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Leader of Warsaw Uprising, Mordechai Anielewicz 

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Leader of Warsaw Uprising, Mordechai Anielewicz 

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"The most important thing is that my life's dream has become a reality. I lived to see Jewish defense in the ghetto in all its strength and glory."

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Informational Sites on Birenbaum and Anielewicz 

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Informational Sites on Birenbaum and Anielewicz 

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"Surviving the Holocaust: Halina Birenbaum's Story" on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum website.

"The Uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto" on the Jewish Virtual Library website.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQ5a5R5LmX8

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Halina Birenbaum was born in Warsaw in 1929 and was living in the Warsaw Ghetto with her family when the Germans invaded Poland in 1939. During the uprising, Birenbaum was 14 years old and was forced to hide in a bunker with her mother, younger brother, and several other people. Birenbaum described the conditions in the bunker as "unbearable," with little food or water and no ventilation. She wrote about the fear and uncertainty she felt as she listened to the sounds of gunfire and explosions outside.

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Polish people were able to draw a sense of pride and strength from the resistance and bravery of the fighters who took part in it. The Uprising is seen as a key moment in the history of Polish resistance against Nazi tyranny, and it remains an important symbol of Polish national identity and pride.

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During the Uprising, Anielewicz was the commander of the ZOB's main stronghold, which was located in a bunker on Mila Street. From there, he coordinated the ZOB's military operations and led the fight against the German forces.

Anielewicz's leadership was crucial to the success of the Uprising. He was a skilled strategist and tactician, and was able to organize and motivate his fighters in the face of overwhelming odds. Under his command, the ZOB held out against the German forces for nearly a month, inflicting significant casualties on the enemy.

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The fighting was intense and brutal, with both sides suffering heavy losses. The German forces responded to the Uprising with extreme brutality, using tanks, artillery, and air power to destroy large sections of the city and kill thousands of civilians. The Polish resistance fighters, for their part, used guerrilla tactics and improvised weapons to hold off the German forces, but were ultimately unable to withstand the overwhelming firepower of the German army.

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During the Uprising, the Polish resistance forces, consisting of about 40,000 fighters, including men and women, teenagers and children, faced off against a much larger and better-equipped German army, consisting of about 20,000 troops. Despite being outnumbered and outgunned, the Polish fighters managed to seize control of much of the city and hold off the German forces for several weeks.

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In April 1943, the Germans began the deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to the Treblinka extermination camp. The ZOB launched an uprising against the Germans on April 19, 1943, which was initially successful in repelling German forces. However, the Germans eventually overwhelmed the resistance fighters and burned the ghetto to the ground.

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When the Germans established the Warsaw Ghetto in November 1940, Anielewicz and his comrades formed a Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa or ZOB) to resist the Nazi occupiers. Anielewicz became the ZOB commander in January 1943, following the arrest of the previous leader.

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Mordechai Anielewicz was a Jewish resistance fighter and leader in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, which took place from April 19 to May 16, 1943. Anielewicz was born in 1919 in Wyszków, Poland, and was a member of the Zionist youth movement Hashomer Hatzair.