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“Battle of Okinawa: The National WWII Museum: New Orleans.” The National WWII Museum | New Orleans, 20 May 1970, www.nationalww2museum.org/war/topics/battle-of-okinawa.
“Emperor Hirohito.” Nuclear Museum, ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/ahf/profile/emperor-hirohito/#:~:text=Hirohito%20(1901%2D1989)%2C,longest%2Dserving%20monarch%20in%20history.&text=Hirohito%20was%20born%20in%20Tokyo,ascended%20the%20throne%20in%201912. Accessed 18 May 2023.
“Japanese Suicide Attack on American Art Print by Wilf Hardy.” Fine Art America, fineartamerica.com/featured/japanese-suicide-attack-on-american-wilf-hardy.html?product=art-print. Accessed 18 May 2023.
Demuth, Patricia, and John Mantha. “What Was Pearl Harbor?” Amazon, 2013, www.amazon.com/Pearl-Harbor-Patricia-Brennan-Demuth/dp/0448464624.

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https://www.unrefugees.org/refugee-facts/what-is-a-refugee.

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I believe that the way Hideki felt all throughout the book is representative of a refugee. He is scared, hungry, thirsty, tired, and many times injured. Hideki knows he cannot go back to his home. research shows that many refugees had these same problems and could not afford to stay in their country.

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In the author's note, Alan Gratz specifically wrote that he researched the speaking style and the kind of words they said back then during the period, and incorporated those words into the texts, so that way that the dialogues would be as accurate as possible. However, after some research about the Battle of Okinawa, it was found that there were not only US Marines, but there were soldiers from the US Army. So that piece of information was false throughout the first half of the book. Other infantry divisions of the army were not listed at all, which leads to us think that only the Marines were only ones who were involved in the Battle of Okinawa.

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How do minor characters add complexity to the story? Shigetomo is a minor character but has a big impact on the book because he is an ancestor of Hideki who believes that Shigetomo was the source of his fear and cowardness. Masako is a minor character added later in part 2 but plays a pivotal role because she helps Hideki, Kimiko, and the other children escape the Japanese base.
How do character traits collide with the expectations of the era?
Ray matched the characteristics of a new soldier. Scared, desperate, angry, and serious are all traits of how a soldier would be and Ray represents that perfectly. Hideki is scared, hungry, tired, and injured. These would all be traits of a refugee in a war.

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"What Was Pearl Harbor?" is a children's non-fiction book by Patricia Brennan Demuth that explores the events surrounding the attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II. The book is part of the "What Was?" series, which is designed to introduce children to important historical events and figures. It covers the events leading up to the attack, the attack itself, and its aftermath. The book contains a glossary of terms, black-and-white illustrations, and photographs to help children understand the significance of this event in American history. Overall, "What Was Pearl Harbor?" is an informative and engaging read for children who are interested in history.

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This article explains about World War 2 that happened in 1945. It explains how the U.S. and the Japanese fought a gruesome battle. It explains what the Japanese did to pressure the Americans.

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Fort Belvoir,Virginia, 1941
Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-and-White Negatives

After the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in December, 1941, the United States declared war on Japan. Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. a few days later, and the nation became fully engaged in the Second World War.

U.S. involvement in the Second World War was quickly followed by a massive mobilization effort. With millions of men and women serving overseas in the nation's armed forces, most of those who remained at home dedicated themselves to supporting the war effort in whatever means was available to them. Women, who had worked as homemakers or had held jobs outside military-related industries, took jobs in aircraft manufacturing plants, munitions plants, military uniform production factories, and so on. As the need for steel and other resources increased, American citizens participated in rationing programs, as well as recycling and scrap metal drives. Americans also supported the war effort with their hard-earned dollars by purchasing Liberty bonds. Sold by the U.S. government, the bonds raised money for the war and helped the bond purchasers feel they were doing their part for the war effort.

The U.S. entry into the war helped to get the nation's economy back on its feet following the depression. Although just ten years earlier, jobs were very difficult to come by, there were now jobs for nearly everyone who wanted one. With the creation of 17 million new jobs during the war, workers were afforded the opportunity to pay off old debts, as well as to begin saving some of their earnings.

Not all Americans remaining at home gained favorably from the war. Fearing that Japan might invade the West Coast of the United States, the government rounded up thousands of Japanese Americans who lived on the West Coast, and confined them to internment camps. By 1948 when the internment program ended, tens of thousands of Japanese had suffered as internees. In addition, German Americans, Italian Americans, Hungarians, Romanians and Bulgarians were also interned.

On May 8, 1945, Germany surrendered. After the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945, and the Second World War came to an end. The war cost the lives of more than 330,000 American soldiers. Many more were permanently injured or maimed.

To find more documents on this topic in Loc.gov, search with such terms as internment camps, defense workers, atomic bomb, and the names of world leaders such as Franklin Roosevelt and Adolf Hitler.

Documents

Women Defense Workers

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World War II | Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945 | U.S. History Primary Source Timeline | Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress

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After the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor in December, 1941, the United States declared war on Japan. Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. a few days later, and the nation became fully engaged in the Second World War.

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Due to the conflict between Japan and America, Hideki Kaneshiro, his mother, father, sister, and brother were evacuated to Japan. When an IJA soldier seized him, Kimiko tried to defend him by calling him a coward. Shigetomo, a decapitated ancestor who was handed down through the years, is said by Hideki's family to haunt them. Lieutenant Colonel Sana issues a warning to Hideki and his students of the impending American invasion of Okinawa and provides them with two grenades. One is used against the invaders and the other is used to kill themselves. Oto, Hideki’s father, is dying of a stomach wound. He informs Hideki that his mother and brother have passed away, and the Yamato was sunk by the Americans weeks previously. Without encountering any Japanese opposition, Private Ray Majors and 183,000 American troops and Marines of the Tenth Army land on Okinawa. Corporal John Barboza is their foxhole comrade, while Sergeant Walter Meredith is their squad leader. As they move east to secure the landing beach, Ray's team is shot at by snipers, which results in the death of one of their troops. A lone Japanese soldier attacks Ray and his team; Ray shoots the enemy down. Ray stops throwing grenades into the caverns because he is upset. Big John takes over as the new sergeant when Sergeant Meredith chooses to start using smoke grenades. After the Japanese planned a surprise attack on the Americans they figured it out early so they started attacking back. Ray ends up chasing Hideki and Ray shoots at Hideki and Hideki throws a grenade at Ray.

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At the beginning of part 2, Hedeki and Ray are in the forest lying unconscious but Hediki ends up waking up and checks to see if Ray was breathing but he wasn’t. Hideki takes Ray’s bag and leaves him. However, the two never actually knew each other in the book. Hideki remembers what his father told him to do and starts to head South to find his sister, Kimiko. He starts to travel to Ichinichibashi which is where his sister is. Hidekei finds food in Ray’s backpack but does not eat it because he thinks it might be poisoned. Hideki goes through the bag some more and finds a picture of Ray and his family as well as the other pictures of Okinawans that Ray had. He also realizes that the word “Rei” sounds the same as “Ray” and means “ghost” in Japanese. Hideki finds Yoshio, who was a former bully to him and he takes him to the cave where he, his family, and other Okinawans are hiding out. When an Okinawan woman and Hideki try to free Ray’s Malibu, a soldier at the cave catches them and accuses them of speaking Okinawan as well as spotting an American cigarette Hideki had from Ray’s backpack. The soldier accuses Hideki of being a spy and kicks him out of the cave, forcing him to continue South. Hideki gets found by American soldiers and is healed by a doctor. After he leaves, Hideki travels some more and finds an Okinawan family. He tells them that if they surrender they will not be harmed. He is right. Hideki makes it to a command post run by Japanese soldiers and meets a nurse named Masako. Americans attack the post and Hideki and Masako are the only survivors. The two are about to continue looking for Kimiko but are found again by Japanese soldiers and are taken to another post. There, Hideki finds Kimiko, and Hideki, Masako, and Kimiko make a plan to escape with the other children. When they do, they need to make it past other soldiers as well as Americans. When they make it past, they arrive at a cave safely and the book ends with Hideki saying: “This is not the end. It is a new beginning.”

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Around the middle of the book, bombs were being set off.  In the war, Americans would set off many bombs to try to scare and kill the Okinawans and the Japanese soldiers.  They also talked a lot about running out of resources and more which actually did happen in the war.

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The book Night written by Elie Wiesel is someone similar to the book Grenade by Alan Gratz because both were based on the period of a war. Both books involve dehumanization because in the book Granade Hediki was about to be used as bait for the Japanese soldiers so the Americans would attack and the Japanese could use them as shields. In the book Night Elie was being forced to work so he could live. This shows that both of these books involve dehumanization.

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The Emperor of Japan during WWII: Emperor Shōwa or Hirohito

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During the first half of the book, they mentioned the importance of safeguarding the Emperor's painting from the Americans. Here is a picture of Emperor Shōwa, also known as Hirohito, who reigned as the Emperor of Japan during World War II. In 1926, Hirohito ascended to the throne as emperor after his father, who was the previous emperor. In accordance with both Japanese Shinto and Buddhist traditions, the emperor was considered a divine symbol and held great reverence among the people. It is widely accepted that divine forces selected and safeguarded the Japanese people and nation. The emperor's divine standing was a fundamental component of the "imperial way" ideology, also referred to as Kodo, which is analogous to the notion of manifest destiny in the United States. Kodo's support for imperialist expansion and subordination of individual citizens to the state is pertinent to its connection with Grenade. During World War II, the Japanese people went to great lengths to safeguard photos of the emperor from American forces, as they viewed the emperor as a divine entity whose spirit needed protection.

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A lot of Alan Gratz's recent books have been about wars and or historical fiction. He has made a lot of different types of books over his time though. He has a very similar style by switching point of view in the book. He will have more than two in some books but in his older book he doesn't use that type of style and only in his historical fiction books he uses more than one point of view

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This video shows how the Japanese surrendered, ending World War ll. This video also explains the procedures for how they surrendered to the Americans. This video is a primary source as it happened at the moment.

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The Day Japan Surrendered, Ending WWII | NBC News

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This artwork shows a kamikaze plane flying into an aircraft carrier. This relates to the book because, in the beginning, they talked about the kamikaze plains trying to take down the American ships around the island. This also relates to the history of WWII because the Japanese used kamikaze planes to attack enemy ships.