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Auschwitz was the largest of the various concentration camp complexes and played a key role in the implementation of the so-called Final Solution planned by the Nazis. Auschwitz is remembered as the worst of all Holocaust death camps.

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Located in the German-occupied part of Poland, Auschwitz consisted of three camps, one of which was used as an extermination center. The three camps were opened over the course of about two years, between 1940 and 1942. Auschwitz was closed in January 1945 after the liberation of the Soviet army.

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The SS authorities created three main camps near the Polish city of Oswiecim: Auschwitz I, in May 1940; Auschwitz II (also called Auschwitz-Birkenau) in early 1942; and Auschwitz III (or Auschwitz-Monowitz) in October 1942.

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Like most German concentration camps, Auschwitz I was built with three objectives: 1. to imprison indefinitely real and presumed enemies of the Nazi regime and the German occupying authorities in Poland;

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2. have continuous supply of forced labour in enterprises - mostly construction - owned by members of the SS

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3. physically eliminate small groups within the population whose death was considered essential by the SS and the police authorities for the security of Nazi Germany