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All information from videos “Models of the Atom Timeline” and “Atomic Theory Matter Physics” and page 102-103 from science book

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Democritus and Lecippus (5th and 4th Centuries B.C.E)

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Democritus and Lecippus (5th and 4th Centuries B.C.E)

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These scientists lived over 2,500 years ago, and were the first people ever to really talk about the atom. They used the word “atomos” which translates to indivisible; this is where we get the word “atoms” which we use today. They didn’t have a science lab so prove their discoveries, so many people didn’t believe them.

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John Dalton was a British chemist. He was the first person to conduct scientific experiments to prove that matter was made up of tiny particles. He believed that atoms arranged in different combinations, to make different compounds.

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J.J Thompson was the first to discover that atoms have electrons, which are much smaller than atoms. His model was called the “plum pudding model” which stated that electrons were almost stuck inside of the atom and if you were to cut one open, you could see the electrons scattered along the surface. He thought that negatively charged atoms were inside of positively charged “pudding”.

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Ernest was the first to discover that atoms have a nucleus by conducting the “Gold Foil Experiment”. He believed that all of the positive charge in an atom was concentrated on the center, and the rest was pretty much empty space. His model was called the “nuclear model” and sometimes knows as the “Rutherford model”

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Bohr believed that there was in fact a nucleus in the atom, but instead of the electrons being randomly distributed, they orbited around the center. He stated that it was just like planets, which orbited around the sun. Due to the understandable analogy, people were able to take to this theory.

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In 1919, Ernest Rutherford discovered that atoms had positively charged protons in them. And in 1932, James Chadwick discovered that atoms have negatively charged neutrons in them. These two amazing discoveries really helped the understanding and modeling of the atom.

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Erwin’s model of the atom showed that instead of the electrons orbiting the nucleus, instead they were hyperactively flying around it. And as the electrons were flying around, they created shapes that formed the atom. He called these shapes “orbital”.