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Genially, das Tool für interaktive Designs

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Genially ermöglicht das Designen ganz ohne programmieren, online und in der Cloud. Mit interaktiven und animierten Elementen für maximale Kreativität.

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Chat-GPT, Bing, Gemini, Lama, NotbookLM etc.

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Chat-GPT, Bing, Gemini, Lama, NotbookLM etc.

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The 5 best open-source AI models in 2025

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The 5 best open-source AI models in 2025

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Open-source large language models (LLMs) are driving the democratization of artificial intelligence and have established themselves as an essential part of technological development. They enable researchers, developers, and enthusiasts to drive innovation by accessing AI in an open and transparent way.

In 2025, there are a number of impressive open-source LLMs. This article presents the five best models that not only stand out technically but are also making waves in the AI community. The list is led by DeepSeek, the Chinese model that has caused a stir all over the world.

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1. DeepSeek R1: China's open-source AI as a game changer

DeepSeek R1, the flagship model from Chinese startup DeepSeek, established itself as the most notable open-source LLM in 2025. With its combination of efficiency, performance and cost-effective operation, it stands out from the competition.

What makes DeepSeek R1 special?

efficiency: DeepSeek R1 was trained on a smaller database and with stripped-down Nvidia H800 chips, reducing training costs to just 5.6 million dollars - a fraction of the cost of models like ChatGPT.

efficiency: Despite its efficient architecture, R1 delivers results that compete with leading proprietary models such as GPT-4 and Llama 3. It easily handles complex tasks such as math, programming, and multi-step instructions.

Open source: R1 is freely accessible and promotes development in the global AI community.

Ease of use: DeepSeek R1 overtook ChatGPT as the most popular app in the Apple App Store - an indication of its popularity and ease of use.

Weaknesses:

DeepSeek R1 shows weaknesses in politically sensitive issues, particularly when they concern China. Yet it remains a milestone in AI development.

2. Llama 3: Meta's powerful open-source GPT

Llama 3, developed by Meta, continues the success story of the Llama series and is considered one of the most versatile open source models of the year.

Key features:

Future prospects:

Meta is already planning larger, multimodal versions with over 400 billion parameters, which should further push the limits of open-source AI.

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3. BLOOM: Multilingual open-source AI from Hugging Face

The BLOOM project, initiated by Hugging Face, remains a milestone in AI development. BLOOM was developed in collaboration with over 1,000 researchers from 70 countries and focuses on maximum openness.

Highlights:

Responsible AI:

BLOOM focuses on ethical AI development and is licensed to restrict malicious applications.

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4. Falcon 2: Multimodal excellence from Abu Dhabi

that Falcon 2 model, developed by the Technology Innovation Institute (TII) in Abu Dhabi, is setting new standards in the open-source AI world.

Strengths:

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5. Vicuna-13B: Open Source Champion for Dialogues

Vicuna-13B, developed by LMSYS ORG, was specifically optimized for dialog-based applications and is considered one of the best open-source models in this area.

Special features:

Why are open source models so important?

Open-source AI models promote innovation, transparency, and accessibility. They enable researchers and developers to:

Analyze and improve technology

Adapt models to specific use cases.

To share and drive innovation.

In 2025, it becomes apparent that open-source LLMs play a key role in democratizing AI and driving competition with proprietary systems.

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Conclusion: DeepSeek sets new standards

The world of open-source AI is diverse and dynamic, yet DeepSeek R1 Clearly stands out. With its efficiency, performance and accessibility, the model shows how artificial intelligence can be made accessible not only to a few but to many.

As Meta, Hugging Face, and others continue to develop impressive models, DeepSeek is sending a strong signal for the future of open-source AI.

Die KI Company helps you to tap into the potential of modern AI models - contact us today for a non-binding consultation!

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The 5 best open-source AI models 2025 - DeepSeek leads

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Which open-source AI models will dominate 2025? Find out why DeepSeek R1 tops the list and which other models are convincing.

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A career practitioner can leverage ChatGPT by OpenAI in several ways to enhance their work with clients. Here's a description of how a career counselor could incorporate ChatGPT into their sessions

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Best Open Source Generative AI Models in 2025

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We’ve compiled a list of some of the best open source generative AI models you can use to build tech-forward GenAI applications in 2025.

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Possible Situations for the use of digial tools 

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Possible Situations for the use of digial tools 

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Understanding the situation of/by the client (e.g. self-assessment, visualization)

Developing / discussing goals or alternatives (visualization)

Information search, train client to search information (e.g., screen sharing, use of databanks and LMI platforms)

Information collection, knowledge management with/for clients (e.g. wikis, padlets, bookmarks)

Decision making, preparation of decisions, collecting alternatives for solutions (e.g. visualization)

Preparation of application, preparation of CV (e.g. digital application forms, EUROPAS)

etc.

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5 ways to use Open AI without an account

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5 ways to use Open AI without an account

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While ChatGPT is undoubtedly a powerful tool, privacy concerns surround the platform. Understandably, this dissuasive argument may lead you to avoid ChatGPT. But there are alternative ways to use the tool. Here, we look at some ways you can use ChatGPT without an OpenAI account.

1. Bing Chat

Bing Chat is probably the easiest way for most people to use ChatGPT without an OpenAI account. The Microsoft chatbot is based on the GPT-4 version of the platform. Additionally, it can also incorporate "live results" from current data sources into its results.

To use Bing Chat, you need a Microsoft account and access to Microsoft Edge. You may already have a Microsoft account if you are a Windows User. The exception is if it is a local account; a local account differs substantially from a Microsoft account.

Once you have your account details, accessing the chatbot is simple-use Microsoft Edge to navigate to the new Bing, and the magic of ChatGPT will be at your fingertips.

2. Bing Mobile App

For mobile users, Microsoft has it covered with its AI copilot app. This is a free download for Android and iOS, and again, GPT-4 is at the heart of the app. The app has most of the features of the browser version, and it also brings a new dimension to search capabilities for mobile users. If you are looking for mobile access without an OpenAI account, this is a terrific way to circumvent the privacy concerns surrounding ChatGPT.

3. Merlin

Merlin is a browser extension that'savailable for Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge. Once installed, it integrates into the browser and acts as a virtual assistant. Among the functions it can perform are:

Assisting with emails: Merlin can help you respond to emails or compose promotional emails.

Adding AI replies to Google searches: Merlin appears as an "alternative" answer to Google queries.

Summarize blog posts or YouTube videos: Merlin can be used to bullet point blog posts and videos. It can also transcribe entire YouTube videos, although there are already plenty of YouTube extensions that perform transcribing and other tasks admirably.

Installing this is simple, although you will need to sign up for a Merlin account. This is slightly more restrictive than standalone chatbots, but it is a good premise and works well.

Download: Merlin for Google Chrome/Microsoft Edge (Free, in-app purchases available).

4. ChatGPT Writer

This is very similar to the Merlin Chat extension. It works by embedding itself within your chosen browser (Chrome or Edge) and from here it can be called up to perform a variety of tasks.

Before we could use the extension, it prompted us to visit the OpenAI website for Cloudflare authentication. Once we did this (without creating an account), we could use the tool with no problems.

We tested it using Gmail, writing a fictional email requesting more details in support of a job application and asking ChatGPT Writer to respond. The results were impressive, and the tool was easily accessible from the Gmail reply toolbar.

Overall, this was a smooth experience that just edged Merlin in terms of ease of use.

Download: ChatGPT Writer for Google Chrome/Microsoft Edge (Free)

5. Forefront.AI

Forefront.ai is a multi-use generative AI tool that allows you to use ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Claude Instant 1.2, and Claude 2 from the same web app. You'll have to subscribe to use ChatGPT-4, Claude Instant 1.2, and Claude 2 (all with limited messaging rates), but you can sign-up and use ChatGPT-3.5 for free.

Forefront.AI's ChatGPT-3.5 output matches (or is extremely similar to) what you'll find on OpenAI's ChatGPT, so you can be assured you're getting the same responses.

Using ChatGPT Without an OpenAI Account

There aren't that many ways to use ChatGPT without an account. However, in the five methods we found, there should be one to suit most purposes. While the Bing chatbot was the closest to the "genuine ChatGPT experience," the browser extensions were impressive too.

The massive surge in popularity that the platform is experiencing has exposed privacy and security concerns that are justified, at least currently. As the technology develops, privacy and security concerns are likely to be tightened to be more in step with legislation and expectations.

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5 Ways to Use ChatGPT Without an OpenAI Account

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If privacy is a concern to you, are you aware that you can use ChatGPT without having an OpenAI account?

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13 Best Open Source ChatGPT Alternatives

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13 Best Open Source ChatGPT Alternatives

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Looking for open-source ChatGPT alternatives? We curated some of the best ones for you to take a look at.

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13 Best Open Source ChatGPT Alternatives

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Looking for open-source ChatGPT alternatives? We curated some of the best ones for you to take a look at.

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ChatGPT is your AI chatbot for everyday use. Chat with the most advanced AI to explore ideas, solve problems, and learn faster.

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video-communication tools (e.g. whereby, teams)

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video-communication tools (e.g. whereby, teams)

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Online-Communication is going to be a central instrument for professional life. Most organizations engage one of the tools for their members and more and more also for communicating with customers. 

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Online-Communication is going to be a central instrument for professional life. Most organizations engage one of the tools for their members and more and more also for communicating with customers. 

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20 Best Remote Communication Tools for Culture & Collaboration in 2024

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5-star communication is crucial for successful hybrid & remote teams. Check out these 20 remote communication tools to improve productivity and engagement.

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Innovative ways to use video conferencing

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Innovative ways to use video conferencing

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What are the most innovative ways to use video

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What are the most innovative ways to use video conferencing in remote work?

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Learn how to use interactive features, gamification, different formats, social activities, external tools, and feedback to make your video meetings more engaging, productive, and fun.

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www.g2.com needs to review the security of your connection before proceeding.

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All tools are just examples, you can find plenty of similar tools. Check the data security aspect and be always aware of what you share in the net.

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What is Padlet and How Does It Work? Tips & Tricks

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Padlet digitizes the notice board for a rich media space that makes education communications better

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All tools are just examples, you can find plenty of similar tools. Check the data security aspect and be always aware of what you share in the net.

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Messenger APPS allow one to one or one to many asynchron communication. Many use in private context, but in professional context it is more difficult, mostly because of data protection. Anyhow also for official communication messenger services can be integrated, e.g. in the business apps as one feature to reach your client and vice versa. 

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Messenger APPS allow one to one or one to many asynchron communication. Many use in private context, but in professional context it is more difficult, mostly because of data protection. Anyhow also for official communication messenger services can be integrated, e.g. in the business apps as one feature to reach your client and vice versa. 

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Messaging apps make it easy to communicate and connect with people around the world. However, with new ways to communicate and connect via technology, there are also new ways for your privacy and security to be breached. Private messages could potentially be read by third parties, the organizations behind the apps, and governments who collect private information on their citizens. It's useful to remember that popular apps like Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, or Facebook Messenger do not use end-to-end encryption, so your conversations and files may not be fully secured. On the other hand, there are many chat apps that offer messaging services that have upped their game on the security and privacy fronts by using end-to-end encryption. This measure prohibits anyone from seeing the contents of the message except for you and the intended recipient. The best secure chat programs are not only becoming more sought-after, they are becoming crucial in today's technologically-connected world.

Features To Consider When Selecting a Service

What is Secure Messaging?

Secure messaging can involve a lot of elements, so we have chosen the most important factors to qualify an application to be a secure messaging app. End-to-end encryption, multi-mode messaging, and synchronization among different platforms/devices are the three main keys to look for when deciding on the best messaging program to use.

End-to-end encryption is a way of creating secure messaging apps by encrypting information so that only the players engaged in communication can read the messages, excluding Internet service providers, the app maker, the government or anyone else. From the moment a message is typed, to the time it spends in transit, to the second it's received, no one else can see that message. Currently, this method is the safest, most private method of messaging. If an app is not end-to-end encrypted, deem it non-private. The message only decrypts using a locally stored key or secret code when it passes from the sender to the receiver, ensuring direct secure messaging. Encryption does not allow copies of messages to be stored anywhere, including on servers.

Multi-mode communication allows for users to send messages through texts, videos, and audios When a platform allows for messages to be send via multiple modes, it usually allows the user to delete whatever kind of message comes through.

Multi-platform support provides the opportunity to sync messages across mobile, web, and desktop platforms. If a user feels more secure storing private messages in one location and deleting them off of another, this can up one's data privacy.

The Best Apps for Secure Communication

There are a multitude of viable, available options out there when choosing a secure messaging program that emphasizes data privacy. We have created a list of the best, most reliable messaging apps that keep your information secure and confidential- to make our list, an app must have end-to-end encryption, synchronization over multiple platforms/devices (mobile, desktop, tablets), and multi-mode communication (voice, video, audio). Then, we have listed out additional features after those key ones that make an app secure.

Here is our take on the best secure messaging apps on the market today:

1. Signal Private Messenger
Signal: Speak freely
Millions of people use Signal for instant, free, and encrypted communication because it is known as one of the most secure messaging apps on the market. Signal secure messaging is one of the only apps that has its privacy-preserving technology always enabled; this default system ensures that there is never a risk of sharing moments or sending messages to a non-intended recipient. Signal is a cross-platform encrypted messaging service dedicated to end-to-end encrypted voice calling and encrypted texting. Encryption has always been the core of the company's product, and when it was acquired by Twitter, the aim was to improve its privacy-protecting platform even further. For more security, users have the ability to choose different disappearing message intervals for each conversation that they have saved in their chat history. Signal is an Open Source project supported by donations and grants, so there are no advertisements, no affiliate marketers, and no secret tracking. Signal doesn't have the keys to decrypt messages, so the company will never have access to content its users are exchanging.

Features

Open Source Protocol

Self-destructing messages after given time frame

Uses phone's data connection to void SMS and MSS fees

Encrypted stickers

Group chat

View-once media

Cost: FREE w/ no ads

Number of Users: Signal doesn't publish statistics about how many users they have, but Android's Google Play store reports that Signal has been downloaded between 1 and 5 million times, and the iPhone App Store does not publish this data.

2. Wire
Wire: The most secure collaboration platform
Another secure chat app option is Wire. Wire is another one of the very few apps that sets end-to-end encryption as the default to protect your messages, images, and files. Wire's encryption works transparently in the background and does not need to be activated because it is always on. Additionally, a new encryption key is used for every message, reducing the impact of a single compromised key. It is 100% open source, so its source code is available for users to verify, inspect, and improve through GitHub. Wire does not sell analytics or usage data to third parties. This secure messaging program› is fully compliant with the strict data protection laws in Switzerland and the European Union, and it's the most publicly audited collaboration and communication software on the market.

Features

Conferencing

Timed/ephemeral conversations

100% open source

File sharing

Group Chats

Cost: Free version for personal use and paid one for organizations (large enterprises) w/ no ads
Number of Users: Wire reported that its daily active users are in the hundreds of thousands.

3. Threema
Threema: Seriously secure messaging
Threema is a private chat messaging app that prides itself on its guiding principle: the restraint on metadata. To ensure that no data is misused, Threema's servers permanently delete a message after it has been delivered to the recipient. Information usually managed on a server is managed locally on the user's device, meaning that any type of conversation is protected against eavesdropping. By design, there is no fallback to decrypted connections, so nobody else except for the intended recipient can read a Threema message. Threema is open source, so users can independently verify the correctness of the encryption. Additionally, you don't have to provide an email or phone number to sign up, which helps offer you an extra layer of security.

Features

Create polls

Chat anonymously

Develop distribution lists

Hide confidential chats and use passwords to protect them

Verify contacts through QR code

Cost: :$2.99
Number of Users: 4.5 million

4. Telegram
Telegram: A new era of messaging
Telegram is a popular platform for heavily encrypted conversations. Voice calls and group chats involve end-to-end encryption (if both parties have Telegram). There is an option to self-destruct messages, files, photos, and videos in a certain amount of time after they have been sent and received. It even has self-destructing messages. For a more secure messaging experience, users can turn on secret chats from the app's advanced settings, which forces the app on the other side of the secret chat to delete messages if you choose to do so. These kinds of chats are device-specific, so you can only access them from their device of origin. If your device is secure, your secret chats will be, too.

Features

Private messages can self-destruct

Distributed servers are spread globally for security and speed

Open API and protocol

No limits on the size of media and chats

Ability to coordinate groups of up to 200,000 members

Messages can be destroyed with a timer

Send documents of any type

Cost: FREE w/ no ads
Number of Users: Over 200 million

5. Pryvate

Pryvate is a secure messaging app available for Android and iOS devices that enhances the protection of conversations via triple-encrypted chat, video, email, and browsing. Pryvate takes security seriously. It offers world-class RSA 4096-bit, SHA-256 encryption technology that does not rely upon servers, but instead provides a direct connection to co-workers, clients, and friends. Users can easily erase sensitive messages or call history from their device with Pryvate's auto-delete timer and even remotely wipe messages from their message recipient's device, too. Pryvate is dedicated to growing its catalog of utility-based features, with plans to offer TOR mobile web browsing, a secured cryptocurrency wallet, PryvateX - a cryptocurrency exchange integration, and an integrated distributed applications portal.

Features

Remote Wipe functionality

Auto Delete messages

Screenshot Spy functionality

Anti-blocking tech to ensure unrestricted global access

Access to a secure, private agnostic email (integrated with Microsoft Exchange)

Cost: FREE
Number of Users: Unknown

6. Wickr Me
Wickr: The most secure & private collaboration platform
Wickr is one of the only secure messaging apps that can truly be used anonymously. This application allows users to communicate with others either one-to-one or in groups with fully encrypted text messages, voice messages and memos. Wickr can be a collaboration tool instead of just a messaging app as there is the ability to share screens, locations, and online statuses. Wickr does not require an email address or phone number upon registration, ensuring that user data is not collected and therefore, the app does not have access to it. Encryption is turned on by default, and transparency reports are available to anyone who uses Wickr. This application uses Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) and supports Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). Wickr does not log IP Addresses or other metadata.

Features

Self-destructing messages

Open Source

Search across all files and messages

Transfer photos, videos, and files securely (free plan: 1gb file transfer)

Create Teams and Networks to mirror your company organization

Secure screen and location sharing and online status

Up to 30 days data retention

Integration with internal database, email system, CRM, or another essential app (directly integrates with SalesForce, Jira, Zendesk)

API allows for custom integrations with in-house apps

Cost:
Basic plan: Free
Silver: $4.99
Gold: $9.99
Platinum: $25

Number of Users: Unknown

7. Viber
Viber: Free and secure calls and messages to anyone, anywhere
Users can send voice and text messages, photos and videos to groups of any size using Viber. It also offers fully encrypted voice and video chats on mobile devices and major desktop operating systems as long as you select the correct sharing method. The company has stepped up its game when it comes to their end-to-end encryption as it used to be that only one-on-one communications were protected, but now group chats are also secured by E2E.
A unique feature of this app is that every chat is color-coded based on its current level of encryption:

Green means the chat is encrypted, and the contact you are connected to is .

Grey means that the chat is encrypted, but the contact hasn't been marked as trusted.

Red means there is a problem authenticating the contact.

Features

HD video calls

Chat Extensions allow to search GIFs, videos, restaurants, events, etc. through websites without ever leaving chat

Trusted Contacts verify identities of who you're chatting with by exchanging secret keys

Instant messaging

Stickers

Service Messages

Instant Voice message

Public and Group Chats w/ unlimited members

Delete Seen Messages

Cost: Free
Number of Users: Over one billion

8. Silence
Silence: SMS/MMS encryption made easy
Silence used to be called "SMS Secure", as it is a spin-off from Signal. The end-to-end encrypted app works like an SMS/MMS application, as you can use it even if you aren't connected to the internet on your phone. Silence is regularly audited by security experts in public view to make sure the code hasn't been unlocked by any third party or government agency that wants to get its hands on users' conversation history. Additionally, you don't have to sign up with login credentials, upping its privacy and security status. This secure messaging app is open source, so anyone can check the code for errors or vulnerabilities.

Features

Prevents communications being screen-shotted at the other end

No servers or internet connection required

Messages encrypted locally

Open Source

Cost: Free
Number of Users: Unknown

9. iMessage
iMessage: Message who you want, how you want
iMessage has always been on top of offering end-to-end encryption between users. Additionally, this secure messaging app allows users to control how long the message stays and how many times the recipient can view it. The main security issue that users complain about is the option to backup your iMessages to iCloud. Messages stored in the cloud are encrypted by keys controlled by Apple, so if your iCloud were ever hacked, those messages could be revealed. However, the solution is to avoid storing private messages on web-based platforms like iCloud for heightened security measures.

Features

Mute notifications or leave group chats

Block phone numbers and contacts

Backup iMessages through iCloud

Tailor iMessage Settings

Uses the Internet instead of phone network when communicating with other iOS or maOS users

Control "Read Receipts"

Customization of message profile/personality with GIFs, animations and Memojis

Cost: Free
Number of Users: 1.3 billion

10. Line
Line: Free messaging whenever, wherever
Line is a free, secure messaging app available for a variety of smartphone devices and PC. This secure platform was developed by a team of Japanese engineers as a way to communicate after the Tōhoku earthquake that destroyed the area in 2011. The telecommunications infrastructure was damaged throughout the country, so the only solution for communication was through Internet-connected means. Shortly after this messaging app was built, LINE added end-to-end encryption to boost privacy and called the feature "Letter Sealing". All users can use it, but it must be turned on manually.

Features

Letter Sealing

Over 10,000 Stickers of characters and celebrities

Follow official accounts of favorite artists, celebrities, brands, and TV shows for news and promotions

Share text, photos, and videos on Timeline

Add friends by the "Shake It!" function, when both people shake their devices close to one another to exchange contact information

Live Video

OpenChat- online space to meet new friends with similar interests based on app activity (only in Japan, Thailand, and Indonesia)

Cost: Free
Number of Users: Over 700 million

Most Secure App?

After analyzing and comparing these ten secure messaging apps, we believe that Signal is the best one to choose. It is 100% open source, and they are funded by donations and grants instead of corporate money that is dependent on user- data. Since it was created by a group called Open Whisper Systems, is was written by and has the support of some of the world's top experts on privacy and security. Their implementation has been reviewed by the most well-known security experts and cryptographers. The messaging protocol integrated into Signal is considered to be the most secure one out of anything on the market today, proven by the fact that other services use the app's messaging protocol for their most secure modes, including Wire, Skype's Private Conversations and Facebook Messenger's Secret Conversations.

What About Whatsapp?

As of January 7, 2021, Facebook updated its privacy policy, changing data-sharing practices for WhatsApp. The updated policy states that "WhatsApp receives information from, and shares information with, the other Facebook Companies. We may use the information we receive from them, and they may use the information we share with them, to help operate." Therefore, users must agree that Facebook can share their data with advertisers, as business conversations hosted with the social network might be readable and used by companies to target consumers. As a result, tech expert Elon Musk recommended users choose Signal, which is listed first in this post. If you are interested in building your own clone of WhatsApp after this news, follow this tutorial to get a chat messaging application up and running in 20 minutes, allowing you to define its security measures! Start a free chat trial now to build a WhatsApp clone.

Need HIPAA Compliance for Healthcare Communications?

Viable communication solutions between medical organizations and patients is a need that is taking off across the healthcare industry. In this field especially, messaging platforms must be secure and HIPAA compliant. After carefully researching this specific space, you can read our take on the top 10 secure healthcare messaging programs or review our list of the 34 best telemedicine apps.

Didn't Find a Good Fit? Build Your App In-House

We have mapped out the best apps above, but if that's not enough, you might want to build your own platform in-house. Check out Stream's Messaging API for more information about building your own secure communication solution in-house. Stream Chat was created to be the product on the market with the most amount of features, the highest scalability, and the quickest speed, so if you want to build your own secure messaging app and don't want to worry about your customers experiencing a seamless chat solution, you've come to the right place.

Conclusion

The lack of comprehensive privacy on older, big-name services has led to the development of the newer apps featured above with more features focused on security. Headlines about security breaches come out day after day in our digitally-connected world, so we are forced to become more cautious about the dangers of identity and data theft. In the online world, data privacy and security matters more than ever with the looming risks of being spied on or having your conversations shared without knowing about it. Therefore, choosing to use some of the most secure chat apps to communicate with friends, family, and coworkers protects you against any kind of malicious actor trying to steal your data.

While all the secure apps mentioned in this article have end-to-end encrypted messaging, the ability to sync messages among a multitude of devices and platforms, and multi-mode communication (voice, text, video), each clearly has its strengths and weaknesses. Choosing which one to use can only be done by calculating which additional features are most important to you.

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10 Most Secure Messaging Apps - Best Encrypted Chat App Solutions

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Messaging apps make it easy to communicate and connect with people around the world. However, with new ways to communicate and connect via technology, there are also new ways for your privacy and security to be breached. Private messages could potentially be read by third parties, the organizations behind the apps, and governments who collect private information on their citizens.

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When conducting an online career guidance session, you can use a virtual whiteboard tool to facilitate visual collaboration and enhance the client's engagement. 

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When conducting an online career guidance session, you can use a virtual whiteboard tool to facilitate visual collaboration and enhance the client's engagement. 

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Overview for different digital whitboard APPS

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Overview for different digital whitboard APPS

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Europass is a set of online tools to help with creating CVs, cover letters and also help users to find jobs and courses in the EU.

Clients will first have to create your Europass profile with information on your education, training, work experience and skills. After you complete your Europass profile, you can create as many CVs as you want with just a few clicks. Just select which information you want to include, pick your favourite design and Europass will do the rest.

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The Europass CV builder makes it easy to create your CV online. You can use it to apply for a job, education or training opportunities as well as volunteering.

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How AI can improve the talent acquisition process

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AI technologies have infiltrated our lives, promising upgraded experiences in everything from healthcare and finance to home management and shopping. But how does AI fare when applied to talent acquisition?

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Research  / Data-Bank / Portals for Skills and Labour Market

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Research  / Data-Bank / Portals for Skills and Labour Market

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Cedefop Skill forecast offers quantitative projections of future trends in employment by sector of economic activity and occupational group. Future trends on the level of education of the population and the labour force are also estimated. Cedefop Skills forecast use harmonised international data and a common methodological approach with the aim to offer cross-country comparisons about employment trends in sectors, occupations, and qualifications.

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​ Welcome Cedefop Skill forecast offers quantitative projections of future trends in employment by sector of economic activity and occupational group.

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The aim of the LMI toolkit is to highlight the importance and relevance of LMI and ICT lifelong guidance, to provide basic insights and examples and to provide an overview of useful resources.

The target group of this LMI toolkitare career practitioners involved in lifelong guidance activities across the European Union, and all others interested in this area of work.

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Labour market information (LMI) toolkit

The subject of this toolkit is the role of labour market information for lifelong guidance, and the integration of labour market information into lifelong guidance making use of ICT tools.

The aim of the LMI toolkit is to highlight the importance and relevance of LMI and ICT lifelong guidance, to provide basic insights and examples and to provide an overview of useful resources.

The target group of this LMI toolkitare career practitioners involved in lifelong guidance activities across the European Union, and all others interested in this area of work.

The final aim of the toolkit is to contribute to the improvement of the quality of lifelong guidance. We are looking forward to receive any comment or suggestions from toolkit readers

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european vocational education and training

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Labour market information (LMI) toolkit The subject of this toolkit is the role of labour market information for lifelong guidance, and the integration of labour market information into lifelong guidance making use of ICT tools.

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"We bring together our analytical and research work to provide better and more synthetic evidence on current and future skills and labour market trends"

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Occupation is a set of jobs with similar tasks and duties as well as qualification and skills requirements. Information provided on occupations within the Skills intelligence is structured on the basis of ISCO-08 classification. The information can be accessed through dashboards on a broad occupational level (such as Professionals), or on a more detailed occupational level (such as Health Professionals).

Occupation dashboards contain a description as well as key facts and indicators relevant to particular occupation. Dashboards also offer links to other indicators relevant to skills, jobs and the labour market, as well as links to qualitative information on the occupation (data insights or blog articles).

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european vocational education and training

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Occupation is a set of jobs with similar tasks

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Microsoft Copilot is your companion to inform, entertain, and inspire. Get advice, feedback, and straightforward answers. Try Copilot now.

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No installations, no downloads - you can get started in seconds!

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Updated 3 weeks ago by Rana Wilds

Padlet = Collaboration made simple!

With a pinch of ideas + a cup of creativity... (and maybe add in a sprinkle of genius)... you get the world at your fingertips to create a beautiful masterpiece! And it's easy!

So, how do you start this beautiful creation?

Create a padlet

1. From your dashboard, click on the pink + Make button in the upper-left corner of the screen.

2. Next, you have four options:

Click on Blank board at the top of the page.

After clicking Blank board your padlet will begin creation! A new padlet will populate with a panel on the right where you can change your Title and pick your Format (with or without Sections).

'Visitor permissions' - Select the dropdown menu to decide whether users can be a Reader, Writer [default], Commenter, Moderator, or have No access to your padlet.

'Link privacy' - We provide many options so you can make your content as public or as private as you want.
Choose from 4 standard options: Secret [default], Secret - Password, Secret - Log in, and Public. Learn more about those here.

Create a padlet from scratch (using a Blank board)

Create using AI Generation

Use a Template recipe from the Gallery

Use your own Template (if you've made any)

For the simplicity of this article, we're going to go with creating a padlet using a Blank board. To learn more about how to use a Gallery Template -> Go here.

If you're not sure which format to choose - don't stress! You can always change your format at any time without losing your content.

Customize your padlet

Click on the Share arrow in the top right corner of the padlet to choose your 'Visitor permissions' and 'Link privacy' settings.

Click on the Settings cog icon (⚙️) to bring up the Settings menu. Here you can change your wallpaper, update your profile icon, and customize how your posts are added and displayed on the padlet. Click here to see all of the many options you have to make your padlet unique to you.

The Settings menu is also where you can change the Format if you have changed your mind since creating the padlet.

Make a post

At this point, you have a blank padlet that you can create posts on. So start posting!

Learn the many different ways to add content to your Padlet here!

Send your work to the world (or just a few friends).

Within the Share menu there are numerous options for sharing your work with others. Pick between copying a link and sharing it out, presenting a Slideshow (no extra work required), using a QR code, and many more.

You can also choose to Add a collaborator. Simply search users by username or email address > click Invite > and assign individual permissions for each.

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Padlet is the easiest way to create and collaborate in the world. Learn how to get started with your first Padlet!

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Copilot APP or Bing APP - No account needed

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Copilot APP or Bing APP - No account needed

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For mobile users, Microsoft has it covered with its AI copilot app. This is a free download for Android and iOS, and again, GPT-4 is at the heart of the app. The app has most of the features of the browser version, and it also brings a new dimension to search capabilities for mobile users. If you are looking for mobile access without an OpenAI account, this is a terrific way to circumvent the privacy concerns surrounding ChatGPT.

Download: Bing for iOS | Android (Free)

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All tools are just examples, you can find plenty of similar tools. Check the data security aspect and be always aware of what you share in the net.

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Kahoot! | Learning games | Make learning awesome!

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Kahoot! is a game-based learning platform that brings engagement and fun to 1+ billion players every year at school, at work, and at home.

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TaskCards ist eine Onlineplattform mit der Lehrer:innen Infos/Aufgaben für Schüler:innen DSGVO konform bereitstellen können.

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EUROPAS - Test without Login - Digital skills are important for working, studying, accessing services and buying products, or keeping in touch with friends and family. Take this test to learn more about your digital skills, discover what your level is and take the next step to improve them.

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Author name: Stanislas Marion

Writing a good prompt is the key to getting a good result from GPT for Sheets. And the key to writing a good prompt is to be very specific about what you want. You basically should prompt exactly like you would brief people to do the job, by providing clear instructions and ample context.

As much as you can, you should provide the following information in your prompt:

Tell it what you want to get. This should be composed of at least a verb and a noun.

Examples:

Task: write a cold email

Task: write a blogpost

Task: write 5 taglines

Task: summarize in 3 paragraphs

Task: translate from English to Spanish

Task: create a tweet thread of 10 tweets

There are many more options for the output that you can think of: cover letter, job description, product description, speech, outline, poem, song, review, response, facebook primary test, testimonial, social proof, follow-up email, tiktok caption, paper abstract, google ad copy...

Note: you can replace Task by Question in some cases if it makes more sense

Tell it what should be the main topic of your text.

Examples:

Topic: sell a shampoo

Topic: an ice-cream shop

Topic: food in Ancient Rome

Don't hesitate to be highly specific.

The style you want your text to be in.

Typical examples:

Style: casual

Style: formal

Style: business

Style: creative

Style: academic

Other examples include informal, scholar, convincing, high-converting, legal, medical...

The tone of your text:

Examples:

Other examples would include assertive, sympathetic, romantic, etc. Many to choose from.

Who is this text for:

Examples:

Audience: 5-year old

Audience: teenager who likes rock music

Audience: my boss

Audience: topic expert

This will make it easier for GPT to find the right words and level of abstraction.

The length can be expressed in any unit.

GPT is not great with numbers so it's good to be overly precise about what you want here if you have a hard limit.

Examples:

Length: 4 paragraphs

Length: 250 words

Length: strictly under 30 characters including spaces

Examples:

Country: X

Product: door bell

Relate recipient job title to the user selling proposition

Sign as XYZ

Start with xxx

Include references to X, Y and Z

The task parameter is the only one that is not optional, as obviously without it GPT won't know what to do.

Your full prompt should thus look something like this:

Task: write 5 taglines Topic: a car shop Style: funny Tone: excited City: New York Length: strictly under 100 characters including spaces

The great thing is that Sheets and Docs being text editors, they make it extremely easy to write a good prompt, that you can then use with our add-on very straightforwardly:

How it looks like in GPT for Sheets

If you require an output format that is really specific, you should specify it:

Examples:

Format: HTML

Format: JSON

Format: markdown

Other examples include YAML, XML, JSON-LD...

While GPT can sometimes understand multi-lingual prompts, or generate a response in a different language from the prompt language, it is highly recommended to write your prompt in the language that you expect your response to be in.

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How to write a good prompt * Gptforwork.com

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Learn about how to write the perfect OpenAI GPT prompt.

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Test your digital skills and thrive in the digital world

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A new multi-lingual online tool to help people evaluate their digital skills and thrive in the digital world.

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Google NotebookLM | AI Research Tool & Thinking Partner

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Meet NotebookLM, the AI research tool and thinking partner that can analyze your sources, turn complexity into clarity and transform your content.

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Digital tools can be used flexibly in guidance/advise sessions. The setting can be different:

(a) Practitioner and client are in the same room. During a meeting or session, the advisor uses digital tools at appropriate points. A screen or a digital tablet is necessary for this.

(b) Practitioner and client are connected via a video communication tool. This requires the practitioner (or the client) to be able (and willing) to share the screen. Most video communication tools provide this.

(c) Practitioner and client agree that the client will work independently with digital tools before, after or between sessions. The results can be used in the session.

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If your organization/company or you choose a messenger APP, data protection should be a primar criteria. Your organization/company might restrict the use of some of the APPs. What makes messaging apps secure?

End-to-End Encryption (E2E)

Multi-Mode Communication (voice, text, video)

Synchronization Across Platforms/Devices (mobile, desktop, web)

Destructing Messages

Independence From Big Tech Companies

Open Source

End-to-end encryption is the key feature of secure messaging apps, but it alone is not enough to do all the work. Other important security features include standard encryption, open-source code and minimal data collection, if any.

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All tools are just examples, you can find plenty of similar tools. Check the data security aspect and be always aware of what you share in the net.

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Secure Collaboration Tool for Hybrid teams | Conceptboard

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Secure online collaboration tool and GDPR compliant online whiteboard with over 14M+ users around the world. Experience the power of visual collaboration!

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Alternative Tools for Knowledge Management

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Alternative Tools for Knowledge Management

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Best Padlet Alternatives 2023 | Capterra

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Looking for alternatives to Padlet? Find out how Padlet stacks up against its competitors with real user reviews, pricing information, and what features they offer.

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Remember that while ChatGPT can offer valuable information and suggestions, it should be used as a complement to professional advice and support. Career decisions involve various factors, and personalized guidance from career professionals can provide a more comprehensive and tailored approach.

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Link to the test: https://digital-skills-jobs.europa.eu/digitalskills/screen/home

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The digital skills self-assessment tool, named "Test your digital skills", is the new innovative tool that supports anybody to assess their level of digital skills and identify a learning plan to improve them, with a focus on the skills required to thrive in the world of work.

The tool was developed by the European Commission with one simple goal, to increase the number of Europeans with basic digital skills, and therefore supports the goals of the Digital Decade: making sure 80% of Europeans have at least basic digital skills by 2030. The test is available in 29 languages, both on the Europass portal and on the Digital Skills and Jobs Platform.

The assessment and the test questions are based on the European Digital Competence Framework (DigComp) and follow its core areas.

"Test your digital skills" tool aims to globally improve awareness and knowledge about digital skills, starting from providing a clear picture of the user's level, and it is useful for people from any background, for example:

Employees who want to upskill or reskill within their current jobs;

Jobseekers who wish to better their chances in the labour market;

Learners of any age who want to understand digital competences and improve them etc.

How the tool works
The tool offers an opportunity to chart your own learning path: from the initial assessment of digital skills to tailored support with suggestions for courses that best match your objectives. These are its main steps:

Users take a test of 15-20 minutes, to quickly assess their digital skills with targeted questions based on the DigComp framework, as well as their interests and work ambitions.

After completing the test, users receive a detailed report on their level of digital skills, which includes a specific assessment and score for each competence area, and help them identify the main areas to improve.

Finally, users will be able to access the Learning Roadmap, which outlines guidelines, areas of improvement and steps to take to consolidate or improve their skills, and finally achieve their learning goals.

The tool will be improved with additional features in the near future, such as targeted suggestions of training courses, based on the results of the test, and tailored to the user's profile.

All results are stored on your profile on the Digital Skills & Jobs Platform, so you can access them anytime, anywhere.

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The Digital Skills and Jobs Platform is the home of digital skills information from across Europe and the heart of the Digital Skills & Jobs Community.

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Bookmarks - Easy and accessible tool for Knowledge Management

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Bookmarks - Easy and accessible tool for Knowledge Management

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Better bookmarking tools for knowledge management & sharing

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Bookmarking tools are an internet utility for saving a URL that you can come back to later. They are useful for all sorts of reasons and scenarios. We use them individually and collaboratively and…

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Does and dont's for the use of tools ... 

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Does and dont's for the use of tools ... 

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1. Make use of digital tools, it helps to collaborate, understand and learn on different levels.

2. Don’t use to many different tools in one session – balance direct communication with use. of tools (less is more)

3. Use tools fit for purpose and client – reflect, what could be supportive for this client and if the use of a tool has an extra value for the client.

4. Plan the time: if you want to use digital tools, you need some time.

5. Introduce the tool to the client – if the client is not familiar to a tool, take some time to introduce functionality, purpose, and value.

6. If relevant: transfer results to the client. If you e.g. visualize situation, or recherche information or collect relevant links – transfer the results to the client, e.g. in a mail, in the chat or by sending / sharing screenshots showing the results of the common work.

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Asociación de Universidades Populares de Extremadura

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The What, Why, & How of Social Bookmarking

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Considering social bookmarking? Learn what it is, why it’s useful to you as a marketer, and how to use social bookmarking sites.

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Social bookmarking is an online service which allows users to add, annotate, edit, and share bookmarks of web documents. Many online bookmark management services have launched since 1996; Delicious, founded in 2003, popularized the terms "social bookmarking" and " tagging". Tagging is a significant feature of social bookmarking systems, allowing users to organize their bookmarks and develop shared vocabularies known as folksonomies.

Unlike file sharing, social bookmarking does not save the resources themselves, merely bookmarks that reference them, i.e. a link to the bookmarked page. Descriptions may be added to these bookmarks in the form of metadata, so users may understand the content of the resource without first needing to download it for themselves. Such descriptions may be free text comments, votes in favor of or against its quality, or tags that collectively or collaboratively become a folksonomy. Folksonomy is also called social tagging, "the process by which many users add metadata in the form of keywords to shared content".

In a social bookmarking system, users save links to web pages that they want to remember and/or share. These bookmarks are usually public, and can be saved privately, shared only with specified people or groups, shared only inside certain networks, or another combination of public and private domains. The allowed people can usually view these bookmarks chronologically, by category or tags, or via a search engine.

Most social bookmark services encourage users to organize their bookmarks with informal tags instead of the traditional browser-based system of folders, although some services feature categories/folders or a combination of folders and tags. They also enable viewing bookmarks associated with a chosen tag, and include information about the number of users who have bookmarked them. Some social bookmarking services also draw inferences from the relationship of tags to create clusters of tags or bookmarks.

Many social bookmarking services provide web feeds for their lists of bookmarks, including lists organized by tags. This allows subscribers to become aware of new bookmarks as they are saved, shared, and tagged by other users. It also helps to promote your sites by networking with other social book markers and collaborating with each other.

As these services have matured and grown more popular, they have added extra features such as ratings and comments on bookmarks, the ability to import and export bookmarks from browsers, emailing of bookmarks, web annotation, and groups or other social network features.

A user page on del.icio.us in May 2004, displaying bookmarks with tags.

The concept of shared online bookmarks is believed to have originated around April 1996 with the launch of itList, the features of which included public and private bookmarks. Another system known as WebTagger, developed by a team at the Computational Sciences Division at NASA, was presented at the Sixth International WWW Conference held in Santa Clara on April 7-11, 1997. WebTagger included several advanced social bookmarking features including the ability to collaboratively share and organize bookmarks using a web-based interface, provide comments and organize them according to categories. Within the next three years, online bookmark services became competitive, with venture-backed companies such as Backflip, Blink, Clip2, ClickMarks, HotLinks, and others entering the market. They provided folders for organizing bookmarks, and some services automatically sorted bookmarks into folders (with varying degrees of accuracy). Blink included browser buttons for saving bookmarks; Backflip enabled users to email their bookmarks to others and displayed "Backflip this page" buttons on partner websites. Lacking viable revenue models, this early generation of social bookmarking companies failed as the dot-com bubble burst-Backflip closed citing "economic woes at the start of the 21st century". In 2005, the founder of Blink said, "I don't think it was that we were 'too early' or that we got killed when the bubble burst. I believe it all came down to product design, and to some very slight differences in approach."

Founded in 2003, Delicious (then called del.icio.us) pioneered tagging and coined the term social bookmarking. Frassle, a blogging system released in November 2003, included social bookmarking elements. In 2004, as Delicious began to take off, similar services Furl, Simpy, Spurl.net, and unalog were released, along with CiteULike and Connotea (sometimes called social citation services) and the related recommendation system Stumbleupon. Also in 2004, the social photo sharing website Flickr was released, and inspired by Delicious it soon added a tagging feature. In 2006, Ma.gnolia (later renamed to Gnolia), Blue Dot (later renamed to Faves), Mister Wong, and Diigo entered the bookmarking field, and Connectbeam included a social bookmarking and tagging service aimed at businesses and enterprises. In 2007, IBM released its Lotus Connections product. In 2009, Pinboard launched as a bookmarking service with paid accounts. As of 2012, Furl, Simpy, Spurl.net, Gnolia, Faves, and Connectbeam are no longer active services.

Digg was founded in 2004 with a related system for sharing and ranking social news, followed by competitors Reddit in 2005 and Newsvine in 2006. As of January 20, 2016, Reddit is now the 32nd highest ranking in the world and Digg is no longer a social bookmarking platform and has dropped out of the top 1000.

A simple form of shared vocabularies does emerge in social bookmarking systems ( folksonomy). Collaborative tagging exhibits a form of complex systems (or self-organizing) dynamics. Although there is no central controlled vocabulary to constrain the actions of individual users, the distributions of tags that describe different resources have been shown to converge over time to stable power law distributions. Once such stable distributions form, the correlations between different tags can be examined to construct simple folksonomy graphs, which can be efficiently partitioned to obtain a form of community or shared vocabularies. While such vocabularies suffer from some of the informality problems described below, they can be seen as emerging from the decentralized actions of many users, as a form of crowdsourcing.

From the point of view of search data, there are drawbacks to such tag-based systems: no standard set of keywords (i.e., a folksonomy instead of a controlled vocabulary), no standard for the structure of such tags (e.g., singular vs. plural, capitalization), mistagging due to spelling errors, tags that can have more than one meaning, unclear tags due to synonym/ antonym confusion, unorthodox and personalized tag schemata from some users, and no mechanism for users to indicate hierarchical relationships between tags (e.g., a site might be labeled as both cheese and cheddar, with no mechanism that might indicate that cheddar is a refinement or sub-class of cheeses).

For individual users, social bookmarking can be useful as a way to access a consolidated set of bookmarks from various computers, organize large numbers of bookmarks, and share bookmarks with contacts. Institutions, including businesses, libraries, and universities have used social bookmarking as a way to increase information sharing among members. Social bookmarking has also been used to improve web search.

Unlike social bookmarking, where individuals can bookmark their favorite web resources to share those with the public on the internet, enterprise bookmarking is for knowledge management and sharing it within a specific network of an organization. Enterprise bookmarking is used by the users of an organization to tag, manage and share bookmarks on the web as well as the knowledge base of the organization's databases and file servers.

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it.

Libraries have found social bookmarking to be useful as an easy way to provide lists of informative links to patrons. The University of Pennsylvania (UP) was one of the first library adopters with its PennTags.

Social bookmarking tools are an emerging educational technology that has been drawing more of educators' attention over the last several years. This technology offers knowledge sharing solutions and a social platform for interactions and discussions. These tools enable users to collaboratively underline, highlight, and annotate an electronic text, in addition to providing a mechanism to write additional comments on the margins of the electronic document. For example, Delicious could be used in a course to provide an inexpensive answer to the question of rising course materials costs. RISAL (Repository of Intean organization's users to manage and share bookmarks on the web and supporting teaching and learning at the university level.

Social bookmarking tools have several purposes in an academic setting including: organizing and categorizing web pages for efficient retrieval; keeping tagged pages accessible from any networked computer; sharing needed or desired resources with other users; accessing tagged pages with RSS feeds, cell phones and PDAs for increased mobilan organization's users to tag, manage and share bookmarks on the web and giving students another way to collaborate with each other and make collective discoveries.

One requirement unique to education is that resources often have one URL that describes the resource, with another for the actual learning content. XtLearn.net allows bookmarking of both in one step, the relevant URL being delivered to either tutors or learners, depending on the delivery context. It also demonstrates integration with traditional learning content repositories, such as Jorum, NLN, Intute and TES.

In comparison to search engines, a social bookmarking system has several advantages over traditional automated resource location and classification software, such as search engine spiders. All tag-based classification of Internet resources (such as web sites) is done by human beings, who understand the content of the resource, as opposed to software, which algorithmically attempts to determine the meaning and quality of a resource. Also, people can find and bookmark web pages that have not yet been noticed or indexed by web spiders. Additionally, a social bookmarking system can rank a resource based on how many times it has been bookmarked by users, which may be a more useful metric for end-users than systems that rank resources based on the number of external links pointing to it. However, both types of ranking are vulnerable to fraud, (see Gaming the system), and both need technical countermeasures to try to deal with this.

Social bookmarking is susceptible to corruption and collusion. Due to its popularity, some have begun to use it as a tool to use along with search engine optimization to make their website more visible. The more often a web page is submitted and tagged, the better chance it has of being found. Spammers have started bookmarking the same web page multiple times and/or tagging each page of their web site using a lot of popular tags, obligating developers to constantly adjust their security system to overcome abuses. Furthermore, since social bookmarking generates backlinks, social bookmark link generating services are used by some webmasters in an attempt to improve their websites' rankings in search engine results pages.

1. ^ Noll, Michael G.; Meinel, Christoph (2007). Web Search Personalization Via Social Bookmarking and Tagging. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4825. pp. 367-380. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-76298-0_27. ISBN 978-3-540-76297-3.

2. ^ Aichner, T.; Jacob, F. (March 2015). "Measuring the Degree of Corporate Social Media Use". International Journal of Market Research. 57 (2): 257-275. doi:10.2501/IJMR-2015-018. S2CID 166531788.

3. ^ Golder, Scott; Huberman, Bernardo A. (2006). "Usage Patterns of Collaborative Tagging Systems". Journal of Information Science. 32 (2): 198-208. doi:10.1177/0165551506062337. S2CID 1946917. Archived from the original on 2011-05-10.

4. ^ Ben Lund, Tony Hammond, Martin Flack and Timo Hannay (2005). "Social Bookmarking Tools (II): A Case Study - Connotea". D-Lib Magazine. 11 (4). doi:10.1045/april2005-lund.

5. ^ "Web Services Offer Solutions to Bookmark Overload" Archived 2008-12-18 at the Wayback Machine by Julia Lawlor, July 13, 2000, New York Times

6. ^ "New Web Service Offers Portable Bookmark Lists" Archived 2008-12-18 at the Wayback Machine by Ian Austen, November 11, 1999, New York Times

7. ^ "Backflip Lets Web Users Store and Share Bookmarks" Archived 2008-12-18 at the Wayback Machine by Ian Austen, April 6, 2000, New York Times

8. ^ Andrew Goodman (23 May 2000). "Someday, We'll All Backflip". Archived from the original on 30 March 2008.

9. ^ Hempel, Jessi (October 6, 2015). "Inside Reddit's plan to recover from its epic meltdown". . Archived from the original on November 8, 2020.

10. ^ Johnson, M. Alex (October 7, 2007). "Msnbc.com buys social news site Newsvine". . Archived from the original on July 17, 2021.

11. Harry Halpin, Valentin Robu, Hana Shepherd The Complex Dynamics of Collaborative Tagging, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on the World Wide Web (WWW'07), Banff, Canada, pp. 211-220, ACM Press, 2007.

12. V. Robu, H. Halpin, H. Shepherd ^ Emergence of consensus and shared vocabularies in collaborative tagging systems, ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB), Vol. 3(4), article 14, ACM Press, September 2009.

13. ^ Bao, S.; Xue, G.; Wu, X.; Yu, Y.; Fei, B.; Su, Z. (2007). Optimizing web search using social annotations. WWW 2007. pp. 501-510. doi:10.1145/1242572.1242640.

14. ^ Boydell, O.; smyth, B. (2007). From social bookmarking to social summarization: an experiment in community-based summary generation. IUI 2007. pp. 42-510. doi:10.1145/1216295.1216311.

15. ^ Rethlefsen, Melissa L. (September 2007). "Tags Help Make Libraries Del.icio.us". Library Journal. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11.

16. ^ Arch, Xan (2007). "Creating the academic library folksonomy: Put social tagging to work at your institution". College & Research Libraries News. 68 (2): 80-81. doi:10.5860/crln.68.2.7748.

17. ^ Novak, Elena; Razzouk, Rim; Johnson, Tristan E. (2006). "The educational use of social annotation tools in higher education: A literature review". The Internet and Higher Education. 15 (1): 39-49. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.09.002.

18. ^ Farwell, T.M.; Waters, R.D. (2010). "Exploring the Use of Social Bookmarking Technology in Education: An Analysis of Students' Experiences using a Course-specific Delicious.com Account". Journal of Online Learning and Teaching. 6: 398-408.

19. ^ Churchill, Daniel; Wong, Wing; Law, Nancy; Salter, Diane; Tai, Benny (2009). "Social Bookmarking-Repository-Networking: Possibilities for Support of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Original". Serials Review. 35 (3): 142-148. doi:10.1016/j.serrev.2009.04.006.

20. ^ Redden, C. (2010). "Social bookmarking in academic libraries: Trends and applications". The Journal of Academic Librarianship. 36 (3): 213-227. doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2010.03.004.

21. ^ Beate Krause; Christoph Schmitz; Andreas Hotho; Gerd Stumme (2008). The Anti-Social Tagger - Detecting Spam in Social Bookmarking Systems (PDF). Fourth International Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-05.

22. ^ Benjamin Markines; Ciro Cattuto; Filippo Menczer (2009). Social spam detection. 5th International Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web (AIRWeb '09). pp. 41-48. doi:10.1145/1531914.1531924.

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Social bookmarking is an online service which allows users to add, annotate, edit, and share bookmarks of web documents. Many online bookmark management services have launched since 1996; Delicious, founded in 2003, popularized the terms "social bookmarking" and " tagging".

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
You can self-assess your language skills in your Europass profile. To self-assess your skills means that you reflect on your skills, and describe your skills levels. You can complete a simple self-assessment table in your Europass profile to describe your language skills. You can read each of the descriptions in the self-assessment tool and pick the level that you think best describes your listening, reading, spoken interaction, spoken production and writing skills in any language. You also store your language certificates in the Europass library. The self-assessment tool uses the Common European Framework for Languages (CEFR).

You can share the self-assessment table from your Europass profile to share with others such as employers, education or training institutions.

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How to self-assess your language skills? | Europass

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
You can self-assess your language skills in your Europass profile. To self-assess your skills means that you reflect on your skills, and describe your skills levels. You can complete a simple self-assessment table in your Europass profile to describe your language skills. You can read each of the descriptions in the self-assessment tool and pick the level that you think best describes your listening, reading, spoken interaction, spoken production and writing skills in any language. You also store your language certificates in the Europass library.