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Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure (whether the results can be reproduced under the same conditions). Validity refers to the accuracy of a measure (whether the results really do represent what they are supposed to measure).

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What’s the difference between reliability and validity?

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Reliability and validity are both about how well a method measures something: Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure (whether the results can

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From the survey, more than 90 percent of people think environmental sustainability is important. However, we should not just say it and not do it. Although the government has tried their best at encouraging environmental sustainability, we, citizens should also play a part in helping to sustain our Earth's resources and learn to maintain our carbon footprint, educate the public and participate in activities that support environmental sustainability to ensure that future generations can still enjoy the resources that we have.

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We can prove from this investigation that all estates in Singapore have ample facilities that support environmental sustainability from our survey that we conducted and research online . Although some housing estates in Singapore may be older and less refurbished than newer housing estates, the government can be seen trying their best to also implicate facilities that support environmental sustainability inside these estates to encourage people to thrive towards a sustainable future.

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Singapore's Government has been consistent in improving environmental facilities in Singapore's housing developments by adding new structures like solar panels and coming out with new ways to be more sustainable . The estates are always upgrading , even the older ones . Therefore with this in mind there is no possibility the any estate would be neglected in this process.

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Come learn more about the many green initiatives found in Punggol, Singapore's very first eco-town.

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The Green Towns programme also focuses on recycling rainwater and cooling HDB towns.

Rainwater is stored in an underground tank and treated before being recycled to wash common areas and irrigation.

"In this way, the use of potable water (drinking water) for washing of common areas and irrigation can be reduced by more than 50 per cent," said HDB.

As for cooling HDB towns, then-National Development Minister Lawrence Wong said in March that HDB was planning to conduct a pilot to apply cool coatings on building facades, roofs and pavements of several neighbourhoods, with the aim of reducing ambient temperature by up to 2 degrees Celsius.

In addition, HDB has been introducing greenery to the top decks of more multi-storey car parks, by repurposing them for urban farming, skyrise greenery or community gardening where feasible.

"Besides offering visual and spatial relief for residents in our high-rise living environment, the greenery also helps to cool and enhance the liveability of our estates," said HDB.
MORE OPPORTUNITIES FROM TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN
These efforts by HDB, along with the Green Mark initiative by the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) to rate green buildings, have been "substantial" in addressing climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts, said Professor Subodh Mhaisalkar, executive director of the Energy Research Institute @ NTU.

"Singapore is a dense high-rise metropolis with a high standard of living. Despite being in the tropics, it has established one of the highest sustainable housing standards in the world.

"This is buoyed by our HDB estates which have long relied on design principles that maximise natural ventilation, reduce heat gain, promoted shared facilities and communal spaces, and construction principles that leverage new technologies," he said.

These initiatives, along with the Green Mark,have allowed Singapore to become a leader in sustainable building technologies, addressed its sustainability goals and provided new opportunities to export technologies developed here, added Prof Subodh.

The green efforts by HDB will help "counter the heat island effect where heat is trapped within our dense urban environments", he said.

"Leveraging natural ventilation and natural means of providing a cooler environment will naturally reduce our dependence on air-conditioning and reduce our carbon footprint."

But Singapore can continue to develop new technologies and designs, he said, such as combining green rooftops with solar panels, incorporating solar cells into windows and building integrated solar cells.

As electric cars become more affordable and HDB builds more charging stations in car parks, these charging stations could be powered by solar cells and energy storage, to "significantly reduce our carbon footprint from transportations", he added.

In constructing buildings, HDB could use new technologies in pre-fabrication construction to reduce the amount of carbon produced while manufacturing concrete used in construction, he suggested. The Housing Board could also consider using recycled materials like incineration ash or recycled construction materials for the buildings.

Singapore should also explore ways of supporting the "circular economy" by reducing food waste, segregating waste streams for recycling and promoting sustainability practices, added Prof Subodh.

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After the success of Singapore's first eco-town Punggol, what next for HDB green living?

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SINGAPORE: When it's still dark in the early morning, you wake up and switch on the lights powered by solar energy.

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Published

February 25, 2022 at 3:58 PM

SINGAPORE - A total of 1,290 Housing Board (HDB) blocks managed by Bishan-Toa Payoh, Tanjong Pagar and Jurong-Clementi town councils will be installed with solar panels by the third quarter of 2025 in Singapore's latest push to generate more clean energy.

This brings the total number of HDB blocks that will be fitted with solar panels to 8,400, said HDB on Friday (Feb 25). There are more than 10,000 HDB blocks across Singapore.

Another 99 government sites, including primary and secondary schools, Singapore Polytechnic and the upcoming Khatib Polyclinic, will also get solar panels installed under the latest tender launched on Friday.

It comes under the Government's SolarNova programme, which compiles solar demand from various agencies to enjoy economies of scale, and is jointly led by HDB and the Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB).

Under the programme, harnessed solar energy is first used to power common services such as lifts, lights and water pumps in HDB estates during the day. Excess energy will be channelled to the electrical grid.

On average, HDB blocks can achieve net-zero energy consumption in common areas, which means the energy used by the building is roughly equal to the amount of energy it produces.

With Friday's tender, the seventh launched, HDB said it has committed to a total solar capacity of 380 megawatt-peak (MWp) for the 8,400 HDB blocks, which is equivalent to powering 95,000 four-room HDB flats with solar energy.

HDB said it is on track to meet the target set in 2019 to install a total solar capacity of 540 MWp by 2030, which could potentially generate 648 gigawatt-hour (GWh) of green energy to power the equivalent of 135,000 four-room HDB flats.

It contributes towards the national solar targets of 1.5 gigawatt-peak (GWp) by 2025, and 2 GWp by 2030 as set out under the Singapore Green Plan.

As part of the tender, vendors are required to install smart electrical sub-meters in HDB blocks to track energy consumption patterns and the performance of common services such as lifts, lights and water pumps in each block.

With this data, the respective town councils will be able to compare energy usage across the various HDB blocks and track the demand and supply for individual blocks in the estate.

The data collected will also help town councils optimise maintenance cycles of the common services, as well as detect anomalies such as equipment faults.

The tender will close on May 20 and is expected to be awarded in the fourth quarter of this year. Installation of the solar panels is expected to be completed by the third quarter of 2025.

To date, 2,700 out of the 8,400 HDB blocks have been installed with solar panels. Installation at the remaining blocks will be progressively done in batches over the next two to three years.

HDB chief executive Tan Meng Dui said: "Our journey in building up our solar capabilities started 14 years ago on a small scale. Today, there are over 10,000 HDB blocks in Singapore and we strive to install solar panels on as many HDB blocks as possible.

"We will continue to leverage new technologies and smart solutions to support the national goal of achieving a green and sustainable Singapore."

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Solar panels to be installed on 1,290 HDB blocks by 2025, bringing total to 8,400 blocks

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Another 99 government sites will also get solar panels installed under the latest tender. Read more at straitstimes.com.

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After analysing the responses from the survey , every estate in Singapore has numerous facilities that support environmental sustainability . However some estates may have a wider variety of facilities because it is newer and more upgraded compared to older estates such as Queenstown and this may be a disadvantage for the residents. However, estates are continuously upgrading to cater to peoples needs and wants . Moreover people are very aware about the benefits of having more environmentally sustainable facilities such as convenience , improving lifestyle and saving the environment. Thus many are supportive of building more of this such facilities .

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Why we chose this question on sustainability ?

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Why we chose this question on sustainability ?

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we chose to investigate on environmental sustainability in housing estates around Singapore because  it is important to preserve resources like clean air, water and wildlife for future generations to come . Singapore is also a really small country therefor it is easier to manage our actions on saving the earth and doing things to help to lessen the effects of climate change and worsening it .

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What does  environmental sustainability mean ?

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What does  environmental sustainability mean ?

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Sustainable living is a key feature across Singapore's public housing sector, by focusing on new technologies that help reduce energy consumption, recycle rainwater, and cool HDB developed towns.

In this project, we will be investigating and finding out how the housing development in Punggol and Queenstown ,(which is a new estate and an older estate ) ,differ in terms of how many Facilities they have which supports environmental sustainability .

Environmental sustainability
- ample protection of nature
- have facilities that support waste minimisation and recycling
- Energy and water efficient design approaches for buildings and landscape

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Primary data - online surveys , pictures of examples
Secondary data - news articles and government websites

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Does housing estates in Singapore have enough facilities to support environmental sustainability ?

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Housing estates in Singapore have ample amounts of facilities to support environmental sustainability