西。佩瑞尔认为，当我们出轨，「与其说我们在寻找另一个伴侣，不如说我们是在寻找另一个自我。」

「人们寻找人生中那些终极答案的地方，从来不是自己的私生活领域。人类曾经在宗教中寻找答案，也曾经在群体中寻找，曾经几代人居住在一起。但是今天我们希望在自己和伴侣、孩子之间的关系中就能找到归属感、认同感，以及所有人生中重大问题的答案。」本质上，当伴侣逐渐成为我们在现代生活的洪流中自保的壁垒，出轨行为变得更具破坏性这一点也就说得通了。

人类学学者阎云翔表达了类似的观点：现代社会的个体不再愿意为了集体的利益和扩展家庭的绵延不绝而牺牲自己；相反，他们都通过家庭的运作来寻求自己的利益和快乐。

这种「不愿意为关系付出，但迫切地需要从关系里获得排他性关注」的状态，跟塔门的调查结果也一致。

也就是说，当代爱情的内核不再是关于对方，而是无时不刻地不指向自己。在整代人都越来越关注自我的如今，我们也能发现，社交网络里大量的「情感求助提问」，绝大多数的高赞回答都是在「劝分」。在劝分的情感讨论里，经常能看到一种说法，「 ta 只是不够爱你」、「一切皆因不够爱」。不是你不够好，而是没有遇到对的人。请嫁给爱情。

这种嫁给爱情的说法非常普遍，里面隐藏着两层含义，1. 不是你的错，2. 不是爱情的错。

那是谁的错呢？不重要。重要的是不论是进入一段关系还是从一段关系里抽离出来，人们需要的都是一个「可以保有自己」的自洽理由。让人很容易有理由退出或不进入爱情。

因此，这些分手理由常常显得非常鸡毛蒜皮，对方说了句网络流行语、英语发音不标准、刷了两小时抖音、对服务员态度不好、不合时宜地哈哈哈哈哈哈哈、对你的朋友工作父母有微词、用了句「拳师」，都可能让你退出这段关系。

另一种有欺骗性的理由是把责任归结于自己，来不断逃离关系。爱情不顺利，不是我不够好，而是没有遇到对的人。于是，爱情也越来越像试错游戏，年轻人流行着一种「逃跑」文化，「不行就分、不好就换、不合就离」。由此衍生出诸多逃避的借口，「是我不配」「我爱无能」「我可能不适合恋爱」来让自己自洽。这种自责看似自谦，最后放大的还是自我。
当代爱情里的双标 --想要从一而终的爱情，但做不到
如今年轻人流行的爱情模式是「绝对拥有，相对独立」。

这句话没说全。年轻人想要的是绝对拥有对方，不想被对方绝对拥有。

一种常见的说法是长期的一对一关系违背了生物本能。理查德·道金斯《自私的基因》的豆瓣条目下有一条短评写道：新人结婚时，不应该手搭着圣经说不论贫穷富贵健康疾病至死陪伴，应该把手放在《进化心理学》和这本书之上，宣誓：我将违背我的天性，忤逆我的本能，永远爱你。这条评论获得了六千多人点赞。

现代社会流动性高，对于恋爱中的人，喜新厌旧几乎只是时间问题，而不是道德问题。常常有浪漫想法是普遍的。在塔门的调查中，每五个人里，就有一个（19%）处在恋爱中的人，经常对其他人产生浪漫的念头或幻想。

而随着预期寿命越来越长，在 60 年间面对同一个人也将会越来越难。根据皮尤研究中心（Pew）的一项调查，有四成的美国婚姻，其中至少有一方是再婚。中国人民大学性社会学研究所所长黄盈盈，在 2018 年的一次讲座中梳理了中国人性、爱、婚姻在 40 年间的变迁，她提到，2000 年到 2015 年的四次全国调查显示，男性的终生多伴侣比例从 20%增长到近 60% ，女性是从 10% 增长到 30% 。在已婚或有固定伴侣的情况下有过外遇的比例也在上升，男性从 12% 左右上升到 35% ，女性也从 5% 上升到 15% 左右。

当代爱情的一大矛盾在于，人们比以往更迫切地需要被专一对待，又比以往更难做到专一。

佩瑞尔把原因归结为商业社会对我们的塑造，消费逻辑是不余遗力地刺激我们形成新的需求。这种「想要更新的、更不一样」的习惯，也渗透到了爱情里：「到底什么是欲望？欲望就是想要，具体要什么不重要，重要的是想要，而且明确是'我'想要，这也是消费主义的核心。」然而在婚姻中，尴尬的是人们极少对已经获得的东西继续产生欲望。「在这样一个消费主义与权利推崇的时代，我们根本不可能感到满足。」

学者沈奕斐则认为独生子女的身份，也在很大程度上导致了年轻人的爱情困难。她认为「爱的本质是对一个人产生好奇心，想要去靠近 ta 、帮助 ta 、独占 ta ，与 ta 形成联盟。因此，爱强调给予。然而年轻人从小到大所习惯的爱是被给予，这或许也是今天的爱情这么难的一个原因。」
正在变化中的当代爱情 --「爱情」这个词，已经不足以来描述现在的亲密关系了
因为追求「绝对拥有，相对独立」的现代爱情，参杂了大量犹疑、进退的空间，也让关系变得模糊、不确定，随时会被当事人取消。

现在的恋爱，常常「不那么恋爱」。

对恋爱中的人来说，无法用爱情、友情、亲情来界定一段关系的情况不在少数。超过四分之一（26.1%）的人认为，和对象相处起来，感受跟友情、亲情没什么区别。所以，现在的许多恋爱，可能更接近于「亲密关系」，或者用「有限的亲密关系」、「有浪漫元素的友情」、「亲密的合作关系」来描述更合适。

大约三分之一恋爱中的年轻人想过，「觉得现在的这段关系没什么必要」。约四成的人不确定对方想不想和自己交往。

这种「不那么像恋爱」的关系在世界范围内都在发生。

在美国，USA TODAY 刊登的一项调查显示， 69% 的人不确定他们正在约会的对象，是不是正和自己在交往。另一项针对女性的调查也表明，73% 的女性说她们「经常不能确定自己是否是在与某人交往」，19% 的女性则认为自己「从来没有真正跟人交往过」。越来越多的人处于一种「没有明确定义的情感状态」。

在日本，マンダム公司的调查也显示，将近七成日本男青年（67.9%）有女闺蜜（关系要好的女性好友），虽说是朋友，但有超过 1/3 受访者表示两人会一起逛街购物，超过 1/6 会一起投宿旅行，1/6 的人会在同一房间里睡觉。且将近三分之一（27.4%）的人表示并不想要女朋友。不少当代日本年轻人更希望处于「稳定的不确定」状态中。

在中国，以快速为特点的「crush 文化」也开始盛行，豆瓣上，自 2020 年 9 月建立的「我今天遇到一个 crush」小组，已经聚集了 15 万组员。每天都有大量的人分享自己的 crush，也就是「短暂、热烈但又羞涩的爱恋」。从「上头」到「下头」也许只需要一天。此外，不少交友软件也在推广「48 小时恋爱」、「7 天恋爱」的模式。

塔门的调查也显示，超过十分之一的人谈过短期爱情（每段恋爱只持续比较短的时间，例如 7 天、一个月）。15.9% 的人愿意主动尝试，超过五分之一（21.1%）的人如果对象提出短期恋爱，也愿意接受。短暂、模糊、暧昧的「弱连接」方式，正在当代男女之间频繁地发生。

心理学家 Paulette Sherman 在 2020 年把不确定的浪漫关系状态称为情境关系（situationship），关系在这个阶段中没有承诺，也没有标签和定义。

恋爱与单身的界限变得越来越不明显。
当代爱情的出路 --更多的相处模式正在发生
现如今，当代爱情正处于缓慢但剧烈的变革中，新旧爱情脚本混杂。年轻人解决爱情问题流行三种方式：

1. 私转公，让舆论介入

如今豆瓣、知乎谈论爱情，大多是家庭背景、彩礼、利益、观念冲突，讨论的不是爱情本身，而是和爱情有关的生态。

这种对爱情生态的讨论，跟讨要公民权利的逻辑非常一致，原本私空间的爱情，频繁地被拿到公共场合让网友去评理、一起来讨伐渣男渣女。把个人爱情问题转嫁到群体里，分摊责任。

2. 学习爱情理论，补爱情知识

另外，为了让自己对爱情更有掌控感和主导权，人们似乎史无前例地需要爱情训练。68.9% 的受访者说，自己的爱情观来自于诸如「原生家庭、亲密关系」的理论。在流行计算「投入产出比」的当下，爱情被当做一种需要用特定技巧去经营的政治。台湾大学、复旦大学、华师大、天津大学、武汉大学都开了爱情相关的课程，爱情理论的巨著、文章也层出不穷。为了爱情上课是很自然的事。每个人都自动习得了一套恋爱技术，全方位地学习爱情符号、模版。怎么判断对方爱不爱你，怎么让对方更喜欢你，情人节送什么礼物，日常怎么互动。这一切都是在说：开展现代爱情，更需要学习指南，只靠自然的情感是不够的。

3. 尝试新关系

可以认为，强绑定的关系并不适用于很多现代人。

即使是现在冠以恋爱名义的恋爱，现在看起来沿用的也不是惯常对于浪漫爱的定义--完全同频共振。塔门的调查中，六成的人能够心无芥蒂地接受，「两人在一起经常各做各的事，不想被打扰也不需要对方」。

在相处模式上，越来越多新方式被了解和接受。不同于同居婚姻的关系，它们也许更适用于需要「亲密有间」的现代人：

1. 分居婚、周末婚姻、分居式共同生活（living apart together）

新垣结衣进行分居婚的消息，让分居的正当性被广泛讨论。

在以往，夫妻分居常常被认为是因为「感情出现了问题」，亲密关系里的两人住在一起被视为理所当然。但如今，变化已经在发生。

在塔门的调查中，只有不到三成的伴侣住在一起。平时不住在一起，只在周末见面的超过两成，有10%的夫妻是周末夫妻。平时各自生活，想见面再见面的人占15.4%。高达三分之一的人都经历过，和对象见面时非常亲密，不见面的时候又觉得自己是单身。

分居作为一种现代情侣生活方式开始被推崇。两人可以保持先前的个人空间、安排和社交圈，把亲密度控制在一个舒适的范围，不至于隐私大幅缩水，女性甚至可以避开传统的家庭劳动分工。此前的调查表明，西欧、美国、加拿大、新西兰和澳大利亚，约 10%的成年人分居，而在英国，统计学上被定义为「单身」的人中，有四分之一实际上拥有一个亲密伴侣--他们只是住在别的地方。

在中国可能也有类似的情况。房价高企，出于经济理由或人生阶段的考虑，不少年轻情侣分别「寄居」在父母家，也有因为工作地点不同的，或是主动选择不住在一起的。

2. 不婚同居

承诺程度小于婚姻的同居是新趋势。

荷兰在1998年就允许两个人注册同居关系，这种关系降低了爱情的风险，因为比婚姻弹性更大，解除也没有那么麻烦。冰岛的人口统计学家阿里·克朗格·琼森（Ari Klængur Jónsson）在他的一项名为《私生子之国》（2019年）的报告中澄清道，冰岛绝大多数非婚生育并非来自单身母亲，这些婚外生育大多来自于未婚同居的情侣们。

3. 「陪伴式爱情」到「个人化婚姻」

美国社会学家 Andrew J. Cherlin 指出，美国婚姻意义的变化主要经历了三个阶段：在第一个阶段，1850 年代以前，是制度化婚姻为主。人们在结了婚之后才可以发生性行为、生育，婚外性行为或者未婚生育都是不被认可的。

从 1850 年代开始，婚姻逐渐变成变成陪伴式的关系。这个时候，人们强调的是夫妻双方不仅要是彼此的恋人，也应该是彼此最好的朋友。人们对婚姻的这种期待在以前制度化的关系下是不存在的。

近几十年来，这种陪伴式的婚姻在美国也逐渐式微。人们更关注自己在婚姻里有没有成长，有没有发展出一个令自己满意的自我。婚姻也就成为个人化婚姻。

这种「个人化婚姻」的趋势在国内也成立。

而基于伴侣数量、相处时间、空间、财产等爱情要素的不同，又能分出开放式关系、无性恋爱、契约式爱情等不同于传统婚姻模式的新关系。
仍然混沌一片的出口
大众对这些新关系的接受程度仍旧很低，在塔门的调查中，七成的人（71.9%）不能接受开放式关系、83.1% 不接受多边关系。

但塔门的调查中，如果有机会，超过三成的年轻人，想要或已经尝试过 「开放式关系」。将近五分之一的人想要或尝试过「多边关系」。

（需要申明的是，无论是开放式关系还是多边恋，都需要在知情同意的前提下。纯粹的性开放和性欺骗不在讨论中。）

关于开放式关系的质疑：许多人认为这只是「渣男渣女」的概念包装。一种说法认为，这是自恋时代一种不负责任的逃避，并不能建立深刻的关系连接。另一种说法是它是社交网络时代里对人的「信任」的不信任，人们在互联网上有无限的自由选择，只会让人频繁地陷入疲惫的空虚里。

支持的人，则认为「当代人的情感需求，已经无法长时间被一同个人满足」，新关系是摆脱「落后的，已经不合时宜的爱情模式」的必然探索。

而另一个被探索的出口，是技术：人工智能、不需要真人参与的陪伴/速食关系。

一方面，摆出条件的交友模式逐渐受到年轻人的欢迎。「软件交友」本质上和包办婚姻、相亲类似，都是按照条件检索、配对，一个媒介是媒人，一个是互联网平台。2020 年 12 月，日本政府宣布，已从年度预算中拨出 20 亿日元，支持地方政府在婚姻活动中使用 AI，在日本政府看来，AI 能更高效地匹配恋人，从而促进结婚率及出生率。

另一部分年轻人不愿意和真人慢慢谈恋爱了。和纸片人谈恋爱、追星恋爱、在淘宝上购买虚拟恋人服务、在交友软件上找约会对象，都成为和真人恋爱的「平替」。Tidio AI 在 2021 年的一项调研发现，超过四成的受访者能够接受把机器人当作自己的伴侣，48% 的男性和 33%的女性表示，接受「和机器人发生浪漫关系」。这些方式把谈恋爱当作应对孤独的解决方案，而不是为了爱慕对象甘愿磨合、冒险、忍受痛苦的过程，本质上，和饿了就打开外卖软件没有区别。

塔门「当代爱情光谱生成计划」是Yiyouth「WAVE WAVE * 浪潮&浪潮」青年季IP大事件的一部分。从今年10月起，「WAVE WAVE * 浪潮&浪潮」青年季活动全面开启，聚合跨媒介潮流艺术展、三大青年IP事件、两份年度青年消费榜单，连接青年与浪潮。我们想要成为一个支点，通过持续迭代输出新锐智趣的多形态内容，撑住你，也撬动点什么。

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2021年，中国年轻人的爱情观发生了什么变化

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作 者 | 钟宛彤 编 辑 王朝靖 设 计 张 灿 特邀合作伙伴 澎湃号·湃客 即刻 1923 年，离现在将近 100 年，北大哲学系教授张竞生在《晨报副刊》发表了自己的爱情四项定则，引发了一场爱情观的大讨论： 一、爱情是有条件的。这些条件包括感情、人格、才能、名誉、财产等项。条件愈完全，爱情愈浓厚。 二、爱情是可比较的。爱情既是有条件的，所以同时就是可比较的东西。以组合爱情条件的多少和浓薄作为择偶标准，是人类心理中的必然定则。 三、爱情是可以变迁的。有比较自然有选择，有选择自然希望善益求善，所以爱情是变迁的，不是凝固不变的。 四、夫妻为朋友的一种。夫妻的关系与朋友的交好有相似的性质，不同之处是夫妻比密切的朋友更加密切，所以夫妻的爱情应比浓厚的友情更加浓厚，夫妻若无浓厚的爱情，就不免于离散。 后来加入这场讨论的鲁迅认为，张竞生的观点恐怕要在25世纪才能得以实现。 事实上，爱情观可能变化得比鲁迅所预计的更快。 出于想要了解2021年中国年轻人对爱情的态度，现在的他们需要什么样的亲密的关系，为什么现在人们的爱情观是这样的，塔门在 11 月初开展了一次调查 。 调查共收回了 2628 份问卷。其中女性占了七成，六成年轻人目前处于单身，大多拥有本科及以上的学历，住在一线/新一线城市。90 后、95 后、00 后占了样本数的 92.3% 。 下面是我们的一些发现： 不只是恐婚，年轻人开始质疑婚姻制度 --婚姻不再是一个人生必选项，不到四分之一的女性认为自己适合婚姻 这次调查再一次证明，人们正在对婚姻失去兴趣。尤其是女性。 超过一半的人（54.2%）对待婚姻制度的态度是：「不支持、不反对」。 每二十个人里就有一个人认为「现在的婚姻制度已经过时，不适用维系亲密关系」。 在效率至上的时代，婚姻越来越只是一种合作关系和社会契约。 女性尤其意识到，自己进入婚姻的机会成本更高。 在女性中，不到四分之一（23%）的人认为自己适合结婚，而男性却有 35%。但在对恋爱态度的调查中，没有发现这种性别差异。这说明在婚姻这件事上，女性更加谨慎。 原因在于，爱情面对的是情感逻辑，而婚姻面对的是现实、制度逻辑。而这种本意为保障支持的制度设计，现在却可能让以结婚为目的的爱情看起来危险。日本女性主义学者上野千鹤子认为：浪漫爱情也许可以将女儿从「父亲的权力」中解放出来，而另一方面却会使其落入「丈夫的权力」中。 许多家庭内部的角色，生孩子、养孩子、赡养年迈的父母、做家务，都随着结婚被打包在一起，但这种「捆绑销售」的对象依然是妻子。一项新研究表明，「和妻子一起做家务」依然是男性表达爱意的方式，而做家务对多数女性来说只是职责。 在婚姻制度的逻辑下，男性看起来更像是集体得利者。在塔门的调查中，接近一半的男性支持婚姻制度，比女性多出近两成。而女性的结婚意愿明显低于男性。每 6 个不到的女性，就有一个恐婚，担心婚姻会伤害自己。如今，拥有经济自主权的女性也更勇于提出退出关系。根据最高人民法院的数据，在全国离婚案件中，有 73.4% 都由女性提出。 每 20 个人里，就有 1 个认为： 现在的婚姻制度已经过时，不适用维系亲密关系 在塔门的调查中，只有三分之一的年轻人支持婚姻制度，对婚姻更多的情绪，是审慎、消极，甚至敌对，也就是说，现如今，婚姻对爱情的霸权已经被消解。中国社科院和社科文献出版社联合发布的《 2008 年中国社会形势分析与预测》报告发现，超过半数的人认为「恐婚」已经是一个平常的社会现象。2020 年末，一篇《我是如何成为反婚主义者的？》大范围传播，作者是一名哥大博士，认为婚姻体制的本质是剥削和压榨女性，并希望女性应该更多理解这一点，再基于此做出更清醒的选择。 对婚姻的恐惧，一定程度和社交媒体、大众文化和负面事件有关。在恐婚人群中，爱情观受到名人家暴/出轨/ PUA 等新闻影响的比例，要比总体高出 15% ，而受到「性别问题的讨论，女权意识」、以及「社交媒体，情感大V、豆瓣小组」影响的人，也多了 11% 和 7% 。 年轻人不愿意结婚，那恋爱呢？ 年轻人并没有对爱情失望， 只是对自己的爱情，充满悲观 塔门的调查发现，在年轻人描述爱情的 30 个词里，排名靠前的全部是积极正面的词，陪伴（80.4%）、信任（76.8%）、成长（73.7%），以及责任（72.4%）、亲密（64.1%）快乐（63.9%）等。 而忍耐、麻烦、消耗、矫情，这些负面的词即便经常在现实关系里发生，但是在整个排名里，全部垫底，只占 23.5%、 11.9%、11.0%、5.5% 。 ...

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“轻解压”，正成为年轻人放松的新趋势

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“轻解压”，正成为年轻人放松的新趋势

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炎炎夏日，大家都怎样舒缓心灵的压力?近日，话题"90后沉迷看别人做家务解压"登上热搜，而在小红书等网络社区平台，类似"围观做家务"一样的轻解压内容，也正成为流行趋势。

小红书话题"我有独特的解压技巧"下，汇总了网友们各式各样的解压方式，其中包括萌宠、美食、运动、旅行风光等"经典"项目，也有诸如家居收纳、开榴莲、tufting(戳毛线)等新奇解压方式的内容。

"好多内容都是自然生长出来的，我们事先也没有想到，大家的解压方式这么丰富多彩。"负责小红书相关内容运营的许阳说，"这些内容里也有一些共性，比如都不是单纯追求感官的沉迷，而是和日常生活紧密相关。"

轻解压：随手可得的放松方式

相关人士分析表示，轻解压成为流行，主要与以下原因有关。

首先，压力的来源正在变得"小型化"。过去，大家的压力往往有确定的来源，然而，当下节奏越来越快，压力来源变得细碎但密度更高，解压的方式也随之发生了调整，能让人随时随地获得放松的轻解压自然也变得流行。

其次，传统的解压方式难以满足现代人的需求，甚至适得其反。冥想、读书和运动是传统解压的"三件套"，不过，以这类方式解压，往往变成了一种"竞赛"，竞争谁读的书更多，竞争谁跑的步更远，容易会带来新的压力。

与传统解压方式相比，轻解压更讲究愉悦感和生活感。

愉悦感是轻解压的核心体验。"轻解压非常讲究愉悦，"心理学家严艺家说，"大家会想要通过一些低成本的、随手可得的方式让自己有一些愉悦感。你去捏气泡纸也好，还是去敲一个电饭煲的颂钵也罢，它这个瞬间的这一个让我有很舒服的体验，似乎让自己这个生活当中有点甜。"

生活感则让轻解压有了更多元的面向。许阳表示，"家居收纳"是90后最喜欢看的解压内容之一，但00后用户则并不热衷这类内容。根据他们的分析，这与他们的生活状态相关，"00后大多还没开始独立生活，还不需要操持家务，但90后不论是租房还是买房，都已经需要安排好自己的生活，对这类内容自然更容易共情。"

轻解压经济悄然流行

随着轻解压的流行，轻解压经济也开始影响线下。

过去几年，在市场和消费者的共同探索下，偏娱乐休闲放松的轻解压产业迎来蓬勃发展，催生了"密室逃脱""剧本杀""解压馆"等新型娱乐方式和商业模式，一些头部公司甚至吸引了投资基金的注意。

Tufting也在近一年成为新的潮流。Tufting直译为"簇绒"，或是"戳戳秀"，原本是工厂里用来制作地毯的工艺，如今简化成为一种新潮的手工DIY方式。它挖掘了普通人的艺术潜力，满足了大众对于社交和自我展示的需求，因此成为"轻解压经济"的新宠。

今年一季度，小红书上tufting相关内容同比增长近5倍，线下店也在蓬勃发展。记者在点评平台上搜索"tufting"，北京、上海和广州均有超过一千多条相关内容。有广州店主对媒体表示，接近80%的tufting是2022年才开门营业。

与tufting类似，手账也呈现出爆发的趋势。手账最初作为一种"高端日记"传入中国，属于文具的范畴，但在小红书上，做手帐、晒用品等正成为热门内容，成为可高度定制化的"文具潮玩"，也带动了手账销量的上涨。

心理学家严艺家认为，轻解压内容和相关产业的发展，背后反映的还是年轻人认真生活的态度。"就跟四季变化一样，会有春夏秋冬的时候，我们在不同的模式下，就是要学会用不同的方式去应对。适当让自己放慢一些脚步，让自己过得更舒服一点，恰恰是一个人非常有生命力的一种表现。"

(来源：新视线)

责任编辑：曹蕊

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小红书流行起来的"轻解压"，正成为年轻人放松的新趋势

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小红书流行起来的"轻解压"，正成为年轻人放松的新趋势

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cpi 中老铁路 南水北调

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国家统计局：CPI企稳回升，PPI表现平稳；云南：中老铁路2024年累计发送旅客超500万人次。

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黄蔼莹

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1OhVIZJau9GYlQx_WqpTez5vdMdmD5x69sxzNiV7gArA/edit?usp=sharing

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点这里 (˵ •̀ ᴗ •́ ˵ ) ✧

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412第二单元 小组讨论

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1men-GtPWMN_9CLP7p0R0aYb-0zXsRVZnl4bNTtWDgq0/edit?usp=sharing

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1jCWsFlbpzNW6Cg5VZEhwQnseg90p5Iv18NMihc5HZsw/edit#slide=id.g268c0d7a2ba_0_0

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12 月 28 日下午 2 点，小米汽车技术发布会正式启幕，同步亮相首款车型 小米SU7 。

图源：小米汽车微博

据介绍，小米SU7打造出海湾蓝、雅灰、橄榄绿三种车身色彩，旨在为消费者带来回归自然的美感体验。

但小米汽车外观设计一发出，就有不少网友认为，设计跟保时捷帕拉梅拉设计有点像，小米汽车存在抄袭嫌疑。

图源：小红书博主 不懂车帝

随后，众多网友加入吐槽，就连一加设计师也戏称小米汽车"贴上LOGO就是年轻人的第一辆保时捷"。

不过，也有网友分析指出，小米汽车和保时捷帕拉梅拉同属于运动型轿车，难免有些相似之处，并且该设计并不是保时捷专利，很多品牌都有类似的车型，"说小米汽车抄袭保时捷是对小米汽车设计团队的不尊重。"

图源：小红书

此外，在看到小米SU7橄榄绿设计后，"脑洞大开"的网友，联想到了出租车，并发布了一张合成图，看起来毫无违和感。

图源：微博博主 装甲战熊

据透露，小米汽车的目标是通过 15 到 20 年的努力，成为全球前五的汽车厂商，为中国汽车工业全面崛起而奋斗。

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此前，小米已经官宣，将于 28 日下午召开 小米汽车技术发布会，届时 小米汽车 SU7 也会正式亮相。 27日，小米通过官微发文称：" 我们深知汽车工业之复杂，我们深知开拓之不易，向中国新能源汽车先行者致敬。" 其中点名提到，向比亚迪、蔚来、小鹏、理想、华为等先行者致敬。 而后，吉利汽车集团副总裁 @杨学良 Victor 转发 @雷军 发布的 小米汽车 致敬比亚迪的博文，并称宣发 " 过了 "。

小米汽车，终于要来了。 此前，雷军亲自宣传、 小米汽车官方"极限"预热，很快该消息便引发网友关注。 近日， 小米汽车官方信息也进行了更新：12月28日 小米汽车将会进行技术发布会，之前预热的小米SU7也将会在 小米汽车技术发布会上同步亮相。 值得注意的是， 小米汽车 官方账号已经换了logo头像，黑底银色xiaomi组合，看上去质感十足。

在万众期待之下， 小米汽车发布会如期举行了。 比起汽车本身，更有意思的似乎是 小米汽车的宣发以及发布会。 据新浪科技统计，在雷军昨晚发布的全程回顾文章中，他多次提及"最"和"唯一"，其中"最"字达到52处，其中涉及 小米汽车 的约有40次，包括"最先进""最完整""最严苛""最核心"等等。

今日工信部公布了此前备受关注的 小米汽车的申报信息，并揭晓了 小米汽车 产品商标，汽车前后车标皆出自日本国际著名设计师原研哉之手。

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小米汽车SU7重磅亮相，却被网友质疑抄袭保时捷

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12月28日，小米首款车型SU7正式发布，不少网友认为小米汽车外观与保时捷帕拉梅拉过度相像，认为其存在抄袭嫌疑。

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老外看中國、老外看台灣 | A Laowai's View of China & Taiwan | 郝毅博 Ben Hedges

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今天的山寨沒有極限！中國山寨大全│老外看中國│郝毅博 Ben Hedges│新唐人電視台

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回顾中国建国以来66年生育政策演变小史

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简单回顾建国以来66年的生育政策，可以发现，整体呈现出由松到紧，又由紧到松的变化趋势。

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2020年全国教育事业发展情况 - 中华人民共和国教育部政府门户网站

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2020年，面对严峻复杂的国内外环境，特别是新冠肺炎疫情严重冲击，教育系统坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，认真贯彻落实党中央、国务院各项决策部署，按照高质量发展根本要求，积极推进教育事业改革发展，各项工作取得了新的突破性进展，各级各类教育均取得较大成就，《国家教育事业发展第十三个五年规划》圆满收官。

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中国实行统一的学制，现行中国教育学制分初等教育、中等教育、高等教育。 1985年5月，中共中央《关于教育体制改革的决定》提出，要有步骤地实行九年制义务教育 (小学6年，初中3年)。

初等教育: 由普通小学和成人初等学校提供。普通小学招收6 ~ 7岁儿童入学，普及初等教育，修业年限5 ~ 6年。成人初等学校目的是为了扫盲，主要学习语 文和算术。

(中等教育: 由普通中学提供，分初中 (3年)、高中 (2 ~ 3年)两个阶段。学生初中毕业后， 除进升普通中学完成高中课程外，还可以进入职业学校(3年)、 或技术学校(2 ~ 3年)、或中等 专业学校(3 ~ 4年)、或成人业余中等学校(2 ~ 3年)完成中等教育阶段。

高等教育: 分为专科教育、本科教育及研究生教育三个层次。专科教育修业年限2至3年，本科4至5年，硕士研究生2至3年，博士研究生3至4年。全国有2000多间普通高等学校，学生高中毕业后，可经参加一年一度的全国高等学校统一考试进入高等学校。

高等教育除由普通高等学校提供外，也有900多所提供学位课程的成人高等教育学校。 如广播电视大学、由大学举办的函授大学和夜大学、或独立函授学院，都提供学位课程，此外还可通过高等教育自学考试获取高等学历。

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中国实行统一的学制，现行中国教育学制分初等教育、中等教育、高等教育。 1985年5月，中共中央《关于教育体制改革的决定》提出，要有步骤地实行九年制义务教育 (小学6年，初中3年)。 初等教育: 由普通小学和成人初等学校提供。普通小学招收6 ~ 7岁儿童入学，普及初等教育，修业年限5 ~ 6年。成人初等学校目的是为了扫盲，主要学习语 文和算术。 (中等教育: 由普通中学提供，分初中 (3年)、高中 (2 ~ 3年)两个阶段。学生初中毕业后， 除进升普通中学完成高中课程外，还可以进入职业学校(3年)、 或技术学校(2 ~ 3年)、或中等 专业学校(3 ~ 4年)、或成人业余中等学校(2 ~ 3年)完成中等教育阶段。 高等教育: 分为专科教育、本科教育及研究生教育三个层次。专科教育修业年限2至3年，本科4至5年，硕士研究生2至3年，博士研究生3至4年。全国有2000多间普通高等学校，学生高中毕业后，可经参加一年一度的全国高等学校统一考试进入高等学校。 高等教育除由普通高等学校提供外，也有900多所提供学位课程的成人高等教育学校。 如广播电视大学、由大学举办的函授大学和夜大学、或独立函授学院，都提供学位课程，此外还可通过高等教育自学考试获取高等学历。

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新任中国教育部党组书记怀进鹏被中国官媒称为是"最适合"执掌教育部的人选。面对沈疴已久的中国义务教育乱象，学者出身的怀进鹏未来将如何贯彻 "双减"政策，以有效减轻中小学生的课业压力和校外培训的负担，将是横在他眼前的挑战之一。
双减政策能减负吗？
中共中央7月底公布《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》，正式定调"双减"政策并严打校外培训机构以来，中国民怨可谓沸腾，不仅校外培训业者一片哀鸿遍野、中概教育股股价大跌，就连家长们也大多不领情。

中国部分民众说，他们对中国的教育前景实在难以乐观得起来。一位中国网民透过微博贴文提醒新科教育部长:"事实证明，人民对这几年的教育是很不满意的。"而另一位网民则直言批评他即将执掌的教育部"这些年成为了资本的围猎场。"更有网民透过微博贴文、语带悲观地说，中国教育体系"积重难返，病去如抽丝。看看吧！"

对此，移居上海多年的台商赵先生在接受美国之音采访时表示，如果怀进鹏上任后，只是贯彻执行已落地的"双减"政策，那么他担心，最后恐怕会让父母社经地位偏低的孩子们，更难以翻身。因为，他说，双减政策在他看来，只是让资源的重新分配变得越来越畸形。赵先生说:"有些老师可能就会针对他班上比较好的学生，他可能就会在校外开课，或者是说家教可能会变相地出现，我自己感觉它(双减政策)只是会加重资源分配的更加畸形"。

换句话说，中国的应试制度不改，就算表面上"双减"了，但高竞争强度的升学压力仍会换个面貌存在，不会消失。
"减负"沦为口号 压力不减反增
赵先生说，他的小孩入学多年来，他听过各式各样的"减负"口号，但几年过去了，孩子和家长们共同承担的课业负担却不减反增。赵先生说:"每一个家长都会抱怨说，老师会不停地给家长任务，就是家长要怎么样配合学校做功课，要督导学生的功课，而且最好笑就是，你交作业给老师，还必须是全部正确的，就是老师要求你(家长)应该先批过一遍，把他(学生)错误的都改正之后再交给老师"。

除了繁重的课业，父母们为了不让孩子输在起跑点上，放学后还要送他们去参加英文、数学学科类培训课程。这除了加重孩子们的课业压力外，校外培训班年年涨价，也让家长吃不消。赵先生说，他身边多数的上海年轻夫妻，月薪不过6、7千块人民币(美金1,080元)，但光是一门每周两小时的数学课，一学期就得花上7千元人民币，更别说一对一的英语外师，也涨到一堂45分钟的课要价600元人民币。他说，普通家庭若没有爷爷奶奶的资助，根本无法负荷。

对于"双减"这新瓶装旧酒的政策，赵先生说，很多家长根本看不到减负的曙光。他说，过去两周来，校外培训龙头新东方教育集团的许多线下培训据点突然关闭，让家长群里几乎像炸开了锅般，接着就出现一副"上有政策、下有对策"的忙乱景象:有人忙着将孩子往离家更远的据点送，而有人则是三五成群"开小灶"自己凑人数找地点，再请老师来上课，根本少有人响应中央的政策，让孩子自此和课后班说拜拜。
校外教培业去资本化
分析人士说，家长对双减政策的不领情，源自于校外培训班虽是禁掉了，但升学主义和中考的门坎却没有改变。现行普通高中的录取率仍只有五、六成，这让望子成龙、望女成凤的家长们说什么也要让孩子提早准备，从小学和初中就开始拉开考试成绩，以便挤进那道升学的窄门。

对比家长的焦虑，这两周来，全中国号称有70万家、上千万从业人口、总市值高达八千亿人民币的教培产业者也是一片愁云惨雾，尤其是新东方等这些树大招风的龙头公司。

根据"双减"政策之规定，现有学科类培训机构将统一登记为非营利机构、也不准上市融资，甚至溯及既往，"已违规的，要进行整治清理"。这等于迫使培训机构必须"去产业化"、"去资本化"，立即剥离最赚钱的培训班，或是转型为提供文化或艺术等素质教育或是职业培训的机构。

"双减"出台后，中国各级政府严打教培业。湖北省多个城市宣布动用"扫黄打非"办公室，排查校外培训机构，而北京市场监管局则宣布，已查察各类在线线下培训超过6千家次。重庆更重手处理违规违法的培训机构多达984家。校外培训业者几乎跟犯罪画上等号，彷佛处于过街老鼠、人人喊打的处境。
"双减"出台 教培业股价暴跌
"双减"一上路，包括在美国上市的许多中概教育股股价一泻千里，其中，新东方、好未来等超过10家公司的年内跌幅高达八、九成。而据《中国经济网》报导，高途集团更宣布直接裁员三分之一，导致上万人失业。

对于官方把改革大刀砍向近年赚得盆满钵满的教培业，位于上海的独立经济学家谢国忠大表赞同。他认为，教育本就不该朝私有化发展，因为容易变成以赚钱为导向。

谢国忠分析，官方以"减负"为名，严打校外培训业，真正想要减轻的并非学童而是家长的负担。他说，去年第七次人口普查暴露了中国生育率不足、人口老龄化的社会问题，在此前提下，为了提高生育率，官方近期放宽"三胎政策"，但官方发现，年轻夫妻不生小孩的主因除了高房价和扶养成本外，每年动辄五、六万元人民币的补课费，也是扶养成本中沉重的一环，因此，生养小孩的时间和金钱负荷若无法减轻，家长们是没有信心生养二胎或三胎的。谢国忠说: "中国文化是吃苦耐劳的文化，但现在看到就是老百姓这个苦吃不起了，这个负担太重了!所以你这个体制必须要改。"

人口和人才是中国维持国力最重要的战略。综合媒体的预测，如果中国新生儿的出生率持续走滑，2050年之后每年出生人口将下降到300万以下，而死亡人口将达2500万以上，届时，人口将严重失衡。而2070年后，每年新增的男性劳动力人口将不到150万，远低于现在每年有870万左右的大学毕业生可投入职场。换言之，中国若无法翻转新生儿出生率骤降的趋势，50年后中国经济、社会和国家安全将受到很大的冲击。
禁外资限外师 强化意识形态
此外，"双减"新规也禁止外资通过收购、受托经营等方式控股或参股培训机构。除严禁提供境外教育课程外，也严格规范外籍师资，尤其"禁聘境外的外籍人员"，这等于直接掐断国外语言师资在线授课的途径。

去年新冠疫情爆发以来，滞留中国的外师越来越少，新聘外师也因为签证等问题无法入境，因此，近期无论是教培业还是公私立学校，都很难聘请到足额的外籍师资。

早在今年3月的全国两会中，就曾有政协委员提议降低英文权重、并取消其主科地位。8月6日上海市教委更是剑及履及，直接宣布小学取消英语期末考试，引发民间热议。
教改反国际化 不利中国发展

中国教育开始排外或拒绝国际化课程，位于台北的中华经济研究院助理研究员王国臣认为，绝非正途，尤其忽视英文教育对中国这个出口型的经济体而言，恐怕不切实际。王国臣向美国之音表示:"英语是国际的语言，所以你要跟全世界打交道或者尤其在科技独立自主创新的方面，你可能还是要仰赖美国的(语言)，或是仰赖英语去沟通、发表，譬如说像SSCI(学术期刊)"。

对于中国教改出现反国际化的声浪，位于台北的国家政策研究基金会副研究员卢宸纬则认为，这和中共想控制的意识型态有关。她说，义务教育阶段形塑学童的国家及世界观，尤其共产主义国家格外重视价值观，因此不难想象，中国政府会对外师使用境外教材，透过网络教学与中国学生互动的教学样态感到疑虑。

对照近年中国逐渐紧缩的政治氛围，卢宸纬和王国臣都直言，未来中国会在各校园强化意识形态的学习。

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中国应试制度不改，"双减"只能令教育资源分配更畸形

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新任中国教育部党组书记怀进鹏被中国官媒称为是"最适合"执掌教育部的人选。面对沈疴已久的中国义务教育乱象，学者出身的怀进鹏未来将如何贯彻 "双减"政策，以有效减轻中小学生的课业压力和校外培训的负担，将是横在他眼前的挑战之一。 双减政策能减负吗？ ...

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财新网：70年生育政策和人口危机

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财新网：70年生育政策和人口危机

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1949-2021中国计划生育史（从鼓励生育到鼓励生育）

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【视知百科】中国的山寨货是如何碾压世界的？720P版

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以前做的一个小玩意，充当自我介绍了嘿嘿

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何伟

今年一年级

专业是数据科学

17年中文

学中文因为在中国长大 有中国亲戚 所以继续学习

爱好运动

有趣的事情，以前在中国住，

假期 去滑雪跟朋友

新年计划学好数学

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我叫XYZ，……的X，……的Y，……的Z

我今年……年级，我的专业是……

我学汉语……年了。

我之所以学中文是因为……

我的爱好是……

关于我一个有趣的事情是：

假期发生的一件事：

我的新年计划是......

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1ttbDw8yiUYZCd3-7MpNEteWKebM9SHxQol9mrAhXWFc/edit#slide=id.g2a3be647db8_0_205

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期终报告：中华人民共和国境外非政府组织境内活动管理法

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State of South Carolina v. Richard Alexander Murdaugh was the trial of American former lawyer Alex Murdaugh for the murder of his wife, Maggie, and their 22-year-old son, Paul, on June 7, 2021. The trial in the fourteenth circuit of the South Carolina Circuit Court began on January 25, 2023, and ended on March 2 with a guilty verdict on all four counts. Murdaugh, who had pleaded not guilty, was sentenced to two life sentences to run consecutively without the possibility of parole. Murdaugh's attorneys have filed a notice of appeal.

Local media called the trial South Carolina's " trial of the century" and "arguably one of the most high-profile and sensational cases in South Carolina legal history".

Background, murders, and investigation

Alex is a member of the Murdaugh family, a locally prominent family of attorneys. Paul Murdaugh had been under indictment, accused of driving a boat into a bridge while drunk, killing boat passenger Mallory Beach.

Alex called Maggie on June 7, 2021, and asked her to meet him at the Murdaugh family lodge. He wanted the two of them to travel together from there to see his father, Randolph Murdaugh III, who was terminally ill. Maggie texted a friend, saying Alex sounded "fishy" and was "up to something." After parking her car at the house, she walked to the dog kennels, where she found her son, Paul. Alex called police from his cell phone at 10:06 p.m., saying he had discovered the bodies of his wife, Maggie (52), and their younger son, Paul (22), near the dog kennels at the family's hunting lodge, in Islandton, South Carolina. Each had been shot multiple times (in the head, wrists, and chest), with different guns. Murdaugh claimed that at the time of the killings he had been with his mother, who has dementia; however, cellphone data, including video containing Alex's voice, placed him at the scene before their deaths.

In October 2021, it was revealed that South Carolina Law Enforcement Division (SLED) had regarded Alex as a person of interest in the homicides since the start of the investigation. The investigation was heavily criticized by Murdaugh's defense attorney, Dick Harpootlian, during trial. The crime scene was spoiled by rain, the police reportedly failed to collect various evidence, and allowed family members and friends to walk through the scene.

Murdaugh was arrested in July 2022 after the Colleton County Grand Jury issued an indictment charging him with two counts of murder and two counts of possession of a weapon during the commission of a violent crime in the deaths of his wife, Maggie, and of his son Paul. The indictment stated that Alex shot his wife with a rifle and his son with a shotgun. Murdaugh pleaded not guilty; prosecutors said they would seek life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, not the death penalty.

The trial was held at the Colleton County Courthouse in Walterboro, South Carolina

Murdaugh's trial began January 25, 2023, at the Colleton County Courthouse in Walterboro, South Carolina, with instructions from the judge and opening statements from the prosecution and defense. Murdaugh was represented by Dick Harpootlian and Jim Griffin. The cases were overseen by Clifton Newman. Creighton Waters, chief prosecutor for the state grand jury, led the prosecuting team against Murdaugh. John Meadors, a Columbia attorney with extensive experience in murder trials, was hired by the Attorney General of South Carolina as part of the prosecuting team.

Defense counsel argued that the prosecution should be prohibited from asking questions related to Murdaugh's financial crimes but the judge overruled their objections and announced he would make a formal ruling on the matter on Thursday, February 2, 2023. The judge dismissed the jury early on Thursday, February 2, in order for the prosecution to present two witnesses who testified in chambers about Murdaugh's financial crimes. The judge said that he needed to hear more testimony privately before ruling whether these witnesses would be allowed to testify before the jury.

On February 6, after several days of hearing arguments without the jury present, Judge Newman ruled that the testimony related to Murdaugh's alleged financial crimes was admissible: he said that jurors were entitled to consider whether Murdaugh's financial situation was a motive for the killings. Newman also said that defense counsel had opened the door to testimony about the alleged financial crimes when they asked a witness to speculate about a possible motive for Murdaugh to commit the murders. A bomb threat on February 8 forced the court to recess for several hours.

On February 13, Judge Newman announced that two jurors had been dismissed and replaced with alternate jurors because they had tested positive for COVID-19. On February 24, a new charge was filed against Murdaugh for passing contraband in the courtroom. At the defense's request, the jury visited the murder scene. Closing arguments began on March 1. On March 2, Judge Newman announced that he had been notified that a juror had discussed the evidence presented. The juror was dismissed for improper conduct and an alternate replaced her. Attorney Creighton Waters delivered the state's closing statement, and attorney Jim Griffin delivered the defense's closing statement. Attorney John Meadors delivered the state's reply and final argument. The jury was charged and began deliberating on March 2.

The first prosecution witnesses included first responders on the scene after Murdaugh's 911 call. The prosecution asked the judge to compel a representative of Snapchat to testify about a video posted by Paul Murdaugh minutes before his death. The prosecution brought SLED witnesses to testify about firearms and ballistics, and an interview conducted with Murdaugh in a car on June 21, 2021, during which Murdaugh said of his son, "It's just so bad. I did him so bad," which Waters emphasized for the jury. The defense team disputed whether the recording said "I" or "they". The prosecution brought an expert witness to testify about data collected by Maggie's phone. The prosecution brought two close friends of Paul Murdaugh to testify about their interactions with the Murdaugh family and their communications with Paul moments before his death. A witness said he heard Alex's voice in a video taken by Paul minutes before the time the prosecution believes the murders took place.

Prosecutors called former colleagues and clients of Murdaugh to testify about the defendant's financial situation just before the murders occurred, and argued that the motive was stress caused by the impending discovery of Murdaugh's financial crimes. They also called a chief executive officer of a local bank to testify about the bank's discovery of theft by Murdaugh.

Prosecutors called expert witnesses, including a criminologist and pathologist. They called a SLED agent to testify about a timeline for the events of June 7, aggregating all of the data collected from various sources, including the cell-phones of the victims and the defendant, car telemetry data, and cell-phone tower pings. Prosecutors rested their case on February 17.

Defense counsel called their first witness immediately after the prosecution rested their case. They called the Colleton County coroner, who testified that he had only estimated the victims' body temperatures and that the reported time of death was an estimate.

On February 21, the defense called the defendant's other son, Buster, to the stand. The defense called several expert witnesses, including a crime-scene engineer, who re-created the crime scene and argued that the presumed height of the shooter was not consistent with the defendant's height. Another expert witness testified that he believed the crime scene was not handled properly by first responders.

On February 23, Murdaugh took the stand to testify. He denied shooting his wife and son. Murdaugh confirmed that he could be heard in a video taken by his son at 8:44 p.m. at the kennels. Murdaugh admitted repeatedly lying to law officers about whether he had been at the kennels at the night of the killings (before he reported finding the bodies there later that night), and attributed the lies to "paranoid thinking" from his addiction to opioids. He also admitted stealing from legal clients and his firm, and also admitted asking a relative to shoot him. The prosecution's cross-examination began the same day. Murdaugh finished his testimony the next day, and Judge Newman dismissed the jury immediately after it concluded.

The defense called a pathologist, who testified that the state's pathologist had not correctly determined the entrance and exit wounds on Paul's body. The defense also called Tim Palmbach, an expert in bloodstain spatter analysis. Palmbach has also testified in such high-profile cases as the trial of Michael Peterson. Palmbach testified that he believed that a shooter would have been covered in blood and gunshot residue; he also stated that he believed that the evidence was consistent with two shooters being present. The last witness the defense called was the defendant's brother, John Marvin Murdaugh. On February 27, the defense rested their case and moved for a directed verdict, which was subsequently denied by Judge Newman.

After the defense rested their case, the prosecution indicated they would reply to the defense's case. On February 28, the prosecution began their reply case by calling witnesses. Four of the witnesses they called had testified earlier. A police chief who had associated with Murdaugh was also called to the stand. The final witness was a crime-scene expert called previously; South Carolina Attorney General Alan Wilson conducted the direct examination. The prosecution rested their reply case on February 28.

On March 2, 2023, after only three hours of deliberation, the jury found Murdaugh guilty of two counts of murder and two counts of possession of a weapon during a violent crime. Because of the intense public interest in the case, the verdict was transmitted live across the United States on major broadcast and cable news networks. After the verdict was read, Judge Newman denied a motion from the defense for a mistrial by saying, "The evidence of guilt is overwhelming." He told the jurors, "The circumstantial evidence, direct evidence-all of the evidence pointed to one conclusion, and that's the conclusion that you all reached." Newman later added that the jury had come to a "proper conclusion as they saw the law and facts". Murdaugh was sentenced to two consecutive life sentences without the possibility of parole on March 3, 2023, at 10:08 a.m. EST. After his sentencing, Murdaugh was taken to the Kirkland Correctional Institution, in northwestern Columbia, South Carolina, where he was to be evaluated for about 45 days to determine which maximum-security prison he would be sent to.

After the verdict, prosecutors held a press conference. The defense took questions from media the day after sentencing and said that they would appeal the verdict. Defense attorney Jim Griffin said the Murdaugh family was "steadfastly in Alex's camp". In an interview a few days after the sentencing, Murdaugh's older brother, Randy, said he believed that his brother had not told the whole truth about what he knew about the killings.

On March 9, Murdaugh's attorneys filed a notice of appeal with the South Carolina Court of Appeals.

On March 21, CNN and other media outlets reported that items from the Murdaugh Moselle property would be auctioned off in a sale conducted by Georgia-based Liberty Auction on March 23. Items sold included antlers, turtle-shell lamps and furniture.

On May 24, the US Attorney's Office, District of South Carolina announced that a federal grand jury returned an indictment of 22 counts for money laundering, wire fraud, bank fraud and conspiracy to commit wire fraud and bank fraud.

On September 3, Murdaugh's attorneys announced that they had evidence to file for a new murder trial. At a press conference held on September 5, Murdaugh attorneys Dick Harpootlian and Jim Griffin alleged jury tampering by Colleton County Clerk of Court Rebecca Hill, who subsequently released a book on the case, Behind the Doors of Justice: The Murdaugh Murders. They requested an evidentiary hearing to determine whether there should be a new trial. Harpootlian also sent a letter to United States Attorney for the District of Carolina Adair Ford Boroughs requesting a federal investigation of conduct in the case.

Hill has hired two high-profile lawyers, Justin Bamberg and Will Lewis, to represent her in the case.

On October 17, Chief Judge H. Bruce Williams of the South Carolina Court of Appeals signed the order granting Alex Murdaugh's motion to suspend his conviction appeal and send the case back to circuit court to consider allegations of jury tampering by Hill. South Carolina Attorney General Alan Wilson asked SLED to investigate Hill as well.

The Murdaugh legal team asked that Judge Clifton Newman be removed from this trial and all Murdaugh trials, stating their belief that he cannot be impartial.

News media called it South Carolina's " trial of the century" and "arguably one of the most high-profile and sensational cases in South Carolina legal history".

There have been TV episodes, podcasts, and documentaries about the case. Some notable examples:

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State of South Carolina v. Richard Alexander Murdaugh was the trial of American former lawyer Alex Murdaugh for the murder of his wife, Maggie, and their 22-year-old son, Paul, on June 7, 2021. The trial in the fourteenth circuit of the South Carolina Circuit Court began on January 25, 2023, and ended on March 2 with a guilty verdict on all four counts.

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Pro-Palestine Protesters Disrupt Fox News, Demand End to Propaganda

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“Fox News, Fox News, you can’t hide, your lies cover up genocide.”

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LEWISTON, Maine (AP) - The Army reservist who opened fire in a bowling alley and then at a bar in Lewiston, Maine, killing 18 people, was found dead Friday from a self-inflicted gunshot, ending an intensive two-day search that had the state on edge.

Robert Card, a firearms instructor who grew up in the area, was found dead in nearby Lisbon Falls, Gov. Janet Mills said at a Friday night news conference.

"Like many people I'm breathing a sigh of relief tonight knowing that Robert Card is no longer a threat to anyone," Mills said.

April Stevens, a Lewiston resident who knew one of the victims, said she was relieved to learn that the "monster and coward" who inflicted so much pain was no longer a danger.

"I'm relieved but not happy," she said. "There was too much death. Too many people were hurt. Relieved, yes, happy, no."

Maine Department of Public Safety Commissioner Mike Sauschuck said Card was found at 7:45 p.m. near the Androscoggin River, about 8 miles (13 kilometers) southeast of where the second shooting occurred Wednesday evening. He declined to divulge the location but an official told The Associated Press the body was at a recycling center from which Card had been fired.

The official was not authorized to discuss details of the investigation publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.

Mills said she had called President Joe Biden to alert him that Card was dead.

"Tonight we're grateful that Lewiston and surrounding communities are safe after spending excruciating days hiding in their homes," Biden said in a statement. He added that "Americans should not have to live like this" and called on Congress to take action on gun violence.

The deadliest shootings in Maine history stunned a state of 1.3 million people that has relatively little violent crime and had only 29 killings in all of 2022. In Lewiston, the 37,000 residents and those in surrounding communities were told to stay in their homes as hundreds of police officers, sheriff's deputies, FBI agents and other law enforcement officials swarmed the area.

Card, 40, of Bowdoin, was a U.S. Army reservist. Leo Madden, who said he ran Maine Recycling Corp. for decades, told the AP that Card worked there for a couple of years and nothing about him stood out. Madden said he didn't remember when Card was employed or whether he was fired or quit.

Last summer, Card underwent a mental health evaluation after he began acting erratically during training, a U.S. official told the AP. A bulletin sent to police across the country shortly after the attack said Card had been committed to a mental health facility for two weeks after "hearing voices and threats to shoot up" a military base.

A U.S. official said Card was training with the Army Reserve's 3rd Battalion, 304th Infantry Regiment in West Point, New York, when commanders became concerned about him. State police took Card to the Keller Army Community Hospital at West Point for evaluation, according to the official, who was not authorized to publicly discuss the information and spoke to the AP on condition of anonymity.

On Wednesday, Card attacked the bowling alley first, then went to the bar. Police were quickly sent to both locations but Card was able to escape. For the next two days authorities scoured the woods and hundreds of acres of Card's family-owned property, and sent dive teams with sonar to the bottom of the Androscoggin River.

Law enforcement officials had said they hadn't seen Card since his vehicle was left at a boat ramp Wednesday shortly after the shootings.

Hours before Card's body was found, the names and pictures of the 15 men, two women and 14-year-old boy in the shootings were released at a news conference.

The victims of the shootings include Bob Violette, 76, a retiree who was coaching a youth bowling league and was described as devoted, approachable and kind. Auburn City Councilor Leroy Walker told news outlets that his son, Joe, a manager at the bar and grill, died going after the shooter with a butcher knife. Peyton Brewer-Ross was a dedicated pipefitter at Bath Iron Works whose death leaves a gaping void in the lives of his partner, young daughter and friends, members of his union said.

The Maine Educational Center for the Deaf said the shootings killed at least four members of their community.

Prior to finding Card's body, divers searched the water near a boat launch in Lisbon, and a farming business in the same town. At points throughout the day Friday, police vehicles were seen speeding through several towns, lights flashing and sirens blaring.

A gun was found in Card's car, which was discovered at a boat ramp, and federal agents were testing it to determine if it was used in the shooting, two law enforcement officials told the AP. The officials were not authorized to publicly discuss details of the investigation and spoke on condition of anonymity. Authorities have said publicly that the shooter used at least one rifle. They have not released any other details, including how the suspect obtained the firearm.

Authorities found a suicide note at a home associated with Card on Thursday that was addressed to his son, the law enforcement officials said. They said it didn't provide any specific motive for the shooting. Authorities also recovered Card's cellphone in the home, making a search more complicated because authorities routinely use phones to track suspects, the officials said.

The Cards have lived in Bowdoin for generations, neighbors said, and various members of the family own hundreds of acres in the area. The family owned the local sawmill and years ago donated the land for a local church.

Family members of Card told federal investigators that he had recently discussed hearing voices and became more focused on the bowling alley and bar, according to the law enforcement officials who spoke on condition of anonymity. When he was hospitalized in July in New York, Card had told military officials he had been hearing voices and said he wanted to harm other soldiers, the officials said.

Authorities had banned hunting in several communities, in a state where it is immensely popular. However, following confirmation of Card's death, a public safety alert was issued that announced: "The search is over for Mr. Card. The caution is over. Hunting may resume."

The Lewiston shootings were the 36th mass killing in the United States this year, according to a maintained by The Associated Press and USA Today in partnership with Northeastern University.

___

Ramer reported from Concord, New Hampshire, Whittle from Portland, Maine, and Smith from Bowdoin, Maine. Associated Press journalists Jake Bleiberg in Portland; Robert Bukaty and Robert Bumsted in Lewiston; David R. Martin in Bowdoin; Michael Balsamo in New York; Darlene Superville and Lolita Baldor in Washington, D.C.; Michael Casey in Boston; Kathy McCormack in Concord, New Hampshire; Jeffrey Collins in Columbia, South Carolina, and Associated Press researcher Rhonda Shafner in New York contributed to this report.

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Maine mass killing suspect found dead, ending search that put entire state on edge

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Shocked and fearful Maine residents are keeping to their homes as hundreds of police and FBI agents search intently for Robert Card, a U.S. Army reservist who authorities say fatally shot 18 people at a bowling alley and a bar.

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“铁链女”案判决公布，量刑被指过轻引发公愤

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六人因拐卖妇女罪、虐待罪被判八年至13年。关于“铁链女”及其处境的许多问题仍然存在，政府给出了相互矛盾的说法，同时审查对官方叙事的质疑言论。

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徐州八孩母亲视频引发愤怒，中国女性权益保障再受质疑

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该视频与当地政府的回应在网络上引发了愤怒，人们质疑该女子是在何种情况下生育八个孩子的。该事件也引发了人们关于中国对妇女与精神疾病患者保护不足等问题的关注。

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中國被拐婦女悲歌 「徐州八孩案」始末一次看懂

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中國被拐婦女悲歌「徐州八孩案」始末一次看懂 | 聯合新聞網

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2022年1月底，中國江蘇省徐州市豐縣爆出一名精神異常的婦人遭鐵鍊拴住在一間破屋，還接連生了八名子女，「徐州八孩母親」事件迅速在網路發酵，掀起中國社會對人口拐賣的關注，熱度甚至超過在北京舉行的冬奧會，《聯合新聞網》整理相關訊息，帶您一覽事件緣由，並了解中國婦女拐賣狀況。

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The ‘Murdaugh Murders’: What to Know About the Case in South Carolina

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Alex Murdaugh, the once-prominent lawyer convicted of killing his wife and son, has pleaded guilty to charges that he stole money from his former clients.

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Here's where all the cases against Trump stand as he campaigns for a return to the White House

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The civil trial against Donald Trump that kicked off this week in New York is just one of many legal problems facing the former president as he campaigns for a return to the White House.

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Former President Donald Trump is on trial in New York in a $250 million civil lawsuit that could alter the personal fortune and real estate empire that helped propel Trump to the White House.

Trump, his sons Eric Trump and and Donald Trump Jr., and other top Trump Organization executives are accused by New York Attorney General Letitia James of engaging in a decade-long scheme in which they used "numerous acts of fraud and misrepresentation" to inflate Trump's net worth in order get more favorable loan terms. The trial comes after the judge in the case ruled in a partial summary judgment that Trump had submitted "fraudulent valuations" for his assets, leaving the trial to determine additional actions and what penalty, if any, the defendants should receive.

The former president has denied all wrongdoing and his attorneys have argued that Trump's alleged inflated valuations were a product of his business skill.

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Trump fraud trial live updates: Trump continues to assail judge, clerk

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Get live updates from the trial of former President Trump in a $250 million fraud suit brought by New York Attorney General Letitia James.

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13 年 03 月 23 日更新：经过漫长的争议过程，拜登政府批准了 Willow 项目。 内政部土地管理局表示，该决定通过允许康菲石油公司"使用其在北极的长期租约"来"取得平衡"，同时还将钻探限制在三个而不是五个地点。 这个消息引起了环保活动人士的愤怒，他们说这致命地破坏了总统的气候议程。 "在本届政府为推进气候行动和环境正义所做的一切之后，令人心碎的是看到一个我们知道会毒害北极社区并锁定我们根本无法承受的数十年气候污染的决定，"执行董事 Lena Moffitt 说。长青行动。
本周，拜登政府预计将最终决定是否批准 6 亿美元 康菲柳树项目.

根据联邦政府的估计，如果成功，阿拉斯加北坡长达数十年的石油钻探项目将产生足够的石油，每年释放 9.2 万吨导致全球变暖的碳污染。

这大致相当于同期 XNUMX 万辆乘用车的总排放量。

该计划的支持者声称，它将创造数千个就业机会，并成为石油资源丰富地区的新收入来源。

这是因为它将代表美国几十年来最大的油田--共和党参议员定义为"我们州历史上最重要的资源开发项目之一" 丹·沙利文 - 能够生产该国石油总量的 1.5% 左右。

但反对者担心，相当于一年内运营的 76 座燃煤电厂的年排放量明显带来的灾难性影响将为已经燃烧殆尽的全球气候系统火上浇油。

此外，它会 威胁 一个日益脆弱的地区，它是各种土著社区的祖先家园，也是海象和驯鹿的重要栖息地。

因此，该计划已成为 避雷针 在社交媒体上，与 TikTok 用户 尤其是 鼓动周围敦促拜登拒绝它。

到目前为止，在线辩论已经积累了数百万的浏览量，在 TikTok 的前 10 大趋势列表中占有一席之地，并且有大量实际行动 IRL。

事实上，现在已经有超过一百万封信写给白宫抗议 Willow，并且近 XNUMX 万人（还在增加）签署了 Change.org 请愿 也一样。

'提出该项目的康菲石油公司声称 Willow 将有助于解决通货膨胀和能源成本问题。 美国已经是世界上最大的石油和天然气生产国，尽管石油和天然气行业开展了激烈且不正确的公关活动，旨在让人们相信，他们的机会主义增加钻探是一种合法的政策解决方案，"它写道。

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什么是 Willow 项目，为什么会引发强烈反对？ - 网站

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在拜登政府考虑是否批准一项有争议的扩建阿拉斯加北坡石油基础设施的计划时，环保人士敦促他拒绝该计划。

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The massive Willow oil project on Alaska's North Slope can move forward, a federal judge in Anchorage ruled Thursday.

U.S. District Court Judge Sharon Gleason ruled against environmental groups, who argued that the government's decision to greenlight the ConocoPhillips project in the Arctic was flawed.

Gleason found the government's analysis was consistent with environmental laws and with goals Congress established for the large federal area in the western Arctic, called the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska.

"ConocoPhillips, as the lessee, has the right and the responsibility to fully develop its oil and gas leases in the NPR-A subject to reasonable restrictions and mitigation measures imposed by the federal government," she wrote.

ConocoPhillips has called Gleason's pending decision " make-or-break" for the major oil prospect. The project's federal approvals have been challenged by several environmental groups. In April, Gleason gave ConocoPhillips a green light to begin constructing roads to support the project.

The initial federal approval of the project under President Joe Biden generated a political backlash, ranging from pushback among Alaska Native groups to protests in Washington, D.C. and opposition from the United Nations and outdoor-gear maker Patagonia.

Biden has tried to temper that anger by making other parts of the NPR-A off-limits to drilling and canceling oil leases in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, in Alaska's eastern Arctic.

The project has been greeted with more favor in the realm of Alaska politics, with state budget projections improving as they take Willow into account and an unanimous Alaska House vote in support.

Conoco says the project would produce 600 million barrels of oil over 30 years, $7.6 billion in revenue for the U.S. Treasury and 2,500 construction jobs.

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Federal judge rejects legal challenge to ConocoPhillips' Willow Project

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U.S. District Court Judge Sharon Gleason's highly anticipated decision clears what ConocoPhillips has called a "make-or-break" point for the project.

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Trump has pleaded not guilty to charges of mishandling classified materials.

Former President Donald Trump pleaded not guilty in June to a 37-count indictment related to his handling of classified materials, after prosecutors said he repeatedly refused to return hundreds of documents containing classified information ranging from U.S. nuclear secrets to the nation's defense capabilities, and took steps to thwart the government's efforts to get the documents back.

Efforts to retrieve the documents began in early 2022 when officials with the National Archives said they had retrieved 15 boxes of presidential records that Trump had "improperly" taken to his Mar-a-Lago estate after leaving the White House. Trump was then subpoenaed for the return of additional documents authorities said he still possessed.

In June, federal agents visited Mar-a-Lago to search for additional materials, after which prosecutors said an attorney for Trump signed a statement attesting that all classified documents at Mar-a-Lago had been turned over to federal investigators. Two months later, FBI agents raided the South Florida estate and found more than 100 additional documents with classified markings that had not been turned over.

In November, Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed a special counsel to investigate.

Here's a look at how the probe has progressed.

Nov. 18, 2022

Attorney General Merrick Garland taps Jack Smith as special counsel to oversee the Justice Department's criminal investigation into the unlawful retention of national defense information at Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate as well as the investigation into efforts to overturn the 2020 election. The announcement is triggered when Trump's announcement that he is running for president for a third time creates a potential conflict of interest with the Justice Department.

Smith previously served as the chief prosecutor for the special court in The Hague charged with investigating war crimes in Kosovo.

Dec. 1, 2022

A panel of judges on the 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals overturns the appointment of a special master who had been tasked by U.S. District Judge Aileen Cannon with reviewing thousands of documents seized by the FBI from Mar-a-Lago to identify personal documents and potentially privileged material.

The order effectively eliminates what federal authorities had described as a major obstacle in their ongoing criminal probe.

Dec. 22, 2022

Top Trump attorney Timothy Parlatore appears before the grand jury probing Trump's handling of classified documents to provide information about efforts by Trump's team to locate any classified documents that remained in Trump's possession after the FBI's August raid of Mar-a-Lago, according to what sources later tell ABC News.

Feb. 14, 2023

ABC News reports that investigators have asked a judge to overrule attorney-client privilege and compel Trump attorney Evan Corcoran to appear before the grand jury probing Trump's handling of classified documents, according to sources.

According to a previous DOJ filing, Corcoran was one of the Trump attorneys who certified to investigators in early June that a "diligent search" of Mar-a-Lago turned up just 38 classified documents -- two months before FBI agents raided the premises and found more than 100 additional classified documents.

March 16, 2023

ABC News reports that Smith is pushing to question Corcoran about an alleged phone call he and Trump had as investigators were building evidence about Trump's potential obstruction of the government's efforts to retrieve classified materials, according to sources.

March 17, 2023

Prosecutors in the special counsel's office have presented compelling preliminary evidence that Trump knowingly and deliberately misled his own attorneys about his retention of classified materials after leaving office, a top federal judge writes in a sealed filing, according to sources.

U.S. Judge Beryl Howell writes that prosecutors had made a "prima facie showing that the former president had committed criminal violations," according to the sources, and that attorney-client privileges invoked by two of his lawyers could therefore be pierced. The ruling compels Corcoran to provide additional testimony before a federal grand jury investigating Trump's handling of classified documents, per sources.

March 24, 2023

Corcoran, following Judge Howell's orders, appears before the grand jury probing Trump's handling of classified documents, according to sources.

April 3, 2023

Multiple U.S. Secret Service agents connected to Trump's security detail have been subpoenaed by the special counsel, a source tells ABC News.

May 17, 2023

ABC News reports that top Trump attorney Tim Parlatore, who has played a central role in the investigation into Trump's handling of classified documents, has departed the former president's legal team.

May 23, 2023

Trump's legal team formally requests a meeting with Attorney General Merrick Garland amid concerns from Trump's attorneys that the coming weeks could bring a possible indictment of Trump regarding his handling of classified materials.

May 31, 2023

ABC News reports that federal investigators have in their possession an audio recording of Trump from a July 2021 meeting at his Bedminster, New Jersey, golf club, on which he appears to acknowledge possessing a sensitive military document that he retained after leaving office, according to sources

Trump indicated on the recording that he knew the document in question was secret, the sources said.

June 5, 2023

Lawyers for Trump meet with officials at the Department of Justice, according to sources. Afterward the attorneys decline to answer ABC News' questions about whether they were informed that a charging decision has been made regarding Trump's handling of classified documents.

June 6, 2023

ABC News reports that Trump's last White House chief of staff, Mark Meadows, has testified before the grand jury, according to sources.

June 7, 2023

ABC News reports that Trump recently received a letter from the special counsel office informing him that he is a target in their classified documents probe, according to sources.

Earlier in the day, former Trump aide and MAGA Inc. super PAC founder Taylor Budowich appears before the grand jury, Budowich confirms on Twitter.

This image contained in a court filing by the Department of Justice on Aug. 30, 2022, and partially redacted by the source, shows a photo of documents seized during the Aug. 8 FBI search of former President Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate.

Department of Justice via AP, FILE

June 9, 2023

Trump is hit with a sweeping 37-count indictment from the special counsel's office, alleging that he willfully retained documents containing the nation's most sensitive secrets, including nuclear programs, after he left office, showed some of them on at least two occasions, and then tried to obstruct the investigation into their whereabouts.

The indictment also charges longtime Trump aide Walt Nauta in connection with the handling of government documents.

June 13, 2023

Trump is arraigned in a federal courtroom in Miami on 37 counts: 31 counts of willful retention of national defense information; one count of conspiracy to obstruct justice; one count of withholding a document or record; one count of corruptly concealing a document or record; one count of concealing a document in a federal investigation; one count of scheme to conceal; and one count of false statements and representations.

He enters a not guilty plea through his attorneys and does not speak during the court appearance. Later, speaking at his golf club in Bedminster, New Jersey, Trump calls the charges "the most evil and heinous abuse of power in the history of our country" and says "I had every right to have these documents."

June 15, 2023

ABC News reports that last fall, Trump rejected a proposal from one of his attorneys who was attempting to keep charges off the table in the special counsel documents probe, according to sources.

The attorney, Christopher Kise, wanted to propose a settlement with the Justice Department that would preclude charges, but the idea was quickly shut down by Trump and some members of his team who backed a more adversarial approach to federal investigators, the sources said.

June 19, 2023

In an interview on Fox News, Trump says the material he displayed at a July 2021 meeting at Bedminster was not a classified document as he allegedly appeared to suggest in a recording of the meeting obtained by investigators.

"There was no document," he tells Fox News' Bret Baier. "That was a massive amount of papers and everything else talking about Iran and other things. And it may have been held up or may not, but that was not a document. I didn't have a document per se. There was nothing to declassify. These were newspaper stories, magazine stories and articles."

Golfers play golf at Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, N.J., Oct. 2, 2020.

June 20, 2023

U.S. District Judge Aileen Cannon sets a tentative date of Aug. 14 for the start of Trump's trial on charges of obstruction and mishandling classified documents.

The judge riles the trial will take place at the Fort Pierce, Florida, courthouse -- not in Miami where Trump's initial appearance and arraignment took place.

June 23, 2021

The special counsel asks Judge Cannon to delay the start of the trial until December, citing the need for defense counsels to obtain the necessary security clearances before they can review discovery materials.

June 26, 2023

ABC News obtains the audio recording from the July 2021 meeting at Bedminster in which Trump is heard displaying what appears to be a sensitive military document and acknowledging that he hadn't declassified it.

"It is like, highly confidential. Secret. This is secret information," Trump is hear saying. "Look, look at this. This was done by the military and given to me. As president I could have declassified, but now I can't."

Prosecutors say that Trump's acknowledgement on the recording that he could no longer declassify the document undercuts his contention that he had declassified all the documents in his possession before leaving the White House.

June 28, 2023

ABC News reports that Susie Wiles, one of the top adviser leading Trump's reelection effort, is among the individuals identified but not named by the special counsel in his indictment against the former president, according to sources.

Trump, in the indictment, is alleged to have shown a classified map of an unidentified country to Wiles while discussing a military operation that Trump said "was not going well," while adding that he "should not be showing the map" to her and "not to get too close."

July 6, 2023

Nauta pleads not guilty to all charges at his arraignment in Florida. The longtime Trump aide appears in a Miami federal courthouse after his scheduled arraignment was repeatedly delayed due in part to his inability to obtain local counsel to represent him.

His plea is entered by Trump attorney Stan Woodward, and Nauta is represented by Woodward and local Florida attorney Sasha Dadan.

July 10, 2023

In a court filing, lawyers for Trump ask Judge Canon for a lengthy delay to Trump's trial, suggesting it would not be possible to try the case prior to the 2024 election.

July 14, 2023

ABC News reports that the special counsel recently transmitted a target letter threatening potential charges against a Trump Organization employee who is suspected of lying to investigators, according to sources. Investigators have been scrutinizing the employee's role in the handling of surveillance footage at Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate that was sought by federal prosecutors last summer, sources said.

July 21, 2023

Striking a compromise between the special counsel and Trump's attorneys, Judge Cannon schedules Trump's classified documents trial to start on May 20.

The date is later than prosecutors had sought but sooner than the indefinite delay requested by Trump.

July 27, 2023

A grand jury returns a superseding indictment containing additional documents-related charges against Trump and two others.

Carlos De Oliveira, the head of maintenance at Mar-a-Lago, is added to the obstruction conspiracy charges as prosecutors allege that he, Trump and Nauta conspired to delete footage from Mar-a-Lago's security cameras that allegedly showed employees moving around boxes containing classified materials. The indictment lays out a timeline of events that prosecutors say shows what took place.

It also charges Trump with allegedly possessing the classified document that he was heard discussing on the audio recording of the July 21, 2021, meeting at Bedminster.

July 28, 2023

Trump tells radio host John Fredericks that he'll continue to run for president even if convicted and sentenced on criminal charges brought by the special counsel.

"If going forward, right, you get these indictments, there ends up -- you got a jury in D.C., you get convicted and sentenced -- does that stop your campaign for president if you're sentenced?" Fredericks asks Trump in an interview.

"Not at all," Trump replied. "There's nothing in the Constitution to say that it could, and not at all."

July 31, 2023

De Oliveira makes his initial court appearance in Miami but cannot be arraigned because he does not have local counsel. The Mar-a-Lago property manager is released on a $100,000 personal surety bond.

Aug. 7, 2023

Judge Cannon raises questions about Smith's use of another grand jury to purportedly continue to investigate Trump's alleged mishandling of classified documents after leaving office, even though Trump has already been indicted on charges by a separate grand jury impaneled in Florida.

In a ruling, the judge asks Nauta's attorney, Stanley Woodward, to file a motion stating his concerns about "the legal propriety of using an out-of-district grand jury proceeding."

Aug. 9, 2023

Trump's attorneys ask Judge Cannon to approve a special facility at Mar-a-Lago for him to be able to discuss classified evidence with his legal team "as necessary to prepare an adequate defense," they say in a legal filing.

Trump's team specifically asks that a previous facility Trump used at Mar-a-Lago while serving as president -- where he was previously permitted to discuss and review classified information -- be re-established so he can now discuss classified discovery materials shared by the special counsel.

Aug. 10, 2023

Trump, through his attorney, and Nauta, appearing in person, both plead not guilty in a Florida courtroom to new charges brought by the special counsel in his superseding indictment. De Oliveira still cannot be arraigned because arrangements for local counsel have not yet been finalized.

Aug. 14, 2023

In a court filing responding to Trump's request for a secure facility at Mar-a-Lago to discuss classified discovery evidence with his legal team, the special counsel's office says that such a facility would be an "unnecessary and unjustified accommodation."

Aug. 15, 2023

De Oliveira, appearing in a Fort Pierce, Florida, courtroom with local counsel, pleads not guilty to all charges brought by Smith in the superseding indictment. The four criminal counts include making false statements, conspiring to obstruct justice, and altering, destroying, mutilating or concealing an object from an official proceeding.

Aug. 17, 2023

ABC News reports that special counsel Jack Smith earlier in the year sought extensive data, including direct messages, tied to Trump's account on X, formerly known as Twitter, according to new court filings.

Aug. 20, 2023

ABC News reports that, appearing to contradict Trump's primary public defense in the classified documents case, former Chief of Staff Mark Meadows has told special counsel investigators that he could not recall Trump ever ordering, or even discussing, declassifying broad sets of classified materials before leaving the White House, nor was he aware of any "standing order" from Trump authorizing the automatic declassification of materials taken out of the Oval Office, according to sources.

Aug. 22, 2023

ABC News reports that a Mar-a-Lago Information Technology worker's decision to cooperate with the special counsel and change his previous testimony paved the way for prosecutors to seek new obstruction charges against Trump and two other aides in July's superseding indictment, according to sources.

The IT director, whose identity is confirmed by sources as Yuscil Taveras, is set to be a central witness for Smith in his case against Trump, Nauta and De Oliveira, sources say.

Sept. 6, 2023

ABC News reports that Trump was warned the FBI could raid Mar-a-Lago if he didn't comply with a DOJ subpoena, according to voice memos made last May by Trump attorney Evan Corcoran and reviewed by ABC News.

Sept. 18, 2023

ABC News reports that one of Trump's long-time assistants told federal investigators that Trump repeatedly wrote to-do lists for her on documents from the White House that were marked classified, according to sources.

Sept. 28, 2023

ABC News reports that Trump's legal team has asked the judge in the case for a three-month delay to deal with issues related to their ability to view the classified information at the center of the case.

Special counsel Jack Smith's 's office says in a filing that some documents are so sensitive that they cannot be stored in a secure facility in Florida with the other documents in the case, and therefore must be viewed in a secure facility in Washington, D.C.

Oct. 5, 2023

ABC News reports that months after leaving the White House, Trump allegedly discussed potentially sensitive information about U.S. nuclear submarines with a member of his Mar-a-Lago Club -- an Australian billionaire who then allegedly shared the information with scores of others, including more than a dozen foreign officials and a handful of journalists, according to sources, who say the potential disclosure was reported to Jack Smith's team.

Oct. 6, 2023

Judge Cannon pauses any litigation involving the classified materials at the center of the case as she considers a request from Trump to extend deadlines in the case, according to a court order.

Oct. 12, 2023

The special counsel's team argues at a hearing that attorneys representing Nauta and De Oliveira could have conflicts of interest due to their past and current representations of witnesses who the government may call at trial -- but Judge Cannon chastises prosecutors for making what she calls "last minute" arguments, and dismisses the hearing until a later date.

Oct. 20, 2023

Walt Nauta tells Judge Cannon that he wants his attorney Stanley Woodward to continue to represent him in the case despite any potential conflicts Woodward has with his previous and current representations of witnesses in the case.

Oct. 31, 2023

Trump joins his attorneys in Miami for a visit to a Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility -- or SCIF -- in order to view the classified evidence shared by the special counsel as part of his case against Trump, according to sources.

Nov. 1, 2023

Saying that all the necessary preparations could be hard to do "in a compressed period of time," Judge Cannon says that she'll make "adjustments" to the case's schedule, acknowledging that the trial could collide with the trial date set in Trump's federal election interference case in Washington, D.C.

Nov. 10, 2023

Judge Cannon grants a request from Trump's legal team to push back some pretrial deadlines, but keeps the trial's May start date for the time being.

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Timeline: Special counsel's investigation into Trump's handling of classified documents

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Here's a look at how special counsel Jack Smith's investigation into former President Donald Trump's handling of classified documents has progressed.

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TAIPEI (Taiwan News) - Taiwan People's Party (TPP) presidential candidate Ko Wen-je (柯文哲) held a private meeting with independent presidential candidate Terry Gou (郭台銘) late Sunday evening (Nov. 19).

Earlier in the day, at a Taiwan People's Party (TPP) rally, Ko Wen-je (柯文哲) vowed to fight to the end as the party's presidential candidate. Ko has expressed his dissatisfaction with negotiations between the TPP and the Kuomintang (KMT) about formalizing a joint ticket, per Liberty Times.

A decision about a joint ticket was to be announced on Saturday (Nov. 18), notably about which party would lead the joint ticket and which party would play a supporting role. The KMT said their candidate, Hou Yu-ih (侯友宜), held a clear lead in the polls and deserved to be the presidential candidate.

Ko, however, disputed the poll results, noting that polling data had largely fallen within the margin of error, leaving open the possibility that he could lead the joint ticket. Disagreement over poll data is leading local media to speculate about a breakdown in TPP and KMT cooperation.

Such speculation was further fueled as Ko was photographed visiting the home of Terry Gou on Sunday evening (Nov. 19). Gou's campaign spokesperson, Chen Chia-yi (陳家頤), confirmed Ko visited Gou at around 7 p.m. on Sunday.

Chen said the meeting lasted more than one hour, adding that the purpose of Ko's visit was to inquire about supplementary polling data Gou may possess. Chen was reticent to make further comments, noting that she was not in a position to comment on Gou's private itinerary.

When asked whether Gou would formally register for the presidential election by Friday (Nov. 24), Chen said there is still a lot of time before the deadline, and anything is possible.

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Taiwan People's Party presidential candidate Ko has late-night meeting with Terry Gou | Taiwan News | 2023-11-20 11:57:00

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Gou's spokesperson said Ko visited him on Sunday night | 2023-11-20 11:57:00

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https://www.askci.com/news/chanye/20230323/094411267953577857170187.shtml

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2022年我国网络购物用户规模达8.45亿 占网民整体的79.2%（图）

来源：中商产业研究院 发布日期：2023-03-23 09:42

中商情报网讯：截至2022年12月，我国网络购物用户规模达8.45亿，较2021年12月增长319万，占网民整体的79.2%。

数据来源：CNNIC、中商产业研究院整理

2022年，网络 零售 继续保持增长，成为推动消费扩容的重要力量。全年网上零售额达13.79万亿元，同比增长4.0%。其中，实物商品网上零售额11.96万亿元，增长6.2%，占社会消费品零售总额的比重为27.2%，在消费中占比持续提升。2022年，新品消费、绿色消费、智能消费和工厂直供消费趋势相对明显，进一步推动生产制造端绿色化、数字化、智能化发展。

一是新品消费成为新亮点。2022年以来，电商平台日益重视扎根实体经济，积极帮助品牌商家挖掘新的增长点，提供营销、数据、场景支持，助力品牌推陈出新，打通新品增长路径。京东"11.11"期间，共推出近2000万款新品，成交额环比翻1.57倍，其中1000万款新品成交额环比增长超200%。数据显示，最近半年在网上购买新产品或新品牌，如品牌首发商品、全新品类商品、产品升级商品、IP联名限量款等的用户，占网络购物总体用户的比例达15.2%。

二是绿色低碳消费成为新风尚。随着碳达峰、碳中和"双碳"目标的深入贯彻，消费者 环保消费意识逐渐增强，绿色消费、循环消费等消费模式日益成为网购消费新潮流。数据显示，最近半年在网上参与过绿色消费的用户占网络购物用户总体的22.3%，其中，购买过节能 家电 或参与以旧换新、购买二手商品的用户比例分别达15.9%和9.6%。

三是智能家居消费蓬勃发展。从2016年到2021年，我国智能家居市场规模由2600亿元增长至5800亿元，年均增长率近20%。2022年，京东"11.11"期间，智能家居产品中超20个智能品类成交额同比增长超5倍。数据显示，最近半年在网上购买过智能家居、家电、可穿戴设备等智能产品的用户占网络购物用户总体的30.6%。其中，25-34岁、35-44岁用户最近半年网购过智能产品的比例最高，分别达到40.2%和34.4%。

四是工厂直供、定制化消费异军突起。电商平台一方面通过释放消费数据生产力，引导工厂、品牌商更好地满足消费个性化和多样化需求，进一步提升数字化和柔性生产能力；另一方面通过扶持工厂直接对接消费者，持续丰富货品供给。数据显示，最近半年在网上购买过工厂直供、定制化产品的用户，占网络购物总体用户的比例分别达41.9%和13.4%。阿里巴巴财报数据显示，该季度电商平台M2C商品产生的支付商品交易总额同比增长超过60%。

更多资料请参考中商产业研究院发布的《中国互联网市场前景及投资机会研究报告》，同时中商产业研究院还提供产业大数据、产业情报、行业研究报告、行业白皮书、商业计划书、可行性研究报告、园区产业规划、产业链招商图谱、产业招商指引、产业链招商考察&推介会等服务。

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2022年我国网络购物用户规模达8.45亿 占网民整体的79.2%（图）-中商情报网

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来源：移动支付网

7月20日，微信官方宣布，微信支付现已完成对国际银行卡用户服务的全面升级。即日起，境外用户使用微信支付绑定外卡后，可在中国大陆包括餐饮、交通、酒旅、商超等领域的绝大部分商户使用移动支付。同时，外卡用户也已支持扫码与被扫码、小程序支付、免密代扣、App内支付等多种支付方式。

微信支付兑现了承诺。

此前6月底，腾讯金融科技副总裁陈起儒曾表示，今年腾讯将陆续开放微信支付商户网络给Visa等国际信用卡或扣账卡组织，方便境外用户在中国内地能以常用的信用卡和扣帐卡绑定微信支付。

此番升级之后，意味着外国游客用外卡绑定微信支付，即可实现与国人几乎无异的移动支付体验，在中国畅通无阻，极大地便利来华旅游人群。

然而这只是一个开始，回顾中国移动支付的外卡服务升级之路，其实并不容易，未来也仍然要面临很多挑战。
循序渐进的开放之路
近年，随着我国移动支付的快速发展，在商户层面，现金支付、银行卡支付的受理情况逐渐退化，以二维码为代表的移动支付成为了主流。但国际社会对移动支付的跟进与中国仍然存在较大时间差，这带来了支付习惯差异，使得来华旅游的外籍游客存在支付困难。

支付作为金融活动的重要组成部分，改善跨境支付体验，不仅仅需要市场的跟进，更需要政策的助推。

2019年8月，国务院办公厅就发布了《关于进一步激发文化和旅游消费潜力的意见》，其中便提及了完善入境游客移动支付解决方案。

2019年11月，腾讯公司在相关政策指引下，与Visa、Mastercard、American Express、Discover Global Network、JCB五大国际卡组织探讨合作，支持境外开立的国际信用卡绑定微信支付，并试点支持用户在12306购票、滴滴出行等场景消费。彼时，腾讯公司还表示，将在监管指导下、在严格落实反洗钱相关政策基础上，进一步有序放开更多使用场景。

彼时，微信支付几乎开放了对主流外卡的绑定，在绑卡侧可以说是做到了全面开放。但是绑卡之后，还需要有地方可以用。基于风险考虑，在商户侧，彼时微信支付仅仅试点了12306购票、滴滴出行等优质支付场景。

不久之后，新冠疫情爆发，来华旅游的外籍游客锐减，从需求侧来看，对于入境游客移动支付方案的完善已然不再迫切。然而疫情三年间，微信支付并没有止步。

2020-2021年间，微信支付持续与国际卡组织合作，实现全球六大卡组织发行卡均可绑定微信支付，同时继续探索商户场景开放范围。

2021-2023年间，微信支付持续优化境外人士入境使用移动支付的产品体验，并针对用户反馈，优化注册流程，持续探索多种实名认证方式、商户开放可行性方案。

持续的合作深化与方案优化，让微信支付能够在全面升级国际银行卡用户服务时，打有准备之"仗"。

随着疫情阴霾散去，亚运会盛事将近，入境游客移动支付方案全面升级的需求再次上升。

今年6月，在亚运会开幕倒计时100天之际，人民银行发声，实施金融服务保障攻坚行动，为境内外人员在亚运会期间提供全方位的金融服务支持。

值此之际，微信支付完成对国际银行卡用户服务的全面升级，可谓是提前准备应对亚运会带来的来华旅游潮。

然而，此番微信支付完成外卡服务全面升级之后，仍然需要面对很多客观存在的挑战。
客观困难与微信支付的努力
很多国人不太理解，不就是开放绑卡，在商户上扫码吗？为何搞了这么多年，有这么难吗？其实是挺难的。

外籍游客来华使用移动支付的困难大概可以总结为4个：

首先是支付习惯不同。国内习惯二维码支付，但大多数海外国家或地区都是习惯银行卡支付，或者是更原始的现金支付。一旦来华旅游，很多外籍游客不会用或许不愿意用国民习以为常的移动支付方式。对于支付服务提供者来说，就涉及到用户支付习惯的教育和培养问题。

其次是存在费率差。中国商户收单费率普遍在0.38%~0.6%之间，而绑定外卡的收单费率普遍是2%-3%，或许海外的用户和商户已经习惯如此高昂的收费，但国内商户并不愿意承担额外费率差。

然后是实名信息收集的问题。支付是一个强监管领域，其中就有反洗钱、反恐怖融资要求，境外人士的很多实名信息在我国难以核实，而一旦需要收集更多信息时，有可能遇到欧美的信息安全长臂管辖政策，例如欧盟的GDPR。

最后是欺诈率与拒付问题。由于支付环境和支付纠纷解决策略不同，境内与境外的整体欺诈率也不同，国际支付欺诈率远高于国内，这也使得外卡支付拒付率高，合规成本随之提高。

这外卡支付的"四座大山"短期内虽难以彻底解决，但微信支付还是给出了相应的解决办法。

支付习惯问题，恐怕需要外籍游客入乡随俗了。微信支付在宣布升级外卡服务时，也发布了《微信支付外卡绑定和使用指南》，减少支付习惯差异带来的不适。

在费率差问题上，微信支付发布公告时就表示，根据国际卡组织等相关服务约定，用户持外卡交易需要支付每笔3%左右手续费。为支持外卡用户小额高频的消费需求，此次升级改造后，微信支付将为用户承担单笔交易金额人民币200元（包括人民币200元）以下的外卡交易手续费，具体信息以支付页面展示及相关公告为准。

国内商户并不需要承担额外收单成本，对于外卡交易的用户，遵循国际约定，此外微信支付还对200元以下交易进行手续费补贴，也可谓非常贴心。

第三个问题可能是最难解决的。由于各国及地区都存在信息安全政策要求，跨境信息传递不透明，支付实现人证合一的实名认证，确保资金链路明确，本就是一大国际支付难题。

2019年开放外卡绑定时，微信支付就表示严格落实反洗钱相关政策。

此番外卡服务升级后，护照、港澳居民来往内地通行证(回乡证)、台湾居民来往大陆通行证（台胞证）、港澳居民居住证、台湾居民居住证、外国人永久居留身份证等都可以用来开通微信支付、绑定国际银行卡了。

此外，移动支付网向微信支付内部人士了解到，微信支付还会持续探索境外用户实名认证方式，完善移动支付体验。目前港澳台用户已逐步实现在完成实名认证后，无需绑定大陆银行卡，亦可体验红包、转账等功能。

如果第三个问题能够很好的解决，其实第四个问题就可以迎刃而解。移动支付相对于实体卡支付，有较为完善的实名认证程序，很大程度上能够解决伪卡盗刷等问题，而其他交易纠纷，则由国际卡组织成熟的仲裁体系来解决。

即便如此，拒付和欺诈风险仍然存在，为了防范可能存在的风险，通过微信支付使用外卡会有一定的限额，其中单笔是6千元、月累计5万元，年累计6万元。支付时的汇率会以用户外卡所属卡组和发卡行的汇率计算。

但话说回来，相比过去仅开放12306购票等优质支付场景，此番全面开放之后，微信支付会面临更加复杂的外卡支付环境，如何服务好全球用户，真正的挑战才刚开始。

责任编辑：

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让老外来华支付自由不容易，但微信支付想"开"了_用户服务_移动_商户

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但国际社会对移动支付的跟进与中国仍然存在较大时间差，这带来了支付习惯差异，使得来华旅游的外籍游客存在支付困难。 彼时，微信支付几乎开放了对主流外卡的绑定，在绑卡侧可以说是做到了全面开放。支付是一个强监管领...

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电子商务在餐饮业的应用分析

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摘要：民以食为天，餐饮业从古自今都是川流不息经久不衰的产业，不仅有着极广阔的消费群体，也吸引了大量的就业人员，对促进经济发展起着非常重要的作用。而电子商务是互联网络和信息技术快速发展的产物，对各行业都起着深刻影响，在各行各业当中得到了广泛应用，给各行业带来了明显的效益，对于餐饮业而言，自然也不例外。当下，随着我国经济发…

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现在好多人都喜欢点外卖，不外乎几个原因：做饭水平实在有限，典型的黑暗料理水平，做出来的饭没人敢吃的那种，还有就是平时在家也找不到锅碗瓢盆，属于无厨阶级的人，点外卖就是解决了日常的生活需求；平时上班时间忙，根本就来不及做饭，无奈只能点个外卖，还有经常要加班的，只能趁空闲的时候吃个外卖，是不少年轻人的真实生活状态；还有就是没办法做饭的，比如一个人住，受伤了，根本就无法做饭，家人朋友又不在身边，只能点外卖，或者是大学生这类消费群体，学校不让做饭的，食堂的菜一学期只能吃一两次的，点个外卖就成了选择；还有就是懒人，点个外卖多方便，不用花时间买菜洗菜做饭刷点碗，对于他们来说是很方便的。总的来说，外卖给大家带来了多种多样的选择，比起方便面等速食食品来说，还是比较受到青睐的。

经过这么多年的发展，外卖行业已经成为很重要的一个服务行业，以某团某饿为标志的外卖平台类也变得越来越专业，形成了外卖商家的局域网结构，通过这样的社会分工使得外卖产业链在不断延伸拓展，也开始受到社会的重视，比如外卖小哥与外卖平台是否构成劳动关系？还是与相应接单的商家形成实质的劳动关系？这些问题相信在不断的进步中，将会变得更加地完善。

但是相应地，赚不赚钱也是衡量一个行业的标准：一方面，外卖平台烧钱补贴，商家也面临着越来越高的佣金抽成，另一方面，骑手小哥一单也赚不了多少钱，但是消费者面对越来越贵的外卖陷入了沉思。怎么能形成一种更好的外卖服务呢？毕竟大多数人还是不会放弃点外卖的，这个市场仍然有着比较好的市场前景。

现在有很多人都开始用同城外卖平台点外卖，因为价格比较实惠。在同城外卖平台的商家佣金抽成也比较低，给商家保留了较大的利润空间，越来越多的商家也选择入驻相关的外卖平台。哪都达就是这样一个能实现同城外卖平台的软件系统，真正建立一个属于自己的系统。
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责任编辑：

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为什么越来越多的人喜欢点外卖？_平台_商家_社会分工

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经过这么多年的发展，外卖行业已经成为很重要的一个服务行业，以某团某饿为标志的外卖平台类也变得越来越专业，形成了外卖商家的局域网结构，通过这样的社会分工使得外卖产业链在不断延伸拓展，也开始受到社会的...

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温故 | “点外卖”是从什么时候兴起的

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天气渐凉，点外卖的人也多了。足不出户，只需在手机APP上操作几下，热腾腾的食物很快就送上门来。不过您知道北京的专业送餐服务是从什么时候开始的吗？

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你好！

电子商务的发展让网购成为了生活中非常常见的消费渠道，快递物流承担起了消费者网购订单的交付任务。网购的时兴、快递物流的发展，也给环境带来了很大的压力。接下来，分享几点我的理解：

01 快递包装

在传统的线下购物模式中，比如我们到大型商超购买一些生活用品，付款完毕后，顶多会使用几个袋子把这些物品一起装起来然后带回家，其中，购物袋现在商家也鼓励消费者自带或者是使用可重复的购物袋。

我们再来看下电子商务环境下的购物体验，同样是到电商平台的超市购物，付款完毕后，商家会根据不同产品的特点，采用适合的物流包装。

而实际上，有些物流包装是重复性的包装，或者叫做过度包装，比如食用油，我们在线下超市直接就可以提着走，而电商之下通常外面还会有一个纸箱包装；有的纸箱之内还会增加一些缓冲材料等。相比较于线下购物，网购增加了大量的物流包装。

物流包装的增加，直接的结果有两个，第一，资源浪费；第二，污染环境。

基于此，一些头部的电商企业，快递企业，也在推出绿色包装，比如循环箱、可降解快递袋、无胶带纸箱等。

02 快递车辆

网购商品的交付，在流转过程中，会经历多次的快递运输。目前，在四大交通运输方式中（海运、铁运、空运、陆运），公路运输相对而言最为常见。

网购商品从收件到送货上门，期间至少要5次运输，商家手中运输至末端网点，网点运输至当地转运中心，始发地转运中心至目的地转运中心的干线运输，目的地转运中心至末端网点，末端网点至消费者手中。

每一次运输过程，其实都是要使用到相应的交通工具的，我们知道，汽车尾气中排出的有害气体包括CO、NOx、SOx、未燃碳氢化合物HC、颗粒物PM和臭味气体等污染空气，对人类和动、植物危害甚大。

基于此，一些汽车生产厂家也在推出电动货车，头部的电商企业以及快递企业，在末端以及同城加大电动车的投放量，减少原来的汽车尾气排放。

03 电商仓储

除了前面提到的包装以及运输方面需要发展绿色物流之外，其实电商仓储过程中，也需要大力推行绿色物流。

目前各大电商平台，都或多或少存在自营的商品，比如天猫超市、京东超市及京东自营商品、苏宁超市、当当网等。对于自营商品，各大电商平台会通过自营仓库或者是合作的第三方仓储来实现商品的在库管理及收发。

使用一些先进的存储设备，比如穿梭车货架以及配套的穿梭台车，可以在一定程度上提升仓库的利用率提升；使用先进的WMS系统、手持终端、RFID技术可以实现无纸化拣货，这样就减少大量的打印纸；使用新型节能的照明系统、制冷制热系统、通风设备，有利于节约电能、降低仓储成本、推进仓储的绿色化进程。

小结：
电商环境的发展，让网购成为了消费习惯。而网购商品的流转，带动了电商物流及快递物流的发展。物流虽然促进了经济的发展，但在物流过程中过度地消耗资源，也对环境造成负面影响。减少快递污染、实现绿色物流是物流企业必须要走出的一步！
我是 冯银川 ，专注物流15年，过去一年曾帮助众多知友拨开迷雾、认清了自己、找到了突破口。如果你在学业、职业、企业发展中遇到了困惑，想要获得一些针对性的建议。欢迎点开下方卡片，向我一对一咨询，我将在 24 小时内回复。

以上回答，仅为个人观点，供参考。 图源网络，侵权删除！

如果觉得这篇分享对你有用，欢迎三连走起：

1、点个 "赞同"或者 "喜欢" ，这会让我更有动力更新内容；

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3、欢迎关注我的公众号「 物流川说 」，不定时送福利。

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为什么电子商务环境下我们迫切的需要发展绿色物流？

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知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 ...

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Thanks to updates recently announced by leading mobile payment solutions and , short-term visitors to China now have access to cashless payments.

Previously, access to the payment platforms required a local bank account, which effectively locked most foreign visitors out of using them. Mobile payment has been the dominant payment method in China since the late 2010s, owing largely to its ease of use.

This has long been an issue for short-term visitors, who struggle to spend paper money.

Although domestically-issued credit cards under Visa and Mastercard were already supported by China's mobile payment networks, foreign-issued credit cards were not.

Shortly afterwards, Tencent - operator of popular chat app WeChat and its associated payment network - announced that it is " deepening its collaboration " with international card organizations including Visa and Mastercard in an effort to improve overseas users' digital payment experience.

What is WeChat?

WeChat Pay's digital version let users send up to USD$29 to their in-app friends, and approximately 16 million red envelopes were exchanged during Chinese New Year's Eve in 2014. This rose to an impressive 1 billion in 2015.

These initiatives did allow some overseas customers to use their credit cards in China, but at the time the ability to process international credit cards was limited to a select number of businesses.

The revival of these partnerships coincides with the resumption of travel and tourism to China following the country's pandemic lockdowns.

Spending limits for overseas visitors on WeChat Pay are currently set at 6,000 yuan (approx. USD$835) per day, 50,000 yuan per month, and 60,000 yuan per year. Fees are waived for payments under 200 yuan, but any amount above this carries a 3% fee.

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Alipay and WeChat payment options now available to outsiders

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China has been more or less cashless for some time. Now, visitors to the country can use WeChat or Alipay payment without local bank cards.

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The graph shows the cumulative number of online shoppers in China from 2012 to June 2023. As of June 2023, about 884 million people in China had purchased goods online.
E-commerce in China
The past decade has seen rapid growth in the demand for online shopping opportunities in China. The number of online shoppers in China has been increasing exponentially from below 34 million in 2006 to over 466 million users a decade later, enabling this enormous spurt of China's e-commerce sector. By 2022, digital buyer penetration rate in China has edged close to 59 percent.

China has been the world's second-largest e-tailing market after the U.S. in recent years. As of 2022, the gross merchandise volume of online shopping in China had amounted to around 13.79 trillion yuan. By then, the volume of B2C e-commerce sales in China was expected to surpass 1.3 trillion U.S. dollars. The largest B2C e-commerce retailer in China with regard to gross merchandise volume (GMV) had been Tmall. The B2C online retail platform operated by Alibaba Group had generated a transaction volume of about 6.6 trillion yuan in 2020. The GMV of the leading C2C online retail platform taobao.com, also operated by Alibaba group, had reached almost 3.4 trillion yuan that year.

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The graph shows the cumulative number of online shoppers in China from 2012 to June 2023.

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Global: e-commerce revenue by country 2022 | Statista

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From the selected regions, the ranking by revenue in the E-commerce market is lead by China with 1.2 trillion U.S.

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中国的电子商务产业会重塑一个重新开放的世界吗？ | Brookings

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内容摘要：疫情带来了不确定性和经济困难，但也创造了新的机遇、改变了商业环境——被迫在家隔离的消费者，以及被压抑的对创新物流解决方案的需求的释放，给中国带来了一些最具突破性的电子商务发展。这些因素，尤其是疫情期间中国电子商务部门的快速增长创造了有利的政府政策环境，让社会能够快速采用这些创新，同时也支撑了国内和全球经济。中国政府现在比以往任何时候都更加拥抱互联网基础设施发展和全球电子商务扩张。与疫情的战斗不是零和竞争，随着全球经济萧条的迫近，美国明智的做法是避免被目光短浅的与中国的经济脱钩所拖累，并且考虑中国市场的机遇。

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网购达人的二十年：花费近百万、平均每天下单一件，如今更愿线下购物 - 海报新闻

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网购达人的二十年：花费近百万、平均每天下单一件，如今更愿线下购物 - 海报新闻

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电子商务改变中国年轻人生活方式 - 大纪元

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迅猛发展的电子商务正在改变中国人，特别是中国年轻人的生活方式。最新数据显示，2011年，中国网上购物用户已达1.94亿人。

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“光棍节”变“双节棍”：电商物流战线拉长，快递业多管齐下保安全

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“光棍节”变“双节棍”：电商物流战线拉长，快递业多管齐下保安全

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日媒：中国新一波“直播电商”减少对网红的依赖

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日媒：中国新一波“直播电商”减少对网红的依赖

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日媒：中国新一波“直播电商”减少对网红的依赖_中国网

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日本《日经亚洲评论》7月15日文章，原题：中国新一波“直播电商”减少对网红的依赖 中国今年的“618”购物节期间，苹果公司在天猫举办直播活动。这家以颠覆性创新而闻名的美国科技公司让自己的员工推销苹果系列产品及其他常见小工具，而非依赖拥有大量粉丝的网红，此举动摇了中国的电商直播文化。与现今（直播）常用方法相比，另一重大变化是活动中不再通过视频链接接受订单，只讲产品不带货。这种做法凸显与（传统）直播电商的重大背离。

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光明日报记者 张翼

刚刚过去的5月份，北京朝阳区82岁的李奶奶度过了很长一段"足不出户"的日子。"为了防疫安全，孩子们都不过来了，就我一个人在家。开始心里挺紧张的，不能下楼，日常生活怎么办？"很快，孙女打来视频电话，问清楚了奶奶的需要，每周网上下单，快递到社区，志愿服务送上门。"什么都不缺，心里踏实。"李奶奶乐呵呵地说。

从单纯的统计数据来看，李奶奶不能算是中国8.12亿网络购物用户之一，但她已经实实在在地从中国电子商务的迅猛发展中获益。如今的中国，十几亿消费者的生活和日常，与电子商务紧紧联系在一起。

党的十八大以来，在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，我国电子商务从快速发展的成长期步入提质增效的成熟期，电子商务深度融入生产生活各领域，成为提升人民生活品质的重要方式，也成为推动国民经济和社会发展的重要力量，发展成就举世瞩目，也为全球贸易投资注入发展新动能。

集装箱货轮在宁波舟山港完成装卸作业后离港。姚峰摄/光明图片
电子商务催生出四个"世界第一"
巴基斯坦的粉盐，保加利亚的玫瑰水，卢旺达的咖啡，斯里兰卡的红茶......近年来，多国驻华大使直播带货，积极推广本国产品，不少外国优质特色商品借助电商进入中国市场以后落地生根，成了"网红"，迎来了新的发展机遇。中国的跨境电商"买"全球，也"卖"全球。越来越多的跨境电商产品，通过"打飞的"的方式从世界各地飞到中国，也从中国各地飞向全球。

世界第一网络零售市场、世界第一网购人群、世界第一快递服务业、世界第一移动支付规模......十年间，中国电子商务跑出加速度，"网络零售、跨境电商、移动支付等新业态新模式新场景不断涌现，线上线下消费加快融合，不仅成为经济增长的重要引擎，也深刻改变了中国老百姓的日常生活。"商务部副部长盛秋平表示。

湖南湘西十八洞村，返乡大学生参与直播推销土特产。新华社发

2021年，我国实物商品网上零售额突破10万亿元大关，对社会消费品零售总额增长贡献率接近四分之一，网络购物已经成为居民消费不可或缺的重要渠道。全国农村网络零售额达2.05万亿元，同比增长11.3%，增速持续提升；跨境电商进出口额为1.98万亿元，同比增长15%，其中出口同比增幅达24.5%。截至2021年6月，我国电商直播用户规模为3.84亿，占网民整体近40%。根据商务大数据统计，全国重点监测电商平台直播超2400万场。

电子商务交易额保持快速增长的同时，电子商务在经济社会数字化转型方面发挥了举足轻重的作用，成为催生数字产业化、拉动产业数字化、推进治理数字化的重要引擎。

电子商务创新升级不断加速，为新一代信息技术应用提供了丰富的场景。2019年以来，我国成为全球最大专利申请来源国，5G、区块链、人工智能等领域专利申请量位居全球第一。电子商务市场主体更优更强，中国电子商务企业占据2020年电子商务企业全球市值前5名中的4席。电子商务成为产业数字化转型的重要驱动力，推动智能制造、传统零售转型、服务业线上线下融合成效显著，线上线下相互依托、融合发展成为新常态。
乘上电商"翅膀"致富奔小康
柑橘、辣椒、土豆、柚子......这些不起眼的乡野土货，借助电商平台，摇身一变成为供不应求的"网红"产品......重庆市秀山县通过大力发展农村电商，将地处偏远的劣势和自然资源较好的优势进行互换，促进产品变商品、劳动变劳务、收成变收入。

秀山县地处武陵山区腹地，有着"一脚踏三省，三省共一城"的特殊区位，是一代文豪沈从文笔下的"边城"。受地理条件限制，武陵山区，7800余种农特产品仅有600种变成了商品，绝大多数在大山中"沉睡"。近年来，贫困对象乘上电商的"翅膀"逐步脱贫致富奔小康，农村电商成为脱贫攻坚同乡村振兴有效衔接的重要抓手。

"通过电商，我的脐橙卖出了好价格，直接增收了10万多元。靠传统的销售，这是想都不敢想的事情。"秀山县雅江镇的脐橙种植大户王成刚通过电商平台销售脐橙，还建立起了自己的品牌"麻雀坡脐橙"。过去5年，秀山县累计实现电子商务交易额705亿元、网络零售额136亿元，卖出价值64亿元的农产品及加工品，发出1.1亿个快递包裹，被中共中央、国务院授予"全国脱贫攻坚先进集体"荣誉称号。

近年来，商务部会同财政部、原国务院扶贫办等部门开展电子商务进农村综合示范工作。截至目前，已累计支持1489个县，对832个脱贫县实现了全覆盖。经过持续努力，我国农村电子商务快速发展，助力脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴取得了显著成效。

农村电子商务拉近了农民与市场的距离，让农村产品可以卖得更远、卖得更好，更加重视品质和品牌，全国农村电子商务累计带动618.8万脱贫农民增收。农村电商吸引了一批农民工、大学生、转业军人返乡创业，促进了农民创业就业。截至2021年底，全国农村网商（店）达到1632.5万家。网购成为农民生活常态，越来越多的服务和商品通过电子商务进入农村，改变了农民的生活和消费习惯。农村电子商务与快递物流协同发展，推动农村物流网络设施布局加快完善。
跨境电商为全球贸易注入新动能
进口业务量从平均一天300单到超过10万单；进口商品从母婴用品扩充至美妆、食品、运动产品、宠物用品等等；商品来源从几个国家到全球100多个国家和地区......跨境电子商务率先在杭州实现"从无到有"的突破，全国首个跨境电商产业园、首个综合试验区，都在这里诞生。

国内消费者"买全球"带来更加丰富选择的同时，跨境电商出口也是一片欣欣向荣，为中国制造"卖全球"开辟新通道。作为长期参与跨境电商业务的一线关员，钱江海关驻下沙办事处跨境电商监管一科四级高级主办金涵见证了跨境电商新业态"从无到有"，畅通"买全球，卖全球"新通道的全过程。

"近年来，随着互联网技术的进步和数字经济的发展，国际贸易发生了重大变革，跨境电商从无到有快速发展。"盛秋平表示。

经过近十年的发展，中国跨境电商这一新业态正持续展现出强劲活力。据海关统计，中国跨境电商进出口5年增长近10倍，2021年规模达到1.92万亿元，增长18.6%。目前，在跨境电商综试区线上综合服务平台备案的企业已经超过3万家。跨境电商企业通过打造要素集聚、反应快速的柔性供应链，更好满足了海外消费者个性化、定制化的需求。

我国跨境电商持续快速增长。从2015年至今，国务院先后六批批准设立了132个跨境电商综试区，已覆盖全国30个省区市。2018年，我国创新出台跨境电商零售进口监管政策，并逐步将试点范围扩大到全国31个省区市。商务部会同各部门和各地方，向全国复制推广了近70项成熟经验和创新做法，我国还积极参与国际合作，在世贸组织、G20、APEC、国际海关组织等多边场合提出中国方案，并与23个国家签署电子商务合作备忘录。

海关总署副署长王令浚表示："全国海关积极促进外贸新业态有序发展，'网购保税进口''跨境电商B2B直接出口''跨境电商出口海外仓'等监管模式，满足了跨境电商企业的发展需求，使'买全球''卖全球'成为现实。"

2021年全国网上零售额达到13.1万亿元，比2012年增长9倍。自2013年起，中国连续9年成为全球最大的网络零售市场。
我国网络零售店铺数超过2000万家，全国约有1/6的市场主体在从事电子商务行业。 　　截至2021年6月，我国网络购物用户规模达到8.12亿人。快递服务业发展迅猛，2021年超过1000亿件。
《光明日报》（ 2022年06月09日 05版）

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电子商务发展：惠及亿万百姓生活

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电子商务发展：惠及亿万百姓生活　　【奋进新征程 建功新时代·伟大变革】 　　光明日报记者 张翼 　　刚刚过去的5月份，北京朝阳区8

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“双十一”购物狂欢 环境和你一起“买单”

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“双十一”购物狂欢 环境和你一起“买单”

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“双十一”购物狂欢 环境和你一起“买单”--生态--人民网

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在特大城市中，快递包装垃圾增量已占到生活垃圾增量的93%，部分大型城市则为85%到90%。如果不采取有效措施控制，按照当前快递业的发展速度，到2025年，我国快递包装材料消耗量将达4127万吨，资

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2020-09-25 07:12 来源：澎湃新闻·澎湃号·湃客

原创 子琪 印客美学

每个时代的年轻人都有自己的

审美标准，在不同时代的

青春话语里面，男神形象各不相同。

放眼今天，"花美男"、"小鲜肉"、"纯硬汉"、"暖大叔"大行其道，他们似乎没有太大的共同点，但是，实际上，从审美角度上来看，喜欢他们的粉丝似乎又有着相同的逻辑。

他们都是好看的男人，这里的好看是指，帅或者说英俊。

从外表上看他们都轮廓分明：剑眉朗目、鼻直口方；从肢体语言来看，他们都潇洒自如，动作如行云流水，毫不拖泥带水。

小印与你一起回顾"男神"40年的变迁啦！

--刚毅男神是少女的梦

国字脸军团--上世纪八十年代，内地刚刚开始改革开放，一批港台剧被引入进来，周润发、秦汉和郑少秋等人相继出现在了电视荧屏上。

而此时，内地则流行起了以唐国强为代表的奶油小生形象。他们符合中国对男性最传统的审美，剑眉大眼高鼻梁，有英武刚毅之气。这个时代的男明星是性感、帅气且成熟的。

尊 龙:郎艳独绝 世无其二

他被称为"亚洲第一美男"的颜值。

面如冠玉，自带贵气，360无死角的神颜。

无论东方还是西方，都视他的五官为黄金比例标准。

"积石如玉，列松如翠。郎艳独绝，世无其二。"形容他最恰当不过了。

1985年他就接拍了《龙年》，饰演一个黑帮老大。

当时美国媒体甚至把他评为"有史以来最帅的黑帮老大"。凭借该片入围第43届美国电影电视金球奖最佳电影男配角奖。这也是华裔演员第一次在金球奖上获得此项殊荣。

一角惊艳好莱坞的尊龙真正开启了演绎事业的最巅峰。

1987年，导演贝托鲁奇的经典影片《末代皇帝》，立马敲定了他饰演"溥仪"。

高仓健：硬汉颠覆中国审美

80年代早期的男神保留了70年代之前中国人被框定的男性审美标准，用外形像革命干部的"高大全"形象迅速占据女性的视野。

由于日本电影《追捕》在中国大热，仿佛全中国的女人都喜欢上了穿风衣把领子竖起来、脸孔冷峻的男人。

高仓健的出现对于中国男性的审美标准是颠覆性的，他在银幕上塑造的冷峻的男子汉形象使得中国的影迷把他当成男子汉的象征。

郭凯敏："惊世之吻"引起轰动

1979年，郭凯敏饰演了电影《庐山恋》中傻气憨直的男主人公耿桦。

该片拍摄期间，导演事先告诉女主演张瑜要拍"吻戏"，却没有告诉郭凯敏，"当她心潮起伏的时候，觉得这个'孔夫子'怎么还这么傻呢？这很好玩的。

"张瑜在他的脸上亲了一下，郭凯敏的脸顿时红了。摄影师跟得很紧，"一次就成功。 "正是这一在当时看来可谓"惊世之吻"的镜头，让郭凯敏一炮走红。

唐国强："奶油小生"哪家强

要是谈"奶油小生"，就不得不提一个人：唐国强。

因为"奶油小生"这个词就是由他而来的。2006年做客《流金岁月》时，唐国强披露了"奶油小生"来历，"因为我喜欢吃奶油蛋糕嘛。

等到《小花》剧组后来拍内景的时候，这个光线打的也柔和一些，所以皮肤特别细腻，当时陈冲就开了一个玩笑，我哥干脆叫奶油小生吧。"

然而，在当时这种类型的男性在电影银幕上不是主流。

三浦友和：教小青年穿喇叭裤

如果说高仓健让一代中国女性迷恋硬汉，那么另一位日本男星就让中国男人与"时尚"结缘。

《血疑》是八十年代千家万户必看的偶像剧，是黑白电视时代最动人的爱情故事。

三浦友和穿着喇叭裤迷倒了中国大地，也成了时髦小青年效仿的对象，无论高矮胖瘦都套上了喇叭裤。

费翔："一把火"烧得旺旺的

呃......画风有点不大对劲。

这就对了......小印好想成为他手里的话筒。

费翔在1987年顶着波浪卷发型走上春晚，他在台上又唱又跳，"一把火"把万千少女的心口都烧得旺旺的。

周润发：白围巾成扮酷"神器"

周润发1974年毕业于香港无线艺员训练班，1976年初涉影坛，上世纪八十年代港片鼎盛时期，开启了枪战片、赌片等类型片先河，成为香港"暴力美学"风格电影的代表人物。

1980年，无线电视台播放了25集电视连续剧《上海滩》，产生轰动。周润发在这部戏中饰演矛盾、犹豫、冷酷的许文强，成为无数观众的梦中情人，标志性的白围巾更流行一时。

张国荣：妩媚眼神印象深刻

天王级人物不得不提的还有张国荣，94年《霸王别姬》上映，那个眼神中有些妩媚的张国荣使人们印象深刻。

张国荣一辈子风华绝代，注定是风尘中的一朵奇葩，真正的影视歌多栖发展明星。

也是真正的偶像派和实力派的完美融合。

--天王就是横呀横着走

师奶杀手--这个年代走红的可都是唱跳、演艺俱佳的男明星，你会发现这些明星都是唱歌很好的，而且形象都很风流不羁，所唱的歌基本上是情歌。

现在KTV都还有那一首首的经典。随着影视创作开始转向日常生活，赢得了大批家庭主妇的喜爱，统称他们为师奶杀手。

约翰尼·德普：颜值一霸 演技一绝

俗话说发型是考验帅哥的一大标准，德普大叔年轻时候最爱的是这种干净利落的大背头......

其次就是这种颓废的大长发，同样是美得不要哦不要的......而且重要的是，这种长发在他的脸上没有Gay气，这很难得！

莱昂纳多-迪卡普里奥：小脸嫩得能掐出水儿

不同于德普的不羁范儿，小李子是非常典型符合好莱坞审美标准的帅哥。

"四大天王"：磁带海报抢购一空

20世纪90年代少女们喜欢的男神以"四大天王"为代表：综合王刘德华、歌神张学友、舞王郭富城、文艺气质王黎明。

因为四大天王，中国内地诞生了第一批真正意义上的追星族，各式各样的明星周边产品开始在市场上出现并热销，四大天王的唱片，磁带、海报、贴纸、卡片均被抢购，而四人的穿着、发型、声线等都被无数人模仿。

钟汉良：小哇小哇呱呱呱

钟汉良的出现可以说改变了当时非主流的女生的审美观。钟汉良修长的腿再加上修长又酷帅的脸型，气质气场被钟汉良散发得淋漓尽致。

而且前期小鲜肉后期是魅力四射的型男，让人心水的不行！

这段时间的他《这就是街舞》，简直是不老男神，根本没在怕的！

古天乐：甭管白古黑古帅的就是一批

他曾经也白过，在古天乐还没有晒黑之前，他也是一枚小鲜肉。

而且曾经因为太多女粉而烦恼，只因其太帅了。

而且晒黑后，他的粉丝不但没减掉，反而只涨不跌。因为粉丝更爱他硬汉形象！

大卫-贝克汉姆：体育转型为娱乐圈香饽饽

小时候，小贝的足球天赋就已经很明显了，11岁时就被曼联球探相中，13岁签约曼联正式成为一名职业足球运动员。

稍微大一点以后，小贝身上的男人味就更突出了，浑身散发的荷尔蒙隔着屏幕就能感受到，多少少女想被他扑倒啊！

他也是从体育转型成为娱乐圈香饽饽的典范，当然了，背后贝嫂做出的努力也不容忽视。

林志颖：永远是17岁那年的男神

林志颖年轻时的笑容才叫好看，而且他被誉为不老男神也是有道理的。

毕竟从那首《17岁的雨季》开始，他的相貌基本变化很少。而且林志颖属于老少通吃，越老越帅。

小虎队：被誉为"华人偶像团体鼻祖"

由"霹雳虎"吴奇隆、"小帅虎"陈志朋以及"乖乖虎"苏有朋组成的"小虎队"，是上世纪80年代末90年代初亚洲流行歌坛最走红的演唱组合，是亚洲团体霹雳舞、团体街舞、组合舞步的开创者，被誉为"华人偶像团体鼻祖"。

曾创下了演唱会20多场场场爆满的纪录，震撼了歌坛，成为当时台湾最活跃的歌坛新人。

--我要给"花样美男"生猴子

花美男--新纪元伊始，一个重要的群体--花美男崛起了。2001年整个亚洲陷入F4狂潮。

花美男的出现都是偶像剧惹的祸。2000年后，台湾苦情戏落幕，偶像剧崛起。柴智屏这位艺坛的神秘魔法师，开启台湾偶像新时代。

F4组合："华流"的领军人物

凭《流星花园》一炮而红的F4组合成员言承旭、朱孝天、周渝民和吴建豪，演而优则唱。

是全球华人地区极具知名度的亚洲男子团体，他们引领着一个潮流文化时代的先驱者，是"华流"的领军人物。

数十年来在日韩东南亚的人气地位屹立不倒，昔日创下的无数华人纪录至今无人可破。

胡歌：夜空中最亮的星

对世间万物心怀感恩，待人处事真诚谦逊，顺逆与否热爱生活，是胡歌的写照。

韩国欧巴：越来越多被中国人熟知

金秀贤

李栋旭

同一时期，韩国偶像剧也进入中国市场，《蓝色生死恋》、《冬季恋歌》的持续热度，将韩国欧巴的面孔加入到了中国男性的审美标准当中。

2000年后韩剧男星的影响力更是一发不可收拾。

--小狼狗与小奶狗之间疯狂游走

多面小生--到了2010年，观众的口味高端化，荧屏上的男人们也演变得更到位。这个年代不似之前几波那样审美单一化，而是各种特征的结合体：帅而不娘，脱掉花美男的脂粉气，也不像硬汉脸上写满沧桑。肤，稚嫩俊

多面小生--到了2010年，观众的口味高端化，荧屏上的男人们也演变得更到位。

这个年代不似之前几波那样审美单一化，而是各种特征的结合体：帅而不娘，脱掉花美男的脂粉气，也不像硬汉脸上写满沧桑。

甜茶：人见人爱 宝藏男孩

你能在他身上看到所有青春的美好，那白晢的肌肤，稚嫩俊朗的面孔，深色的卷发，整个人像是古希腊的雕塑被赋予了生命。

奥斯卡78年来最年轻的影帝候选人诞生，他就是人见人爱的小甜茶。

王一博：新生代996奋斗少年

\

/

做得了主持人，当得了爱豆，白天是赛场上的赛车手，下午是被人簇拥的明星偶像，晚上可以是街头的酷盖滑手。

戳爷：奶里奶气 唱歌好苏

_Sivan

这么说嘞~这是一个集美貌和沙雕于一身的宝藏男孩。

蔡徐坤：会唱会跳的舞台战神

他身上有种坦率而张扬的少年气，敢于表现，也有与之相配的实力。

站在舞台上的他永远有毫不掩饰的野心，是他世界里最不可一世的国王，很吸引人。

一想到"个人练习生"几个字，又觉得，他单枪匹马的杀到最高的地方，真的厉害。

王嘉尔：性格低调 双商极高

大多数时候是以一个比较swag，比较嘻哈一点的直男形象出现，而且长相比较符合男性阳刚美一点，剑眉星目哈哈哈哈。

还有他独特的烟烟烟烟嗓~~~~太让人沉沦了~

吴亦凡：名字就是男神的代号

KRIS_

当喧嚣过去，有越来越多的人愿意客观地品评吴亦凡的音乐才华和对中国说唱的贡献。

易烊千玺：太阳男孩浑身充满正能量

\

用官方话来说，就是他是一个正能量的人。就像太阳，让人们不由自主的注意，不由自主的喜欢。

鹿晗：外软内硬毫无包袱

\

鹿晗的气质里，终究是温柔大过于勇猛的，或者说，他迎向世界的姿态没有攻击性，只会在你看不见的地方发力，举重若轻地就扛起了一切。

杨洋：拿铁男人暖洋洋

优越的骨相，立体的五官，杨洋长相上的每一处细节，似乎都在诠释着"直线"与"锐利"。

五官绝不拖泥带水，也拒绝冗余的纠缠，紧贴着骨骼的皮肉不允许出现一丝肉感，"清晰，直白，有力"--是整张脸的主题。

分属不同时代的男星，明显带有自身的标签，他们都以自我的辨识度与其他同时代或者不同时代的艺人区分开来。

不管你承认不承认，他们都在各自的领域内各有建树。让你如痴如醉！

XXX的老婆快来评论区抢占你的"老公"C位！！！！！！！大声说爱他！！！

看一场艺术的展览 访一些有趣的人

推一个美好的物品 办一场文艺活动

原标题：《顶流男神101种性感的审美演变》

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2020-09-25 07:12 来源：澎湃新闻·澎湃号·湃客 原创 子琪 印客美学 每个时代的年轻人都有自己的 审美标准，在不同时代的 青春话语里面，男神形象各不相同。 放眼今天，"花美男"、"小鲜肉"、"纯硬汉"、"暖大叔"大行其道，他们似乎没有太大的共同点，但是，实际上，从审美角度上来看，喜欢他们的粉丝似乎又有着相同的逻辑。 他们都是好看的男人，这里的好看是指，帅或者说英俊。 ...

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财新网 经济社会新闻
澎湃新闻 社会新闻
南方人物周刊 新闻人物
今日头条 社会、娱乐新闻
天下杂志 台湾 社会新闻报道、分析
南华早报 香港媒体 中文版2016年停刊 现在只有英文版
立场新闻 香港新媒体 成立于2014年
新加坡联合早报 新加坡
BBC中文
纽约时报中文版
RFI中文
不明白播客
故事FM
一席 （中国的TED）

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Research guide on China and Chinese language studies resources.

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Online Resources

Research Guides:

UW Chinese studies library page:

https://guides.lib.uw.edu/research/chinesestudies

UW Taiwan studies library page:

https://guides.lib.uw.edu/research/taiwanstudies

News & Articles:

端傳媒 (HK-launched, Singapore-based news media focusing on cross-strait issues)

https://theinitium.com

The News Lens (Taiwan-based news media which provides news and op-ed in various languages):

https://www.thenewslens.com

The Reporter (Taiwan-based news media, articles and news in Chinese)

https://www.twreporter.org

獨立評論 (Taiwanese news media owned by天下)

https://opinion.cw.com.tw

地球圖輯隊(Taiwan-based online media which provides articles of various topics & regions)

https://dq.yam.com

BIOS monthly (Taiwan-based media focusing on film&media, arts, life-style, etc.)

https://www.biosmonthly.com

The Taiwan Times (Taiwan-based news media providing Taiwanese local & intl news in English)

https://thetaiwantimes.com

ASEAN Plus (Taiwan-based news media zeroing on issues/news in the South-East Asian region, articles in Chinese)

https://aseanplusjournal.com

泛科學 (popular science in Chinese)

https://pansci.asia

商業週刊 （business magazine from a Taiwanese company,  publishes weekly）

https://www.businessweekly.com.tw

Taiwan Business TOPICS (Published monthly by the American Chamber of Commerce in Taiwan)

https://topics.amcham.com.tw/zh/

Podcast:

Taiwan This Week (local news with guest speakers, radio station)

https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/taiwan-this-week/id981421314

良人拾號 (expand topics from “food”):

https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/%E8%89%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%8B%BE%E8%99%9Fsmart-food/id1412392029

女子健心室 (workouts, diet, etc.)

https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E5%81%A5%E5%BF%83%E5%AE%A4/id1488290503

火花拾光屋（conversation with friends on topics like relationships, workouts, etc.）

https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/%E7%81%AB%E8%8A%B1%E6%8B%BE%E5%85%89%E5%B1%8B-deep-conversations-with-erin/id1675314033

九八新聞台（renowned radio with financial & political news)

https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8F%B0/id1432506634

馬利歐陪你喝一杯(conversation with guest speaker in a bar-setting environment):

https://podcasts.apple.com/tw/podcast/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B%E6%AD%90%E9%99%AA%E4%BD%A0%E5%96%9D%E4%B8%80%E6%9D%AF/id1192212072?i=1000440843457

To check if translations are available / has been published:

https://www.worldcat.org/zh-tw

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文章称，科学家测量了太湖中蓝藻的数量。据观察，2021年太湖蓝藻数量减少，因为减少了太湖养分输入，使得水质改善。在国家医学图书馆的另一篇文章中，最近对中国水质量的研究指出，气候变化不仅是水质的主要压力因素，也是水量的主要压力因素。

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Highlights

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Why cyanobacterial blooms obviously decreased in Lake Taihu in 2021 was studied.

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N content reduction in Lake Taihu was mainly caused by the dropped load.

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The decrease of N content was the key factor for the lower cyanobacterial density.

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Higher rainfall incidence might reduce the intensity of cyanobacterial blooms.

Abstract

The cyanobacterial blooms are global environmental perils and have been extensively compounded and changeable in Lake Taihu with emerging significantly higher intensities during 2016-2019 than those in 2010-2015. However, the cyanobacterial density and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) contents of Lake Taihu in 2021 have been downturned in recent years, and the underlying mechanisms have become a heated subject in multiple aspects. Based on the monthly occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms at 31 monitoring stations in Lake Taihu from 2010 to 2021, combined with the data of environmental conditions such as water quality, pollutants load into the lake, and hydrometeorological factors, this study seeks to unravel the characteristics of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu in 2021, the shifting kinetics of the environmental factors, and discusses the intrinsic causes of the lower cyanobacterial bloom intensity in 2021. The results revealed that the wind speed in Lake Taihu remained stable in 2021, with an average rise of 0.5 °C in the ambient temperature. Similarly, the rainfall incidence and the total rainy days from July to August were 1.6 and 1.2 times of the average value from 2010 to 2020 respectively. Among the critical nutrients, a respective decline of 49 %, 56 %, and 78 % was recorded for the total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄⁺-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO ₃⁻-N). Moreover, the random forest results evidenced that the NO ₃⁻-N, and NH ₄⁺-N were the key factors to affect the cyanobacterial density. This reduction in the nutrient levels caused by the abated nutrient loading into the lake coupled with the disproportionate rainfall and rainy days were the central causes for the obvious drop in the intensity of cyanobacterial blooms. Henceforth, the present work advocates to accelerate the robust technological application and management measures such as dual control of pollutant concentration and total amount to further reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus load to Lake Taihu.

Data availability

The authors do not have permission to share data.

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The declining cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu (China) in 2021: The interplay of nutrients and meteorological determinants

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The cyanobacterial blooms are global environmental perils and have been extensively compounded and changeable in Lake Taihu with emerging significantl...

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本文发表于 2020 年 3 月。工业废水、生活污水、农业有害农药和粪便的排放污染了中国的水体。根据2018年《中国水资源公报》（水利部2018），只有81.6%的河流、25.0%的湖泊、87.3%的水库、23.9%的浅层地下水符合饮用水源标准。

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Editorial　The idea for a world day for water was proposed in 1992, the year that the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro took place. That same year, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution by which March 22 of each year was declared World Day for Water, to be observed starting in 1993. Since then, March 22 became an international day that focuses on the importance of freshwater. The theme of World Water Day 2020 is about water and climate change and how the two are inextricably linked.

Climate change will have a direct impact on precipitation, evaporation, and other hydrological factors and will change the global hydrological cycle, thus leading to the spatial and temporal redistribution of water resources, causing a series of water safety issues. With rapid socioeconomic development and urbanization over the past 40 years, China's water environment situation has become increasingly complex, and the health impact of water safety has become one of the import public health issues. Access to safe drinking water is an important basis for population health.

The Chinese Government issued the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (the State Council, 2015) to strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution and ensure drinking water safety. The Outline of the "Healthy China 2030" Initiative addressed the importance of enhancing health risk assessment systems in environmental health issue.

On the World Water Day 2020, China CDC Weekly launch the commentary, summarizing the status of the hydrological environment and the actions taking place to protect drinking water in China and discusses the prospects on challenges of climate change and drinking water safety that China may face in the future.

Water safety refers to the ability of a state or a region to obtain needed water resources and water resource products and the ability to maintain sustainable ecological practices to protect the environment. The current state of water safety in China could be characterized by challenges in water scarcity, uneven distribution of water resources both spatially and temporally, and poor water quality ( 1).

Therefore, China will experience severe water stress based on shortages in the availability of water and the quality of water in the near future. Besides taking measures to reduce global warming and fighting against water pollution, China should address the issues of drinking water scarcity and safety, conduct health risk evaluation and management, improve the environmental health surveillance, establish health risk assessment systems, and focus on major public health issues that emphasizes the crucial transition from data monitoring to health risk assessment.

In this paper, the status of the water environment and the actions taking place on drinking water in China are summarized. Finally, the prospects on challenges of climate change and drinking water safety we may face in the future are discussed.

CURRENT STATUS OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT

The total volume of freshwater resources in China is 2.8 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 6 percent of global water resources and ranking fourth in the world behind Brazil, Russia, and Canada. However, China's water resources are estimated to be only 2,000 cubic meters per capita, a quarter of the world's average level. China, with a large area, varied topography, and an uneven distribution of water resources, has been listed as one of the 13 countries with a water shortage by the United Nations ( 2).

Pollution also exacerbates water scarcity in China. Discharge of industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, agricultural hazardous pesticides and manure has polluted the surface water and ground water. According to the 2018 "China's Water Resource Bulletin" (Ministry of Water Resources 2018) ( 3), only 81.6% of the rivers, 25.0% of lakes, 87.3% of reservoirs, and 23.9% of shallow groundwater met the criteria for drinking water supply sources. In 2018, the Ministry of Water Resources evaluated 1,045 centralized drinking water sources from 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) and found that the percentage of water sources for qualified centralized water supply was 83.5%. Even southern China, with relatively well-stocked water resources, also faced scarcity issues for providing safe and clean drinking water ( 3). In addition, given the rapidly developing economy, more and more newly-emerging contaminants are attracting widespread public attention. The effects of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) on drinking water quality also cannot be ignored.

Due to the increasing population and accelerated urbanization, the demand for safe drinking water is also rising. In 2018, water consumption was 225 L/day in urban areas and 89 L/day in rural areas compared with an average water consumption per capita (>350 L/day) for Japan and the USA ( 1). Currently 59.6% of China's population lives in cities and the demand for drinking water is expected to increase significantly as urbanization progresses ( 4). The population of China is predicted to arrive at the peak in 2030, and alarmingly, the annual per capita water resources will drop to 1,760 m ³, only 4% higher than the water stress threshold (1,700 m ³/year) ( 1).

Safe drinking water is closely related to public health. Currently, 5.5% of reservoir water sources and 16.1% of the lake water sources in China are not compliant with regulations ( 5). Water purification technology is relatively out of date. Many companies still use the conventional water treatment processes and some even have no water treatment measures. There is also secondary pollution risk because of aging water supply networks. Byproducts of disinfection affect water quality, and drinking water quality compliance rates must continue to be improved ( 6).

Global climate change is inextricably linked to water as it increases the variability of hydrological cycle, induces extreme weather events, affects water quality, and threatens sustainable development and biodiversity worldwide ( 7). Under the changing climate, extreme weather events are making water scarcer, more unpredictable, and more polluted. Action plans to tackle climate change need to be integrated with different disciplines and coordinated across different sectors. They must have one thing in common: safe and sustainable water management.

HEALTH RISKS OF WATER POLLUTION

Surveillance data from the National Health Commission of China show that the reported number of incident cases of national notifiable infectious diseases in 2018 was 7.8 million, including 18.9% water-borne diseases ( 4). Fluorosis due to drinking water and arsenic poisoning still threaten Chinese residents' health. According to 2018 China's Health Statistics Yearbook, there were 77,292 villages with fluorosis due to drinking water nationwide, which represents 2.1% of all villages in China. Although the number of drinking water arsenic poisoning patients has declined since 2011, China still had 2,667 villages with drinking water arsenic poisonings by the end of 2018, with an exposed population of 1.6 million ( 4).

Villages with high-relative prevalence of cancer in the Huai River Basin are a major health issue, drawing huge public and media concern in recent years. Among the 14 counties in key areas of the basin, cancer deaths were found to be at low or normal historical levels in 1970s according to total cancer mortality and its changes over the last 30 years. However, presently, cancer mortality is high. For example, Yingdong District in Anhui Province, Shenqiu County in Henan Province, and cities in Hubei Province experienced significant increases in cancer mortality over the past 30 years with rates as high as 9.27, 7.14, and 2.71 times the national average, respectively ( 8). In 2013, a book named Atlas of the Huai River Basin Water Environment and Digestive Cancer Mortality ( 9) was published. A review of variation in trends in the causes of death in the Huai River Basin over the past 30 years showed that the areas having the most polluted water for the longest time were precisely the areas with the highest increase in digestive-system cancer deaths. The increase of mortality was several times than that of the national average increase for the respective cancers. Spatial analysis shows a high level of correlation between the seriously polluted areas and areas with high mortality from cancer ( 9).

ON-GOING ACTIONS ON DRINKING WATER SAFETY

In recent decades, climate change has had a profound impact on the global natural ecosystem and human society and brought human health risks on water shortages and pollutions. It is necessary to pay more attention to water safety problems. Faced with this challenge, some critical actions have been taken in China.

Treatment of Water Pollution and Protection of Sources of Water

The State Council promulgated and implemented the Action Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control ("Water" in Article 10) in 2015 ( 10), which clarified that the local governments are the main body and responsible for the improvement of water pollution. The Ministry of Ecological Environment, in conjunction with other ministries, guided the local governments to implement the "Water" in Article 10. Until 2017, prefectural cities, provincial capitals, and municipalities directly under central government control have completed goals to ensure no large floating objects appeared on river surfaces, no garbage appeared on the river banks, and no illegal sewage was discharge. In addition, the percentage of black and odorous water is to be reduced to less than 10% of all water resources by the end of 2020.

For the protection of sources of drinking water, laws and regulations have been basically established including the Water Law, "Water" in Article 10, the Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Pollution in Drinking-Water Source Protection Areas, Regulations on the Urban Water Supply, Measures for Supervision and Administration of Drinking Water Hygiene, and the Standards for Drinking Water Quality. The protection of drinking water sources is mainly subject to compulsory management by all-levels of government. All provinces, cities, and counties have implemented water protection measures based on their actual conditions and level of pollution.

Surveillance of Water Quantity and Quality

The Ministry of Ecological Environment and the Ministry of Water Resources are responsible for monitoring the quantity and quality of water in the environment including surface water and groundwater, production of domestic water, and emergency incidents, and seawater and freshwater resources. The extensive surveillance of the quantity and quality of water provides data and information for environmental management and also provides a basis for quality assessments of river and marine water.

The National Health Commission is responsible for monitoring drinking water quality. At the end of 2018, China's monitoring of drinking water quality in urban and rural areas had basically covered all prefectures, counties, and 90% of towns and townships, and aims to cover all townships and towns by 2020. In addition, the quality of drinking water in urban and rural areas has been significantly improved in recent years, especially in rural areas ( 11). In 2018, the National Health Commission, in collaboration with other ministries, launched a revision of the standards for drinking water quality, which is expected to be released and implemented in 2020.

Centralized Water Supply and Rural Drinking Water Safety Projects

Currently, centralized water supplies have basically covered all urban areas and most rural villages and townships in China providing continuous and qualified domestic water for urban residents ( 12). For remote rural areas, where residents usually live separately, China launched a project to consolidate and improve the safety of drinking water in rural areas, giving priority to solving the problem of drinking water safety for the poor. In this rural drinking water safety project, a total of 14.3 billion CNY had been invested by the central government, and a total of 100.2 billion CNY had been invested in all localities, which helped to improve the safety of drinking water for 136 million people. The main goal of this project is to comprehensively solve the problem of drinking water safety for the poor by 2020. Besides, centralized drinking water supply and disinfection of drinking water has been promoted in rural areas with better economic conditions, but the coverage rate of the centralized water supply is still lower than that in cities ( 11).

Surveillance of Water-borne Infectious Diseases

The morbidity and other related statistical data of urban and rural water-borne diseases were collected for health surveillance through the information system for infectious diseases and all-cause disease surveillance. In the national notifiable infectious diseases, for example, cholera, typhoid and paratyphoid, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, viral hepatitis (A and E), and other infectious diarrheal diseases could be spread by water. Effective surveillance could provide a scientific basis for formulating strategies for the prevention and control of water-borne infectious diseases

Health Risk Assessment and Management of Drinking Water

As human health and the safety of drinking water are severely threatened, China has established national monitoring systems of environmental health and risk assessment since 2016. The current risk assessment system for human health has been transformed from single element assessment focus to a multi-elemental, multi-approach, and multi-disciplinary assessment. In 2018, the National Health Commission started a new round of revisions for drinking water standards, which introduced the environmental health risk assessment to set the limit value of the standard. In 2019, the National Institute of Environmental Health of China CDC, launched the pilot project on environmental health risk assessment under the leadership of the National Health Commission. The aims and goals of this pilot work were to understand the present situation of environmental health risk assessment and to build an environmental health risk assessment system in China, which would demonstrate and apply relevant technologies including methods and products in pilot provinces and cities. In 2020, we will conduct a drinking water-related health risk assessment in the pilot areas using monitoring data and a developed risk-assessment package. The findings of this pilot project will greatly enhance China's drinking-water health risk assessment technology. In doing so, corresponding measures may be taken for integrated water treatment and pollution control.

SUGGESTIONS ON THE NEXT STEPS FOR DRINKING WATER SAFETY

Water Safety Measures under Climate Change

With an increasing impact of human activities on climate change, measures should be taken to slow down climate change and improve the ability of human beings to cope with water safety problems. The fundamental way to mitigate climate change is to conserve available energy, develop alternative energy, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. According to the current challenges of water shortages and uneven distribution of water resources in China, opening new water sources, reducing resource expenditure, and improving utilization rates of water resources is necessary. In addition, it is necessary to monitor the hydrology and water quality of rivers and lakes in real time. We need to enhance the development and utilization of water resources through further research of the environment, function, and structure, the interactions among the components of the aquatic ecosystem, and the implementation of the real-time early warning and prediction systems for water safety.

Supporting Scientific Research on Water and Climate Change

Climate change will have a direct impact on precipitation, evaporation, surface runoff, and soil moisture and will affect the status of the global hydrological cycle causing spatial and temporal redistribution of water resources. Further research on the impact of climate change on water, such as studying the formation mechanisms of extreme weather events on flooding, could provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization of water resources and sustainable development of the economy and society. Epidemiological studies to understand the relationship between water pollution and health and new technology and other innovations for improving the water supply and water treatment are especially needed to address the water safety issue under the changing climate.

Formulating Laws and Regulations on Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Management

The lack of a structured scientific designs, macro-level policies, and coordinated mechanisms to respond to environmental health problems at the national level must be addressed and strengthened. Although there has been successive promulgation of a series of laws and regulations dealing with prophylaxis and control of environmental pollution, we lack effective approaches to tackle health problems. There are several prominent problems in the field of environmental health. First, the construction of environmental health monitoring and scientific management is lacking and the monitoring methods are not uniform. Second, there is a shortage of strategies for addressing emergency health issues in environmental pollution. Lastly, the environmental health information disclosure system is very new and lacks an extensive public participation mechanism. In addition, China's environmental health field does not sufficiently emphasize long-term, continuous, and systematic research-based data collection plans.

Enhancing National Drinking Water Monitoring and Establishing Relevant Health risk Assessment Systems

Departments related to drinking-water safety should strengthen infrastructure construction and drinking water treatment technology, gradually improve the monitoring network for drinking water and the ability to respond to emergency situations of drinking water pollution. Regulation of drinking water hygiene and health risk assessments and drinking water safety should be also strengthened ( 12). In particular, safe management of urban centralized water supplies and engineering quality control should be prioritized. Rural drinking water monitoring work should also be implemented. We should advance implementation strategies prioritizing health prevention and protection and focus on improving waterways with high fluoride, high arsenic, and high iodine.

The comprehensive environmental health monitoring and health risk assessment should be performed in representative cities, provinces, regions, and countrywide. It is essential to construct basic environmental and health interdisciplinary datasets, select nationally representative environmental and health monitoring sites, collect environmental and health data, and establish a comprehensive environmental and health monitoring data center. Data analysis and forecasting/warning software platforms should be utilized to augment related research in environmental health risk assessment and early warning mechanisms of drinking water quality with a focus toward human health. Finally, nationwide environmental health risk assessment systems should be built in China through pilot work conducted in representative areas.

Coordination of Environmental and Health Departments at National and Local Levels

Multi-sectoral coordination mechanisms of environmental health institutions should be established and improved, especially for water safety-related ministries. Furthermore, it is their responsibility to allocate responsibility, obligations, and working procedures to improve the quality of drinking water and responding to emergency situations. This should be done for all levels of water agencies based on their function, work base, and technical advantages. The Ministry of Ecological Environment, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the National Health Commission collaborate to enhance the safety of drinking water and are responsible for organizing and coordinating the management of drinking water nationally. They develop laws and regulations on sanitary standard for drinking water, quality monitoring, information management, risk assessment, and tackling environmental pollution.

Establishing an Emergency Water Supply System

The urban emergency water supply system plays an irreplaceable role in dealing with water emergency issues, such as severe water shortage and major water pollution. Therefore, the emergency water supply system should be incorporated into urban infrastructure construction and the planning of water resource development on the basis of local water resources and water safety status.

Expanding Awareness Through Publicity, Information Exchange, and Health risk Communication

The potential of environmental health promotion and education should also be considered to increase public awareness of environmental health and drinking water safety. Other suggestions include conducting national surveys on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), compiling scientific health hazard materials from experts regarding pollutants, raising public awareness of health protection, and establishing environment and health interfaces. This will lead public efforts toward the understanding of environmental indicators and scientific regulations and standards. It is also essential to establish a public environmental health information exchange platform for risk communication to address environmental health issues of great social concern, thereby enhancing the evaluation of environmental health risks and reducing public panic.

On World Water Day 2020, we should call for the following: First, we cannot afford to wait, and climate policy makers must put water at the heart of action plans. Second, water can help fight against climate change through sustainable, affordable, and scalable water and sanitation solutions. Finally, everyone can play a role in taking surprisingly easy steps to address climate change in our daily lives.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author thanks Professor Shilu Tong (School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University), Professor Tiantian Li, and Ms. Liang Zhao (National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention) for their data and material collection and critical review of the manuscript.

Biography

Xiaoming Shi, MD, PhD Professor and Director, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

References

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Articles from China CDC Weekly are provided here courtesy of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

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The Safety of Drinking Water in China: Current Status and Future Prospects

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Editorial　The idea for a world day for water was proposed in 1992, the year that the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro took place. That same year, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution by which March 22 of each year was declared World Day for Water, to be observed starting in 1993.

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空气污染增加不孕不育风险

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空气污染增加不孕不育风险

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瑞士跟踪全球空气质量的信息科技公司IQAir周二(3月14日)发布的一个新的报告显示，随着空气污染进一步恶化到令人震惊的水平，2022年全球只有13个国家和地区的空气质量列为"健康"。

该报告发现，全球约90%的国家和地区的平均年空气污染超过世界卫生组织用来指导各国政府制定保护公众健康的空气质量指标。

该公司分析了131个国家和地区的平均空气质量，发现只有六个国家，澳大利亚、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、格林纳达、冰岛和新西兰，以及太平洋和加勒比海的七个区域，包括关岛、波多黎各，符合世卫的空气质量指数，即平均空气污染在每立方米五微克或更少。

乍得、伊拉克、巴基斯坦、巴哈林、孟加拉国、布吉纳法索、科威特和印度的空气污染严重，远超过世卫组织的指标，平均空气污染在每立方米50微克。

这个研究特别观察极细微颗粒或PM2.5。这是最微小的污染物，也是最危险的。一旦吸入，PM2.5颗粒便深入肺部，并可能进入血液循环。它主要来自矿物燃料燃烧、沙尘暴和野火，可以引发一些健康问题，包括哮喘、心脏病和其他呼吸道疾病。

美国有线电视新闻网CNN周二报道说，世卫组织2021年9月加严了年均空气污染指标，将可接受的极细微颗粒从每立方米十微克降低到五微克。

报道说，每年全球数以百万计的人死于与空气污染有关的健康问题。根据世卫组织统计，约420万过早死亡与极细微颗粒PM2.5有关。

IQAir公司的报告继续强调一个令人担忧的现象，即在非洲、南美和中东的发展中国家，严重缺乏空气质量监测站，导致这些地区的空气质量数据不足。

报告发现，在过去几十年一直处于空气污染最严重国家之列的中国，2022年的空气质量继续得到改善。在中国大陆524个城市中，将近64%的年度PM2.5指数有所减少。

不过，IQAir强调，中国的煤炭使用继续是一个严重的气候和环境问题，尽管有所改善，但没有一个中国的城市达到了世界卫生组织空气质量指标。

另据路透社报道，巴基斯坦的第二大城市拉合尔成为2022年全球污染最严重的城市。拉合尔的空气质量从2021年的平均86.5的PM2.5值恶化到2022年的每立方米97.4微克的程度。

中国新疆的和田是中国唯一进入20个空气最污染之列的城市，排在拉合尔之后，2022年的PM2.5值为94.3，好于2021年的101.5。

另外两个污染最严重的城市是印度的比瓦迪，PM2.5值为92.7，紧随其后的是德里，为92.6。

路透社还说，乍得作为空气污染最严重的国家，平均PM2.5指数为89.7，随后是伊拉克，平均为80.1。

巴基斯坦全球排名第三，全国平均指数在70.9。巴基斯坦五个城市中的两个2022年的空气污染进入最严重之列。

随后是中东的巴哈林，PM2.5指数在66.6。

孟加拉国的空气污染为65.8，比2021年的76.9有所改善。当年，孟加拉国曾是最糟糕的国家。

全球一些污染最严重的城市都在印度，但是印度全国2022年排名第八，PM2.5指数在53.3.

报告说，印度和巴基斯坦将近60%的人口居住在污染最严重的地区，PM2.5指数的浓度至少高出世界卫生组织标准的七倍。

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令人震惊：全球只有十三个国家和区域空气质量达世卫标准

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
瑞士跟踪全球空气质量的信息科技公司IQAir周二(3月14日)发布的一个新的报告显示，随着空气污染进一步恶化到令人震惊的水平，2022年全球只有13个国家和地区的空气质量列为"健康"。