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Desert Storm, also known as the Gulf War, was a major military conflict that took place from August 2, 1990, to February 28, 1991. It occurred in the Middle East, primarily in the region of Kuwait…

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https://www.smore.com/esfcv

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The Impacts of 9/11 on US History
Gigi Ankaraju

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Kai Cervantes P.3 - Operation Desert Storm and Shield 

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Kai Cervantes P.3 - Operation Desert Storm and Shield 

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Operation Desert Storm and Shield - by Kai Cervantes by kai cervantes | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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Jonah Llamas P.3, Terrorist Attacks of 9/11

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Jonah Llamas P.3, Terrorist Attacks of 9/11

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September 11, 2001 Terror Attacks - The Day the Earth Stood Still by Jonah Llamas | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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https://www.smore.com/m08ab

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Summary

Operation Enduring freedom largely refers to the War in Afghanistan conducted by the United States after the 9/11 attacks, but also is used to describe the global War on Terror following the same date. These included the various US OEF sub operations, which were counterterrorism cells in other countries suspected of housing terrorists- the Philippines, Africa, and the Saharan Desert area. The main conflict would begin on October 7th, with air strikes across the Middle East. The purported goal was to destroy terrorist training camps, capture of al-Qaeda leaders, and the "end of terrorism" in the country. Troops would be deployed on ground later with tasks to support the war effort, such as humanitarian projects, training troops from other countries for the war effort, and searching ships for illegal cargo. Diplomatically, the US and UN made various ultimatums against Afghanistan to turn al-Qaeda over, which would all fall through. In retaliation, the US and its allies would freeze assets and arms trade against the Taliban. The echoes of the operation still persist in the war torn Middle East, affecting domestic and foreign policy, such as the Afghanistan pull out in 2020.

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Operation Enduring freedom largely refers to the War in Afghanistan conducted by the United States after the 9/11 attacks, but also is used to describe the global War on Terror following the same date. These included the various US OEF sub operations, which were counterterrorism cells in other countries suspected of housing terrorists- the Philippines, Africa, and the Saharan Desert area.

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Berlyn Ly P.1- Climate Change/ Global Warming

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Berlyn Ly P.1- Climate Change/ Global Warming

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What is Climate Change/ Global Warming?

Climate change is a long term alteration regarding usual weather patterns that have eventually been referred to as Earth's global, regional, local, climates. The Green house effect is a big causation behind how gasses begin to have an effect when entering Earth's atmosphere. People tend to mix between the two terms by mixing it reciprocally. However, global warming is just one aspect of climate change. Global warming can be defined as the rise in global temperatures caused mainly by the increasing utilization of greenhouse gasses. In addition, climate change can be related to the increase in climate abnormalities or natural disasters in a specific environment or area.

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Climate change is a long term alteration regarding usual weather patterns that have eventually been referred to as Earth's global, regional, local, climates. The Green house effect is a big causation behind how gasses begin to have an effect when entering Earth's atmosphere. People tend to mix between the two terms by mixing it reciprocally.

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Covid 19 & The Anti-Vaccine Push

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Covids Effects

Severe cases of COVID-19 can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), organ failure, and death, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with underlying health conditions.

Effects of economy

Very detrimental to small businesses forcing them into bankruptcy causing them to close, as well as a shortage of jobs causing many families to have one ore many members of a household jobless.

Society Changes

COVID-19 has brought about various societal changes. These include increased remote work arrangements, the adoption of virtual meetings and events, the rise of telemedicine, and a greater emphasis on personal hygiene practices. These changes may have long-term implications for how societies function and interact.

Impact on the environment

Even though covid was harsh on the entire human race, The world saw major improvements to the environment, such as less pollution in the air and waters of major cities due to the limited restriction on people leaving their houses.

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Covids Effects Severe cases of COVID-19 can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), organ failure, and death, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. Effects of economy Very detrimental to small businesses forcing them into bankruptcy causing them to close, as well as a shortage of jobs causing many families to have one ore many members of a household jobless.

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https://www.smore.com/92kwx

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Short Summary

The Miracle on Ice was a hockey game between the USA and the USSR. This game was significant because it was in the middle of the cold war and the US had wanted to boycott the 1980 olympic games. This brewed lots of tension between not only the players, but the people of these two nations as well. The US were heavy underdogs going into the game. Russia was easily the best team in the world and had battered Team USA previously in an exhibition game, just 3 days before the start of the olympics. Despite the odds being stacked against them, Team USA beat the USSR in the semi-finals and went on to win the gold medal. The win not only meant the world to the players, but to millions of Americans who found a new sense of pride and optimism toward the nations future.

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The Miracle on Ice was a hockey game between the USA and the USSR. This game was significant because it was in the middle of the cold war and the US had wanted to boycott the 1980 olympic games. This brewed lots of tension between not only the players, but the people of these two nations as well.

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January 6th Insurrection by Syed Mustafa | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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American Intervention In Bosnia

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American Intervention In Bosnia
By Kevin Schneider

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NFL Controversies - AP U.S. Final Project by Ronald Ortiz | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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Bibliography

Summary

The killing of George Floyd took place on May 25, 2020 when a former officer for Derrick chauvin applied immense pressure on Floyd's the neck for over 9 1/2 minutes leading to lack of oxygen which resulted in Floyd's life being taken .With several cases of murder and injustice in our police system involving black Americans this was the spark of them now socially known protest of black lives matter. With two other deaths before beingProminent in the headlines(Trayvon Martin and Breonna Taylor) days after the protest the officer was pronounced guilty and sentenced 35 years in prison this only being one act of justice.

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The killing of George Floyd took place on May 25, 2020 when a former officer for Derrick chauvin applied immense pressure on Floyd's the neck for over 9 1/2 minutes leading to lack of oxygen which resulted in Floyd's life being taken .With several cases of murder and injustice in our police system involving black Americans this was the spark of them now socially known protest of black lives matter.

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https://www.smore.com/n8rst4

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The First Earth Day - Every Day is Earth Day (but it began April 22, 1970) by Kelly Chu | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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The Mueller report was the final report summited by former director of the FBI Robert Mueller to the United States Department of Justice in March 2019. The report was a result of a 2-year investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. election and potential obstruction of justice by Donald Trump and his campaign. It would be divided into 2 volumes. The first would investigate Russian Interference in the 2016 election. It talks about the various methods Russians used to manipulate campaigns on social media. The second volume would investigate whether or not Trump was guilty of obstruction of justice.

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The Mueller report was the final report summited by former director of the FBI Robert Mueller to the United States Department of Justice in March 2019. The report was a result of a 2-year investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. election and potential obstruction of justice by Donald Trump and his campaign.

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Why did the Riots start?

The reason why the LA riots began was because four officers of the Los Angeles Police department were charged by using excessive force and beating of Rodney King. This incident was also recorded as well as shown on television broadcasts.

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The reason why the LA riots began was because four officers of the Los Angeles Police department were charged by using excessive force and beating of Rodney King. This incident was also recorded as well as shown on television broadcasts.

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Synopsis

The Space Shuttle Challenger and Columbia disasters were both monumental tragedies that shifted how the U.S. approaches space exploration as well as balancing the desire for technological advancements and the ethics of discovery. Although more than a decade apart, both the Challenger and Columbia incidents involved willful neglect of safety concerns proposed by engineers working on the shuttle by NASA officials.

Challenger

occurred in January 1986

Malfunctioned as the O-rings, which act as a seal to prevent air and fluid from escaping failed (cold weather decreases elasticity), causing a process known as joint rotation to occur

allowed hot exhaust gas to escape and turn into flames as the leak expanded.

the external fuel tank exploded leading to the breaking up of the Challenger shuttle.

One of the first televised tragedies

Columbia

17 years and a few days after the Challenger tragedy, the Columbia shuttle, under disturbingly similar circumstances, broke apart shortly after the time of liftoff.

Launched for its 28th mission

Malfunctioned because a piece of foam insulation broke apart and made a hole in the shuttle upon impact, allowing the extreme heat of atmospheric re-entry to disintegrate the shuttle.

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The Space Shuttle Challenger and Columbia disasters were both monumental tragedies that shifted how the U.S. approaches space exploration as well as balancing the desire for technological advancements and the ethics of discovery. Although more than a decade apart, both the Challenger and Columbia incidents involved willful neglect of safety concerns proposed by engineers working on the shuttle by NASA officials.

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jasmine lao p2 - black lives matter movement

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jasmine lao p2 - black lives matter movement

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Blake Montes P.3- Hurricane Katrina, Harvey, Irma/Maria

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Blake Montes P.3- Hurricane Katrina, Harvey, Irma/Maria

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Amy Wang P.3 - Collapse of the Soviet Union

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Amy Wang P.3 - Collapse of the Soviet Union

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Nathan Ibarra, Period 1, Jeffrey Epstein Scandal.

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Nathan Ibarra, Period 1, Jeffrey Epstein Scandal.

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Summary

The whole Jeffrey Epstein scandal started in 2005 in Palm beach Florida, Florida started investigating Jeffrey Epstein after a parent reported that he sexually abused their 14 year old daughter. Eyebrows started to rise during his time at Dalton School, a few students raised the concern to a school administrator when the students were uneasy about the relationship Epstein had with one of his students. Jeffrey Epstein was reportedly seen at a party where students were drinking and socializing. Epstein and his employees paid numerous underage girls to engage in sex acts with him. Later Jeffrey Epstein pleaded guilty and was convicted of procuring a child for prostitution and of soliciting a prostitute in 2008 by Florida state court. He served 13 months in custody and was only convicted of those two crimes as part of a plea deal, Federal Officials later identified 36 girls, some as young as 14 that were sexually abused by Jeffrey Epstein.

Videos on Jeffrey Epstein

Videos on Jeffrey Epstein

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The whole Jeffrey Epstein scandal started in 2005 in Palm beach Florida, Florida started investigating Jeffrey Epstein after a parent reported that he sexually abused their 14 year old daughter. Eyebrows started to rise during his time at Dalton School, a few students raised the concern to a school administrator when the students were uneasy about the relationship Epstein had with one of his students.

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Brett Montes P.3- The killing of Osama bin Laden

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Brett Montes P.3- The killing of Osama bin Laden

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https://apushthekillingofosamabinladen.weebly.com/

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Bibliography

​ (n.d.). Osama bin Laden killed by U.S. forces. Retrieved May 22, 2023, from https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/osama-bin-laden-killed-by-u-s-forces
Death of Osama bin Laden Fast Facts. (2013, September 9). CNN. Retrieved May 22, 2023, from https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/09/world/death-of-osama-bin-laden-fast-facts/index.html
Miller, Z. (n.d.). Osama bin Laden. PBS. Retrieved May 22, 2023, from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/tag/osama-bin-laden
Osama bin Laden - FBI. (n.d.). FBI. Retrieved May 22, 2023, from https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/osama-bin-laden

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​ (n.d.). Osama bin Laden killed by U.S. forces. Retrieved May 22, 2023, from https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/osama-bin-laden-killed-by-u-s-forcesDeath of Osama bin Laden Fast Facts. (2013, September 9). CNN. Retrieved May 22, 2023, from https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/09/world/death-of-osama-bin-laden-fast-facts/index.htmlMiller, Z. (n.d.). Osama bin Laden. PBS. Retrieved May 22, 2023, from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/tag/osama-bin-ladenOsama bin Laden - FBI. (n.d.). FBI.

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Marvin Benitez (P2) NFL controversies of the 2000s

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Marvin Benitez (P2) NFL controversies of the 2000s

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https://www.smore.com/k65s9

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Summary

NFL has been a popular American sport, with over 500 million Americans attending the Super Bowl yearly. It's filled with joy, excitement, and disappointment from a fan's perspective; however, aside from teams and players making big dollars, the league has been the most controversial, with many players committing various crimes and the company having terrible scandals. There were many scandals from many players in crimes ranging from sexual assault, like known players Deshaun Watson and Tyreek Hill, to even murder with the infamous death of Aaron Hernandez. That's not all as mentioned; there have been a lot of controversies like Collin Kapernicks protest against the American flag, the Washington redskins, the Deflagrate scandal, with lastly, the players dying early in their lives due to CTEs caused by their time in league with head injuries like concussion, for example, Antonio Brown. This contributes to our perspective as we are affected by seeing the athletes' lives and how they control themselves due to many of them suffering from the consequences of their actions and playing the sport itself. Seeing these players due to their thing off the field makes us normal human beings question why NFL players give up their lives over numerous mistakes in being professional, well-paid athletes. Why do they contribute horribly to society along with politics as well? Not only outside of their personal lives but within the game as well. It leads us to the questions involved.

Sports Analysts/Celerberties on the controversies of Kapernick

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NFL has been a popular American sport, with over 500 million Americans attending the Super Bowl yearly. It's filled with joy, excitement, and disappointment from a fan's perspective; however, aside from teams and players making big dollars, the league has been the most controversial, with many players committing various crimes and the company having terrible scandals.

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Manny Garcia (P2): Reaganomics in the 1980s

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Manny Garcia (P2): Reaganomics in the 1980s

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Reaganomics was a macroeconomic policy in the 1980s that aimed to stimulate economic growth and job creation by reducing taxes, regulations, and inflation, increasing military spending, and promoting market-based solutions.

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Reaganomics was a macroeconomic policy in the 1980s that aimed to stimulate economic growth and job creation by reducing taxes, regulations, and inflation, increasing military spending, and promoting market-based solutions.

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An artificial intelligence model created by OpenAI. It is used to have human-like conversations with

whoever it is chatting with. Conversations can range from virtual assistance, creative writing, language

practice, even pure entertainment.

Park, J. S., O'Brien, J. C., Cai, C. J., Morris, M. R., Liang, P., & Bernstein, M. S. (2023, April 7). Generative agents: Interactive simulacra of human behavior . Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2304.03442.pdf,

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An artificial intelligence model created by OpenAI. It is used to have human-like conversations with whoever it is chatting with. Conversations can range from virtual assistance, creative writing, language practice, even pure entertainment. Park, J. S., O'Brien, J. C., Cai, C. J., Morris, M. R., Liang, P., & Bernstein, M.

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The Great Recession was a global economic crisis that began in 2007 and lasted until 2009. It was triggered by the collapse of the U.S. housing market and the succeeding banking crisis. The subprime mortgage crisis, in which banks lent money to people with poor credit histories, led to a wave of foreclosures and defaults, causing the value of mortgage-backed securities to plummet. Leading banks to face losses and led to a credit crunch, with banks hesitant to lend to one another or to businesses and consumers. The resulting financial instability led to job losses, reduced consumer spending, and a global economic downturn.

The subprime mortgage crisis was a significant economic event that occurred in the early 2000s. It all began with banks lending money to people who had poor credit histories. This practice resulted in the creation of mortgage-backed securities, which were marketed as low-risk investment opportunities to investors. However, when mass defaults and foreclosures started occurring among these subprime borrowers, the value of these securities plummeted. Banks faced huge losses, and this led to a credit crunch as they became reluctant to lend to one another or to businesses and consumers. The resulting economic instability ledto job losses, reduced consumer spending and a global recession.

The Great Recession, which began in 2008, continued to have significant effects on the United States even after 2010. As the nation grappled with the aftermath, several key areas were impacted. The labor market experienced a slow recovery, with high unemployment rates persisting for some time. Job creation gradually picked up, but many workers faced challenges finding employment that matched their skill levels. The housing market suffered from the bursting of the housing bubble, leading to a wave of foreclosures and declining home values. This, in turn, affected consumer confidence and spending. To stabilize the economy, the Federal Reserve implemented monetary policies such as low interest rates and quantitative easing. The government also enacted stimulus packages and financial reforms to restore stability and prevent future crises. Furthermore, the Great Recession prompted a reevaluation of financial regulations and oversight. Stricter rules were implemented to prevent excessive risk-taking and improve transparency within the banking sector. While the effects of the Great Recession gradually diminished over time, its legacy influenced economic policies and shaped the nation's approach to financial stability for years to come.

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The Great Recession was a global economic crisis that began in 2007 and lasted until 2009. It was triggered by the collapse of the U.S. housing market and the succeeding banking crisis. The subprime mortgage crisis, in which banks lent money to people with poor credit histories, led to a wave of foreclosures and defaults, causing the value of mortgage-backed securities to plummet.

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Erik Fawcett-Ramirez

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The causes and effects of the event

Confederate Flag Entering In the White House

Summary of the January 6th Insurrection

The January 6th insurrection of the Us Capitol building took place after the 2020 election for the presidency of the US fought between candidates Joe Biden (democrat) and Donald Trump (republican), it had been caused by the suspicion of Joe Biden falsifying votes to win the election after some in the republican party felt their visible support on social media and/or news platforms would ensure Donald Trump's re-election. These people in the Republican party and Donald Trump himself felt that because vice president Mike Pence had the power to overturn the election he should do so to keep Trump in power. However, Mike Pence refused this Blatant power grab at the hands of corrupt Republicans sighting a possible coup, so this infuriated Trump and some of his supporters, inspiring Trump to begin a speech at the Ellipse encouraging his supporters to march and assemble at the US Capital building to fight against this perceived injustice. This led to an organized "protest" being created to announce the insurrection's displeasement with the failure of Mike Pence to overturn the conspiracized fraudulent election. This protest later though turned into a storming of the Capitol building to get vice president Mike Pence who was in the building at the time along with his family to be brought out and punished for his "crimes against democracy". As these radical Trump supporters invaded the capitol they attempted to also get into the Senate Chamber interrupting a debate over Arizona's election results while vandalizing, damaging, and stealing things inside of the building. This went on from 2 pm till 8 pm when the national guard declared that no more insurrectionists were inside or around the premise allowing former Vice Pres Pence (and his family) to escape and for the debate with Arizona to continue, also imprisoning over 1000 people involved with the insurrection. This happening ultimately lead to the investigation of Jan 6 and the trials against Donald Trump and his advisors for possibly sighting a seizure of the 2020 presidential candidacy.

Politicians Hiding From Insurrection Participators.

References

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The causes and effects of the event Confederate Flag Entering In the White House The January 6th insurrection of the Us Capitol building took place after the 2020 election for the presidency of the US fought between candidates Joe Biden (democrat) and Donald Trump (republican), it had been caused by the suspicion of Joe Biden falsifying votes to win the election after some in the republican party felt their visible support on social media and/or news platforms would ensure Donald Trump's re-election.

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Jacklynn Li (p.2) - Trump's Impeachments

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Jacklynn Li (p.2) - Trump's Impeachments

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Although the first impeachment trial heightened the political division within the country, the effect that the second impeachment trial had as it highlighted Trump as the first president to ever get impeached twice caused significantly more debates. It was after the second impeachment trials where multiple issues surrounding American democracy and government was truly brought to light and an intense debate about free speech, disinformation, and presidential power ensued.Within the Republican party, those who moved to impeach Trump received heavy amounts of backlash. They faced censures, and new challengers for their seats in the senate. This has caused a deepening division within the party, as they are separated into those who are "Pro-Trump" and those who are "Anti-Trump". The infighting has also led to the GOP (Grand Old Party/Republican Party) losing one senate seat, two governor's mansions, and four state legislative chambers.

​
American politics as a whole has become increasingly polarized-showcasing the power struggle between Democrats and Republicans, as both sides are unwilling to compromise on an issue.

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Although the first impeachment trial heightened the political division within the country, the effect that the second impeachment trial had as it highlighted Trump as the first president to ever get impeached twice caused significantly more debates.

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Fall of the Berlin Wall - Fiona Xie by Yufei Xie | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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Jaidyn Lombera (P.2): Transgender Womens Athletic Rights

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Jaidyn Lombera (P.2): Transgender Womens Athletic Rights

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Transgender Womens Athletic Rights
Jaidyn Lombera P.3

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Kaylee Moreno (P2): President Trump's Separation of Parents and Children

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Kaylee Moreno (P2): President Trump's Separation of Parents and Children

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Password: APUSH

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Hebe Wu (Per. 2) : COVID-19 & Anti Vaccination Push

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Hebe Wu (Per. 2) : COVID-19 & Anti Vaccination Push

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https://www.smore.com/gc5kq

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Covid-19 & Anti-Vaccination Push
APUSH Final Project by Hebe Wu

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Nicholas Walter (P2) - Kent State Massacre

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Nicholas Walter (P2) - Kent State Massacre

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https://www.smore.com/paxfv-kent-state-massacre

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Introduction

On May 4, 1970, a crowd of Kent state University demonstrators, who were opposing the Vietnam war, were fired upon by the Ohio national guard. These shots killed four innocent students, and injured nine, following the 61-67 shots fired in a 13 second period. This act of alleged "self-defense" has left a lasting impact on American History.
Jeffery Miller - 20 years old

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On May 4, 1970, a crowd of Kent state University demonstrators, who were opposing the Vietnam war, were fired upon by the Ohio national guard. These shots killed four innocent students, and injured nine, following the 61-67 shots fired in a 13 second period.

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Bryson Lofton (p.3) - Transgender Rights

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Bryson Lofton (p.3) - Transgender Rights

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https://sites.google.com/students.cnusd.k12.ca.us/the-grey-initiative/home

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Choi, A. (2023, April 6). Record number of anti-LGBTQ bills have been introduced this year | CNN politics . CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/06/politics/anti-lgbtq-plus-state-bill-rights-dg/index.html

Farrington, B. (2023, May 18). DeSantis signs bills targeting drag shows, transgender kids and the use of bathrooms and pronouns . AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/desantis-florida-lgbtq-education-health-c68a7e5fe5cf22ab8cca324b00644119

FORGE. (2022, October). Victim service providers' fact sheet #6 October 2012 - Forge . Transgender Rates of Violence. https://forge-forward.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/FAQ-10-2012-rates-of-violence.pdf

Moeder, N. (2022, October 12). Number of trans homicides doubled over 4 years, with gun killings fueling increase: Advocates . ABC News. https://abcnews.go.com/US/homicide-rate-trans-people-doubled-gun-killings-fueling/story?id=91348274

National Sexual Violence Resource Center. (n.d.). Sexual violence & transgender/non-binary communities. https://www.nsvrc.org/sites/default/files/publications/2019-02/Transgender_infographic_508_0.pdf

Truman, J. L., & Morgan, R. E. (2022, June 1). Violent victimization by sexual orientation and gender identity, 2017-2020 . Office of Justice Programs. https://www.ojp.gov/library/publications/violent-victimization-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-2017-2020

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bibliography
Choi, A. (2023, April 6). Record number of anti-LGBTQ bills have been introduced this year | CNN politics. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/06/politics/anti-lgbtq-plus-state-bill-rights-dg/index.html
Farrington, B. (2023, May 18). DeSantis signs bills targeting drag shows, transgender

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2008 Recession - Zach Gatchalian period 3 by Zachary Gatchalian | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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Nearly a decade passed between the shootings at Columbine High School, Sandy Hook Elementary School, and Parkland High School. We must take action before more lives are lost because despite the loss of so many innocent lives, nothing has changed.

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Nearly a decade passed between the shootings at Columbine High School, Sandy Hook Elementary School, and Parkland High School. We must take action before more lives are lost because despite the loss of so many innocent lives, nothing has changed.

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Summary

After winning three NCAA championships with the University of Minnesota, Herb Brooks gets the job to coach the USA men's Olympic hockey team. Due to the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) amateur-only policy, Brooks would have to make a team consisting of only college players to defeat the Soviets. The Soviet Union was the favorite walking into the 1980 Winter Olympics. The Soviets had won gold in five of the last six Winter Olympic Games. The Soviets were also using professional athletes. During the Olympics, the Soviets were steamrolling through the competition and advanced to the medal round. However, the USA was the biggest underdog in the tournament. They beat Czechoslovakia (the runner-up favorite) and tied Sweden. In the first game of the medal round the US would face off against the Soviets. The United States would beat the Soviets, 4-3. Two days later the US would beat Finland and win gold at the 1980 Winter Olympics.

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After winning three NCAA championships with the University of Minnesota, Herb Brooks gets the job to coach the USA men's Olympic hockey team. Due to the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) amateur-only policy, Brooks would have to make a team consisting of only college players to defeat the Soviets.

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"Women's March." History.Com , www.history.com/this-day-in-history/womens-march. Accessed 15 May 2023. Stein, Perry. "The Woman Who Started the Women's March with a Facebook Post Reflects: 'It Was Mind-Boggling.'" The Washington Post , 23 Oct. 2021, www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2017/01/31/the-woman-who-started-the-womens-march-with-a-facebook-post-reflects-it-was-mind-boggling/. "Five Major Things Trump Has Done to Roll Back Women's Rights." The Independent , 6 Mar.

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"Women's March." History.Com , www.history.com/this-day-in-history/womens-march. Accessed 15 May 2023. Stein, Perry. "The Woman Who Started the Women's March with a Facebook Post Reflects: 'It Was Mind-Boggling.'" The Washington Post , 23 Oct. 2021, www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2017/01/31/the-woman-who-started-the-womens-march-with-a-facebook-post-reflects-it-was-mind-boggling/. "Five Major Things Trump Has Done to Roll Back Women's Rights." The Independent , 6 Mar.

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What is the Iranian Hostage Crisis?

The Iranian Hostage Crisis was a diplomatic standoff between the United States and Iran. This event took place from November of 1979 to January of 1981 when a group of Iranian students invaded the US embassy in Tehran taking 66 U.S. citizens hostage. This lasted 444 days.

What did this mean for the U.S.?

The taking of hostages brought upon a great change to United States in terms of politics and economics. President Jimmy Carter began taking measures to pressure Iran to release the hostages. Carter began by suspending foreign travel. Carter tried negotiating with Iran's government which was also thrown into disarray at the hostage situation themselves. On April 24th, 1980, a U.S. task force landed in a desert southeast of Tehran (via helicopter) attempting to perform a rescue mission on the hostages. This plan, named "Operation Eagle Claw", quickly failed before it even got started, two helicopters collided with a support aircraft, killing 8 U.S. service members. Their bodies were left there and later paraded on by Iranian television cameras. Carter's administration was greatly humiliated and put in a great effort to retrieve the bodies. This failed attempt caused the transportation of the hostages to new concealed locations bringing all diplomatic initiatives against the hostage crisis to a halt.

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The Iranian Hostage Crisis was a diplomatic standoff between the United States and Iran. This event took place from November of 1979 to January of 1981 when a group of Iranian students invaded the US embassy in Tehran taking 66 U.S. citizens hostage. This lasted 444 days.

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I'ma keep it a buck with you, but I don't know, but find out more by clicking this button to figure out yourself!

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Rise of OPEC:

1.) The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) played a central role in the crises.

2.) OPEC members, including Iran, Iraq, Venezuela, and Saudi Arabia, sought to exert control over their oil resources.

3.) Nationalization of oil production and export policies disrupted the balance of power in the global oil market.

Global Economic Consequences:

1.) The oil crises triggered a recession in many countries, causing high inflation rates, reduced economic growth, and rising unemployment.

2.) Industries heavily dependent on oil, such as transportation and manufacturing, were severely affected.

Energy Security and Diversification:

1.) The oil crises exposed the vulnerability of nations reliant on imported oil.
2.) Governments and industries began investing in alternative energy sources, including nuclear power, coal, and renewable energy.

Closing Statement:

In conclusion, the 1970s oil crises were a pivotal moment in history, revealing the world's vulnerability to energy shocks, reshaping energy policies, and redefining geopolitical dynamics. They serve as a stark reminder of our dependence on finite resources and the urgent need to transition toward sustainable and resilient energy systems. As we reflect on the past, let us use the lessons learned to forge a future that embraces innovation, diversification, and global cooperation in the pursuit of a more secure and sustainable.

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1.) The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) played a central role in the crises. 2.) OPEC members, including Iran, Iraq, Venezuela, and Saudi Arabia, sought to exert control over their oil resources. 3.) Nationalization of oil production and export policies disrupted the balance of power in the global oil market.

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Chloe Wu P.3 The Emergence of the Internet Age

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Chloe Wu P.3 The Emergence of the Internet Age

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ChatGPT

ABOUT CHATGPT

ChatGPT is a language model developed to learn and transform its conversations in response to information presented to it. It is trained with its background information based upon human-text from the internet.

The AI of ChatGPT will take this information to formulate it into relevant responses that are fine tuned based on the prompt it was presented with. The AI is suitable for use when being asked for information, input on a subject, a conversation, and much more as it contains infinitely many possibilities.

Research Settings

ChatGPT has the ability to provide immense amount of information in seconds due to its large storage of data in which it was trained with. The AI is able to piece together information research and other sources to provide a relevant answer to the prompt in which it was provided.

Since the AI is trained to develop and analyze what it is brought with, this gives it the ability to provide people with detailed and analytical responses, as well as being able to revise works presented to it, such as essay papers, while also being able to write these works itself and provide citics to the person, as if they were a teacher.

​

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Conversational Implications

The AI model of ChatGPT can be used to guide people, essentially as a virtual assistant available across the board.

However, instead of uniform responses that may automatically be shown to a person, the AI will respond back as if a real human were to. This effectively increases efficiency in sectors such as business, while also giving fulfillment to someone's question

ChatGPT can also serve as a Chatbot to fulfill someone's conversation a more casual setting with its relevant responses.

Why Was ChatGPT Created?

Founder Sam Altman wanted to create a language tool to assist with tasks

​

The company, OpenAI, aims to benefit humanity as a whole developing AI to fit into a spectrum of purposes in different aspects of life

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"ChatGPT was created to advance the state of the art in language models, foster research and innovation, democratize AI technology, and gather user feedback as part of OpenAI's mission to ensure the benefits of AI are accessible to all."

Summary

Slides

Bibliography

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ChatGPT ABOUT CHATGPT ChatGPT is a language model developed to learn and transform its conversations in response to information presented to it. It is trained with its background information based upon human-text from the internet. The AI of ChatGPT will take this information to formulate it into relevant responses that are fine tuned based on the prompt it was presented with.

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It's impact to the United States

How does GMOs relate to our day to day life?

GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, have become a part of our day-to-day lives in various ways. They are present in many of the food products we consume, such as corn, soybeans, canola oil, and processed foods containing ingredients derived from these crops. GMOs have been developed to exhibit specific traits like improved resistance to pests, tolerance to herbicides, and enhanced nutritional content.

Learn About Monsanto and its ongoing debates

More about Monsanto and its products

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It's impact to the United States GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, have become a part of our day-to-day lives in various ways. They are present in many of the food products we consume, such as corn, soybeans, canola oil, and processed foods containing ingredients derived from these crops.

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This will also be in my presentation as well as on the bottom of this page where the URL for the PDF is located.

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) or HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) had an epidemic that started in the 1980s and has continued on until now. It is an STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) that has found some breakthrough recently with an actual cure being found and tested for the public. Already 3 cases of HIV have been cured. Many Americans were infected with the virus but it was a world epidemic. It has killed mass amounts of people, in fact, about 40.1 million people have been killed by the disease. At the beginning, HIV may feel like the flu. With symptoms like fever, tiredness, sore throat, and aching muscles. This is in the first weeks of contracting the virus. After the early stage, there's a long period where you might not have any symptoms at all which is called the asymptomatic stage. But even though the person doesn't feel sick, HIV is still damaging the immune system making it easier for sickness. Then, the contracted get sicknesses that healthy people wouldn't normally get which are called opportunistic infections. They can be things like pneumonia, tuberculosis, or different kinds of cancers. When HIV is really advanced serious problems come up. These can include losing weight, having constant diarrhea, sweating a lot at night, getting fevers often, having a bad cough, feeling really tired, having problems with your brain or nerves, and getting rashes on your skin.

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This will also be in my presentation as well as on the bottom of this page where the URL for the PDF is located. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) or HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) had an epidemic that started in the 1980s and has continued on until now.

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Joseph Chumacero p.3- The Iraq war and the Rise of ISIS

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Joseph Chumacero p.3- The Iraq war and the Rise of ISIS

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My site

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Watch an interview from veteran of the Iraq war or learn from a powerpoint

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Ricardo Escobedo P.3 Gentrification in LA & OC

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Ricardo Escobedo P.3 Gentrification in LA & OC

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Apush Final Project - Gentrification in L.A. & OC by Ricardo Escobedo | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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Ethan Sim Per. 3 | The Shuttle Challenger and Columbia Disasters

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Ethan Sim Per. 3 | The Shuttle Challenger and Columbia Disasters

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APUSH Final Project - The Shuttle Challenger & Columbia Disasters by Ethan Sim | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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Natalia Roman P.1 - The Watergate Scandal

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Natalia Roman P.1 - The Watergate Scandal

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https://www.smore.com/bytc6

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The Historical Watergate Scandal
AP US History Final Project - Natalia Roman

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Throughout the 1970s, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a geopolitical struggle known as the Cold War, and the 1980 Olympic boycott was a significant event in the United States foreign policy during this era. Both superpowers sought to gain influence and secure allies around the world, often through proxy conflicts and ideological battles, such as the arms race, and space race. In 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, sparking international criticism. In response, President Jimmy Carter issued an ultimatum to the Soviet Union, demanding the withdrawal of troops. When the Soviets failed to comply, Carter decided not to send the US sports teams to the 1980 Summer Olympics held in Moscow as a diplomatic protest. Carter saw the Soviet Union as a great threat to world stability, peace, and human rights violations, and this put the Soviet Union's actions in Afghanistan to a global audience. Many countries in the Western Hemispheres, including the UK, Australia, and Canada followed the US boycott decision, along with 64 total countries. The Olympic Committee met at a critical tension with the US government, expressing that athletes are simply "pawns in the political game", and "we're the team with no results". The 446 athletes (today who are in their 50s and 60s, supposedly celebrating their anniversaries, as if they had something to celebrate) were now depressed when the dreams that they have been working tirelessly on a daily basis were now denounced by the government. Many critics saw it unfit to put the Olympic stage to the use of political demonstration over pure sportsmanship, and ultimately the boycott not only did not solve the Afghanistan invasion problem but made tensions worsened between the US and the Soviets.

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Throughout the 1970s, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a geopolitical struggle known as the Cold War, and the 1980 Olympic boycott was a significant event in the United States foreign policy during this era. Both superpowers sought to gain influence and secure allies around

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My Site

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Sarah Lee Per. 1 | The Oklahoma City Bombings |

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Sarah Lee Per. 1 | The Oklahoma City Bombings |

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Hrutu Desai P.1 Obamacare (Affordable Care Act)

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Hrutu Desai P.1 Obamacare (Affordable Care Act)

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Obama Care (Affordable Care Act) - By: Hrutu Desai by Hrutu Desai | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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Kristen McCormick P3, Impeachment of Clinton

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Kristen McCormick P3, Impeachment of Clinton

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The Impeachment of Clinton
Kristen McCormick - Cummings P.3

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Sky Wang P1, Operation Desert Storm and Shield

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Sky Wang P1, Operation Desert Storm and Shield

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Summary

The Gulf War, also known as the Persian Gulf War, was a military conflict between August 1990 and February 1991. It was triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, which Saddam Hussein, the President of Iraq at the time, claimed as an Iraqi province. The war involved an international coalition led by the United States against Iraq. The immediate cause of the Gulf War was Iraq's aggressive actions towards Kuwait. On August 2, 1990, Iraqi forces invaded and occupied Kuwait, which drew worldwide condemnation. The United Nations Security Council swiftly passed a series of resolutions demanding Iraq's immediate withdrawal from Kuwait. Iraq ignored these resolutions, forming a coalition of 34 countries, with the United States taking the lead in military operations. Prior to the official start, Operation Desert Shield was kicked off where the coalition began amassing troops for the formal invasion. The Gulf War officially began on January 17, 1991, with a massive aerial bombardment campaign launched by the coalition forces against Iraq. This phase, known as Operation Desert Storm, aimed to cripple Iraq's military infrastructure and diminish its ability to wage war. The coalition employed advanced technology, such as precision-guided munitions and stealth aircraft, to minimize casualties and maximize effectiveness. In addition to the air campaign, a ground offensive was launched on February 24, 1991, with the goal of liberating Kuwait. The coalition forces swiftly overwhelmed the Iraqi army and achieved a decisive victory in a matter of days. The operation was characterized by a combination of air superiority, armored assaults, and effective coordination among coalition forces. The Gulf War resulted in the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait, effectively restoring its sovereignty. However, despite international pressure, Saddam Hussein remained in power in Iraq. The war significantly damaged Iraq's infrastructure and military capabilities, but Hussein managed to retain his grip on the country. The Gulf War had far-reaching consequences for the region and the international community. It highlighted the power and effectiveness of multinational coalitions in addressing aggression. It also revealed the limitations of military intervention in achieving political objectives, as Saddam Hussein's regime survived the conflict. The conflict had economic implications, particularly with regard to oil prices and the stability of the Middle East. The war demonstrated the vulnerability of oil supplies and highlighted the need for energy security measures in the global arena.

Videos/Documentaries to watch

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The Gulf War, also known as the Persian Gulf War, was a military conflict between August 1990 and February 1991. It was triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, which Saddam Hussein, the President of Iraq at the time, claimed as an Iraqi province. The war involved an international coalition led by the United States against Iraq.

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Jake Starr P3, America's Prison Epidemic

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Jake Starr P3, America's Prison Epidemic

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https://starrwritings.com/americaprisonepidemic

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Videos Presentation: Click for Video Presentation Extra Video Resources:

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Prabhas Kolluri, The Prison Epidemic, P.1

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Prabhas Kolluri, The Prison Epidemic, P.1

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https://theprisonwar.weebly.com/

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The so-called “Prison Epidemic” refers to the serious and expanding problem in the United States of America of mass incarceration, particularly in the United States. It is a serious issue,…

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Controversies in the NFL - From the year 2000-Present day by Jacob Weinrich | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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What Is The Opioid Epidemic?

Opioids are a drug and medication that are classified as depressants (painkillers) which causes you to feel drowsy and lethargic. Opioid, naturally stemming from the poppy plant, was transformed into multiple forms of drugs such as fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, etc., all of which are illegal, unless prescribed by the doctor. The opioid epidemic, in this case, is the increase of deaths caused by opioids (overdose) and the increase in opioid addiction worldwide and in the US starting from the mid 1990s, and continues to affect us today. This was due to the FDA approving their first legal opioid, oxycontin, believing it would lessen drug abuse as it would be absorbed slowly. Instead, this lead to the gateway for more opioids, such as heroin, fentanyl, and other opioids. This epidemic is important in which it caused a significant amount of overdosage deaths, mainly from opioids thus decreasing the life expectancy for Americans and increasing the incidence of related diseases and other mental health problems.

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Opioids are a drug and medication that are classified as depressants (painkillers) which causes you to feel drowsy and lethargic. Opioid, naturally stemming from the poppy plant, was transformed into multiple forms of drugs such as fentanyl, morphine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, etc., all of which are illegal, unless prescribed by the doctor.

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https://finalprojectapushperiod1.my.canva.site/

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Chat GPT is an advanced language model that was developed by AI. It traces back to the orginal GPT in 2018 in which evolved into the 3rd GPT in 2020. GPT-3 marked a significant advancement in natural language capabilities and have the ability to generate relevant responses. Chat GPT then became an adaptation of GPT-3 specifically designed for chat based interactions. However the development of Chat GPT would sometimes produce biased or inappropriate responses. That is why Open AI has been actively working to improve those issues and ensure safety measures on the use of the technology it withholds. As it continues to evolve, it holds great potential for revolutionizing the way people communicate and interact with machines.

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Chat GPT is an advanced language model that was developed by AI. It traces back to the orginal GPT in 2018 in which evolved into the 3rd GPT in 2020. GPT-3 marked a significant advancement in natural language capabilities and have the ability to generate relevant responses.

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Arod (P.1) The end of the Afghanistan War

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Arod (P.1) The end of the Afghanistan War

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How the Taliban started the war against them

With the attacks on 9/11 where 4 U.S. planes were hijacked. Two of them crashed into the world trade center, destroying both towers killing 2,996 people. The third plane crashed into the pentagon killing 189 people. The last got reclaimed by the people on board and crashed into a open field in Pennsylvania. This started the war with Afghanistan leading to president Bush signed a joint force operation which allowed for force against the Taliban .

U.S activity in Afghanistan

(2001) U.S military along with British support begin operation Enduring Freedom. The bombardment of Taliban forces. In the same year Bin Laden goes into hiding. 3 years later he resurfaces after "major fighting" is over. Afghanistan at this time is in a democracy. A violent resurgence happens in 2006 with 4x the amount of suicide bombers. Once Obama comes into office he recommits to Afghanistan(2009). 2 years later Al Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden gets killed by U.S Seal Team 6. The fighting begins to slow. Once Biden comes into office, he asks for the full removal of troops.

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The Ending of the Afghanistan War - Looking into the 20 year long war against the Taliban by Alexander Rodriguez | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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Four students were killed, eight were injured, and one was left permanently paralyzed when 28 National Guardsmen opened fire on a crowd of anti-war protesters on the Kent State University campus on May 4, 1970, in Kent, Ohio. The tragedy greatly intensified the anti-war movement and served as a turning point for a nation divided by the conflict revolving the Vietnam War.

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Four students were killed, eight were injured, and one was left permanently paralyzed when 28 National Guardsmen opened fire on a crowd of anti-war protesters on the Kent State University campus on May 4, 1970, in Kent, Ohio. The tragedy greatly intensified the anti-war movement and served as a turning point for a nation divided by the conflict revolving the Vietnam War.

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Taha Basheer P1, The Equifax Security breach

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Taha Basheer P1, The Equifax Security breach

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cyberwargobrrrrrrrrr

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Equifax Security Breach (OH NOES!?) - By Taha Basheer by Taha Basheer Al Omrani | This newsletter was created with Smore, an online tool for creating beautiful newsletters for educators, nonprofits, businesses and more

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For years, school shootings have devastated the lives of students, teachers, and parents across the United States. The trail of destruction they leave behind has forever shaped the social and political landscape of the U.S. They have led to social movements and new gun control legislation in the

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Jacob Lin P.1 The Killing of Osama bin Laden 

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Jacob Lin P.1 The Killing of Osama bin Laden 

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Alejandro Flores P.2 U.S Involvement in the Ukrainian/Russian War

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Alejandro Flores P.2 U.S Involvement in the Ukrainian/Russian War

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Overall US Involvement in the Ukraine/Russian War.

The United States has supported Ukraine diplomatically in a number of ways, including by putting sanctions on Russia that have affected essential parts of the Russian economy, including the oil, financial, and defense industries. Along with helping Ukraine militarily defend itself against Russian aggression, the United States has been applying pressure on Russia to respect Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity with its allies. This help includes sending military advisors to Ukraine and non-lethal military supplies like communications gear, body armor, and night vision goggles. The United States has also dispensed $13 billion of its budget to support Ukraine and will soon start funding another $9.9 billion that Congress as of late approved to ensure the Ukrainian government can continue its fight for sovereignty. All of these efforts are aimed at defeating Russian aggression.

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The United States has supported Ukraine diplomatically in a number of ways, including by putting sanctions on Russia that have affected essential parts of the Russian economy, including the oil, financial, and defense industries. Along with helping Ukraine militarily defend itself against Russian aggression, the United States has been applying pressure on Russia to respect Ukrainian sovereignty and territorial integrity with its allies.

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Casey Dinh p2 Cyber Security Warfare/Equifax

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Casey Dinh p2 Cyber Security Warfare/Equifax

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https://sites.google.com/students.cnusd.k12.ca.us/cyberwarfareapush/home

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Miles Wingate p.2 global warming/ climate change

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Miles Wingate p.2 global warming/ climate change

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Climate Change is the altering of natural weather patterns and occurrences due to the greenhouse effect. This can manifest as natural disasters of new strength, year after year of the hottest summers on record, and more rain, snow, and other things falling from the sky than usual., as well as rising sea levels.

One thing needs to be made clear: Climate Change is NOT simply "global warming." Most of the time it is seen that way, but climate change is a range of things, including rising global temperatures. It also, however, means dry places get drier, wet places get wetter, and natural weather disasters like hurricanes get worse.

The greenhouse effect mentioned above is the effect gases have when they enter our atmosphere. Increased pollution of the air and emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere, raising temperatures.

One of the biggest obstacles to making a start on climate change is that it has become a cliché before it has even been understood."

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Climate Change is the altering of natural weather patterns and occurrences due to the greenhouse effect. This can manifest as natural disasters of new strength, year after year of the hottest summers on record, and more rain, snow, and other things falling from the sky than usual., as well as rising sea levels.

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Ethan Kung, P.3, Three Mile Island disaster

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Ethan Kung, P.3, Three Mile Island disaster

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http://www.rooseveltcpush.com/unit-8-cold-war-era-1945-1980--unit-9-reagan-to-present.html

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Unit 8 Cold War Era 1945-1980 & Unit 9 Reagan to Present

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Finish Persons Project Videos Final Project