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Vocabulary is the most important aspect to literacy because it is the meaning of what you are reading and what the words are trying to convey. Without understanding vocabulary, we would not understand anything in our language. We listen, speak, read, and write vocabulary; it is the foundation of language.

Science vocabulary can be difficult to understand if it is not taught properly. Sometimes, it may be helpful to explore before explaining; this allows students to have a hands-on experience to apply the vocabulary to. Without having the foundation vocabulary in science, it would be difficult to navigate the discipline.

Equity and Justice: As educators, we need to understand that some concepts may be difficult for students to grasp, especially those with language barriers or disabilities. Allowing the students to participate in activities will help their understanding of the discipline and make them feel more comfortable with the vocabulary.

Links:
How to Teach Science Vocabulary Using Best Practices (sadlerscience.com)
Why you should stop pre-teaching science vocabulary and focus on students developing conceptual meaning first : StemTeachingTools (en-US)

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Early Literacy: Learn How Books Work | Print Awareness | Learn To Read  

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The concept of print awareness is understanding that words are organized in a particular way for a reason. Just as text is read from left to right, it is important to know why print is set up the way it is. When teaching young students, it is knowing the letters are organized into words and words are spaced and organized into sentences. There are plenty of ideas to help introduce print awareness in the classroom shown in this website:  https://www.readingrockets.org/article/print-awareness-guidelines-instruction .

The idea of print awareness can be applied to the scientific discipline in a variety of ways. One important one that comes to mind, is understanding how to read simple lab manuals or lap reports. This is important in science because science is heavily based on experimentation. This can be done by reading to students and breaking down the paragraphs and sentences and words individually to help the students understand why the words are organized this way. It is also important for the students to understand the meaning behind the sentences in order to replicate experiments.

When thinking about print awareness in regard to equity and justice, it is important to know that certain words may have different meanings to students. When teaching, we need to make sure that there is no misunderstanding when reading a text. To ensure equity within a science classroom, reading is essential, and understanding the meaning behind the reading is essential. As a teacher, we can ensure equity and justice within our science classrooms by making sure that no student is left behind and confused.

Links:
Early Literacy: Learn How Books Work | Print Awareness | Learn To Read
https://www.readingrockets.org/article/print-awareness-guidelines-instruction

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Early Literacy: Learn How Books Work | Print Awareness | Learn To Read

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Writing has a different meaning for everyone and comes in different forms. There are many components to writing and it requires previous knowledge and experience to accomplish.
Writing in science may mean lab reports, experiments, graphs, tables, data, etc. It is important to understand basic skills before you can begin writing, especially in science. Vocabulary is a key component in writing within the disciplines and if vocabulary is not understood, writing cannot be done.

Applying writing in science is something that is not done as often as it should be. Most people see science as labs or experiments, but learning how to be literate within your discipline is important. As mentioned previously, writing comes in different forms, and learning how writing is done in science is an important concept to know. Whether it is having students write a lab report or write out the processes they did during an experiment, writing is important in the science field.

Writing can be difficult with varying students whether it is due to a language barrier, a physical disability, or poor penmanship. As an educator, we need to be patient with students' writing skills and understand that not everyone will write the same or have perfect writing. Being patient and understanding is an important characteristic to have to ensure equity and justice in your classroom.

Link:
https://www.learner.org/series/reading-writing-in-the-disciplines/writing-in-science/

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Reading comprehension is when we change our mindset from "learning to read" to "reading to learn". Comprehension is understanding the meaning behind what is being read and learning to question the reading. This is important because it helps students to connect concepts to prior knowledge, analyze the text, and use higher-order thinking skills to understand the meaning.

Applying comprehension to the science discipline is extremely important because if students are not understanding the text being read, it can lead to accidents in the lab. Also, learning to question the scientific text leads to new discoveries in the field. Therefore, ensuring that students are comprehending the readings assigned or the laboratory instructions, is key to molding a great scientist.

Comprehension comes in all shapes and forms, and not every student comprehends text the same way. It is important to be aware of equity and justice when discussing comprehension. There are ESE students who may need extra time to understand what the text is trying to say. Also, ELs may struggle with vocabulary words which will make it difficult to comprehend what the message is in the text. As an educator, we need to be aware of all the types of students in our classroom and be patient when it comes to comprehension.

Link:
Why Coherence Matters for Multilingual Learners in Science Instruction | NSTA

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Phonics is a simple concept when it comes to education but for students learning to read, it could be a helpful tool. Phonics is the idea of sounding out words as you are reading them and decoding the sound of the word to relate it to the meaning of the written word. This, in turn, leads to understanding fluency in reading. "New brain scans show that phonics training enhances reading ability." (Wyman, 2020)

Applying phonics to the science discipline is important because science is a different language than plain English. In order for students to understand the language of Science, they need to understand how to read and break down words first. That is why teaching phonics is so important, especially in the discipline of science.

Link:
https://www.howtolearn.com/2020/03/phonics-and-the-science-of-reading-how-your-brain-needs-to-understand-phonics-to-read-effectively/#:~:text=Phonics%20and%20th

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Reading fluency is something that is not often taught at a young age, at least not that I remember. Reading fluency is the ability to read quickly and accurately. As shown in the image above, there are many components that go into becoming a fluent reader. This comes with practice and reading aloud often. Fluent readers think about the why rather than the what in texts.

This can be applied to the science discipline by encouraging class reading time. This can be done by selecting a relevant science text and reading aloud with the class, each student reads either a sentence or a paragraph to get each student more comfortable with reading the text. While doing this, it is also important to stop and analyze the text while incorporating inquiry into the lesson.

Fluency is probably the most important concept, in my opinion, when it comes to equity and justice. This is because not everyone is a strong reader, and some students may be discouraged from reading aloud because they may need to sound out words or do not understand what certain words mean. Ensuring that all students feel safe and that they will not be penalized or looked down upon for struggling to read is important. If there are students who do not feel comfortable, it may be a good idea to do small reading groups instead of class reading groups, or pairing a strong reader with a not so strong reader/EL.

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As we start our educational career, we begin with learning the schematics of oral language. This can be seen in many different ways, from listening to our teachers or conversing with peers. "Oral language skills include learning how spoken words sound, what words and sentences mean, and how to communicate ideas". This becomes the framework, or "bedrock" for our disciplinary literacy.

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"Scientists communicate findings, share results, critique conclusions, and collectively reproduce data and evidence to support thinking. Scientists communicate the results of their research through writing and speaking. Other scientists gather information by listening and reading. Thus, language and science are intrinsically connected, as science is influenced and influences the society and culture where it takes place." (Barrett-Zahn, 2021).

It is important in a science classroom to create a space where students feel confident and comfortable communicating in science with their peers and share ideas.
- Lab groups
- Presenting data
- Reading scientific journals/reports

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"Every science lesson provides an opportunity for language development for first- and second-language learners."
Science plays a large role in oral language with EL's because learning how to "talk science" is a whole new language as is, now add in learning how to speak English, it can be difficult for our EL's. Encouraging students to discuss with partners and do "think, pair, share" will help EL's become more confident speaking with a peer rather than to the entire class. Also, this gives every student an opportunity to discuss and use the classes vocabulary, while listening to their other classmates.

Link:
https://www.brainreach.ca/uploads/1/1/2/0/112061741/how_to_promote_oral_language_development_through_science_9.pdf

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The definition of phonological awareness is quite simple, it is understanding and working with how words sound. This ties back into oral language, the importance of understanding phonology is listening and speaking with others. It has been seen that repeated phonological awareness instruction leads to a higher literacy skill.
Applying phonological awareness in the discipline of science is important, especially since some words in science are difficult to understand and repeat. Starting with phonological awareness, can help lay the foundation for students who are learning to read in the field of science. Being able to break down words and sentences to understand the meaning behind it, can help these students be more disciplinary literate later.
Links:
The Science of Reading Explained: Phonological Awareness | Edmentum Blog
https://www.howtolearn.com/2020/03/phonics-and-the-science-of-reading-how-your-brain-needs-to-understand-phonics-to-read-effectively/#:~:text=Phonics%20and%20th

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Phonological Awareness with Equity and Justice

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Phonological Awareness with Equity and Justice

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This image above is very powerful, especially when thinking about our students who are EL's or have a 504/IEP. It is not one size fits all in the education system, some students need more help than others and some just need an educator to push them and care. When it comes to phonological awareness, as educators, we need to ensure equity and that all students, regardless of race, religion, sexual orientation, nationality, background, etc. gets the support that they need. It is important to see all kids as having different assets rather than deficits.

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As an English Language Learner, some words in the English language may be difficult to understand. Phonics could be a helpful tool to help EL's learn to read in English. As stated in the website listed above, using pictures could be a helpful tool in teaching EL's to read. This is especially important in science because there are difficult words that may not be understood without a picture to associate it with. Non-English speakers may have a more difficult time understanding the meaning or pronunciation of words, and this is something as an educator we need to be aware of. Also, when teaching students apart of ESE, with disabilities, science wording may be difficult to understand, so knowing how to pace lessons is essential for all learners in a science classroom.

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You searched for phonics - A World of Language Learners

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Teaching ideas for those teaching English Language Learners