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Passive Voice - English Grammar Exercises

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Passive Voice - Learning English with our free Online Exercises

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English grammar exercises online. Free exercises on the use of phrasal verbs.

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very useful for formal writing!

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ENGLISH PAGE - Present Perfect Continuous Tense

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Complete description of the present perfect continuous verb tense with present perfect continuous exercises and examples. ( Also called: present perfect progressive )

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English Grammar - if only, I wish (Expressing Wish or Regret)

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English grammar lessons online. Learn how to express a wish or a regret using if only or I wish.

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The past continuous (also called past progressive) is a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing past action was happening at a specific moment of interruption, or that two ongoing actions were happening at the same time. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and past continuous exercises.

Past Continuous Forms

The past continuous is formed using was/were + present participle. Questions are indicated by inverting the subject and was/were. Negatives are made with not.

Statement: You were studying when she called.

Question: Were you studying when she called?

Negative: You were not studying when she called.

Complete List of Past Continuous Forms
Past Continuous Uses

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the past continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the simple past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.

Examples:

I was watching TV when she called.

When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.

While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.

What were you doing when the earthquake started?

I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.

You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.

While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.

Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.

While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.

A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
B: Iwas snowboarding.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

In USE 1, described above, the past continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in the simple past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

Examples:

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.

At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.

Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

IMPORTANT

In the simple past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the past continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.

Examples:

USE 3 Parallel Actions

When you use the past continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

Examples:

I was studying while he was making dinner.

While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.

Were you listening while he was talking?

I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.

What were you doing while you were waiting?

Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.

They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

USE 4 Atmosphere

In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at a particular time in the past.

Example:

When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.

USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The past continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression used to but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."

Examples:

She was always coming to class late.

He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.

I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

Past Continuous Tips

While vs. When

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense simple past, whereas "while" is usually followed by past continuous. "While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.

Examples:

I was studying when she called.

While I was studying, she called.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-continuous verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for mixed verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using past continuous with these verbs, you must use simple past.

Examples:

Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct

Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You were just studying when she called.

Were you just studying when she called?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.

The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.

More About Active / Passive Forms
Past Continuous Exercises

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The past continuous (also called past progressive) is a verb tense which is used to show that an ongoing past action was happening at a specific moment of interruption, or that two ongoing actions were happening at the same time. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and past continuous exercises.

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The past perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action took place once or many times before another point in the past. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and present perfect exercises.

Past Perfect Forms

The past perfect is formed using had + past participle. Questions are indicated by inverting the subject and had. Negatives are made with not.

Statement: You had studied English before you moved to New York.

Question: Had you studied English before you moved to New York?

Negative: You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

Complete List of Past Perfect Forms
Past Perfect Uses

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past

The past perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

Examples:

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.

I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.

Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

She only understood the movie because she had read the book.

Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.

We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.

A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
B: Yes, Ihad been to the U.S. once before.

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With non-continuous verbs and some non-continuous uses of mixed verbs, we use the past perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.

Examples:

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.

By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.

They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty years.

Although the above use of past perfect is normally limited to non-continuous verbs and non-continuous uses of mixed verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" are sometimes used in this way even though they are NOT non-continuous verbs.

IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect

Unlike with the present perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the past perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.

Example:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

MOREOVER

If the past perfect action did occur at a specific time, the simple past can be used instead of the past perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and "after" actually tell you what happens first, so the past perfect is optional. For this reason, both sentences below are correct.

Examples:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.

HOWEVER

If the past perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, past perfect is not optional. Compare the examples below. Here past perfect is referring to a lack of experience rather than an action at a specific time. For this reason, simple past cannot be used.

Examples:

She never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct

She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You had previously studied English before you moved to New York.

Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

George had repaired many cars before he received his mechanic's license.

Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanic's license.

More About Active / Passive Forms
Past Perfect Exercises

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The past perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action took place once or many times before another point in the past. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and present perfect exercises. The past perfect is formed using had + past participle.

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The simple past (also called past simple, past indefinite or preterite) is a verb tense which is used to show that a completed action took place at a specific time in the past. The simple past is also frequently used to talk about past habits and generalizations. Read on for detailed descriptions, examples, and simple past exercises.

Simple Past Forms

The simple past is formed using the verb + ed. In addition, there are many verbs with irregular past forms. Questions are made with did and negative forms are made with did not.
Complete List of Simple Past Forms
Simple Past Uses

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the simple past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the simple past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.

Examples:

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.

Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs?

USE 3 Duration in the Past

The simple past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

Examples:

I lived in Brazil for two years.

Shauna studied Japanese for five years.

They sat at the beach all day.

They did not stay at the party the entire time.

We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.

A: How long did you wait for them?
B: Wewaited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The simple past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as " used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

I studied French when I was a child.

He played the violin.

He didn't play the piano.

Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid?

She worked at the movie theater after school.

They never went to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The simple past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the simple past is quite similar to the expression " used to."

Examples:

She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing.

He didn't like tomatoes before.

Did you live in Texas when you were a kid?

People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

Simple Past Tips

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are called when-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.

Examples:

When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.

She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the simple past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her one dollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her one dollar.

Example:

I paid her one dollar when she answered my question.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:
More About Active / Passive Forms
Simple Past Exercises

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The simple past (also called past simple, past indefinite or preterite) is a verb tense which is used to show that a completed action took place at a specific time in the past. The simple past is also frequently used to talk about past habits and generalizations.

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English Grammar - Learn English Grammar - Articles

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Learn English Free - English Grammar - The use of articles in English

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General and specific determiners

Determiners are words which come at the beginning of the noun phrase.

They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or general.

Determiners are either specific or general

Specific determiners:

The specific determiners are:

We use a specific determiner when we believe the listener/reader knows exactly what we are referring to:

Can you pass me the salt please?
Look at those lovely flowers.
Thank you very much for your letter.
Whose coat is this?

General determiners:

The general determiners are:

When we are talking about things in general and the listener/reader does not know exactly what we are referring to, we can use an uncount noun or a plural noun with no determiner:

Milk is very good for you. (= uncount noun)
Health and education are very important. (= 2 uncount nouns)
Girls normally do better in school than boys. (= plural nouns with no determiner)

... or you can use a singular noun with the indefinite article a or an:

A woman was lifted to safety by a helicopter.
A man climbing nearby saw the accident.

We use the general determiner any with a singular noun or an uncount noun when we are talking about all of those people or things:

It's very easy. Any child can do it. (= All children can do it)
With a full licence you are allowed to drive any car.
I like beef, lamb, pork - any meat.

We use the general determiner another to talk about an additional person or thing:

Would you like another glass of wine?

I spoke to John, Helen and a few other friends.

Quantifiers

We use quantifiers when we want to give someone information about the number of something: how much or how many.

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General and specific determiners Determiners are words which come at the beginning of the noun phrase . They tell us whether the noun phrase is specific or general. Determiners are either specific or general Specific determiners: The specific determiners are: We use a specific determiner when we believe the listener/reader knows exactly what we are referring to: Can you pass me the salt please?

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In English, the usual order of words in a sentence is subject + verb + object. Sometimes certain adverbs come at the beginning of the sentence. This order is then inverted and the verb comes before the subject.

Study the following sentences.

Scarcely had I stepped out when the telephone rang.

Hardly had I reached the station when the train departed.

No sooner had she read the telegram than she started crying.

Never have I seen such a mess.

Note that the sentences given above can also be written with normal word order.

I had scarcely stepped out when the telephone rang.

I had hardly reached the station when the train departed.

Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences, putting the adverb first and inverting the subject and verb.

1. I have seldom heard such a beautiful voice.
2. He had hardly sat down for dinner when someone knocked at the door.
3. I have never heard such utter nonsense.
4. They not only looted the shop, but also set fire to it.
Answers
1. Seldom have I heard such a beautiful voice.
2. Hardly had he sat down for dinner when someone knocked at the door.
3. Never have I heard such utter nonsense.
4. Not only did they loot the shop, but also set fire to it.

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In English, the usual order of words in a sentence is subject + verb + object. Sometimes certain adverbs come at the beginning of the sentence. This order is then inverted and the verb comes before the subject. Study the following sentences. Scarcely had I stepped out when the telephone rang.

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Complete description of mixed conditional verb forms.

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Any questions? Ask TestMagic!
1. neg intro

3. intro -ed

4. comparative

5. intro comparative

6. as

7. so... that...

8. had, should, were

9. there is

10. here is

11. intro -ing

12. emphasis

13. the bigger, the better

14. questions

15. "story speech"

16. nor

18. intro adjective

Never do I sleep.

Only at night can I study.

In no way could I help you with your Japanese grammar question.

I believe that only rarely will I need your help.

Not until I got home did I realize that my shoes were untied.

Question form is obligatory.

Used with all verbs.

This one is very common on the TOEFL and somewhat common on the GMAT and GRE.

We need to learn the various types of words and phrases that require this type of inversion.

Notice that sometimes the inversion occurs right after the neg intro form and sometimes it occurs in the next subject and verb.

See Neg Intro for more info.

3. intro –ed

Located between San Francisco and Marin County is the Golden Gate Bridge.

4. comparatives

Cheetahs run faster than do antelopes.

You speak Chinese better than do I.

Jessica is more interested in Computer Science than is Benjamin.

Inversion is optional.

Used with all verbs.

This form of inversion is common on the TOEFL, GMAT, and GRE.

We normally only have inversion here if we are comparing subjects of the verb, not objects. For example, in the following two sentences, we are comparing objects, carrots and potatoes, not the subject I.:

J I like carrots more than I do potatoes. J

L I like carrots more than do I like potatoes. L

Now, in this sentence, we are comparing subjects, I and my friend Carl:

J I like carrots more than does my friend Carl. J

Had I remembered Tomomi's birthday, she wouldn't be mad at me now.

Note that the word if does NOT appear in the clause when inversion is used:

Had I remembered = If I had remembered

Should you need a hand, I will be more than happy to help you.

Should you need a hand = If you should need a hand

Were I you, I think I would study more for your exam tomorrow.

Were I you = If I were you

9. there is, there are, there exists, there comes, etc.

There comes a time in every person's life when she realizes that she is responsible for her own happiness, not other people.

Scientists hypothesize that there exists a certain type of particle that can travel faster than the speed of light.

13. the bigger, the better

The closer an object is to another object, the greater is the gravity between the two objects.

Question form is optional.

Used with all verbs.

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List of 18 Types of Subject/Verb Inversion

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Any questions? Ask TestMagic! 1. neg intro 3. intro -ed 4. comparative 5. intro comparative 6. as 7. so... that... 8. had, should, were 9. there is 10. here is 11. intro -ing 12. emphasis 13. the bigger, the better 14. questions 15. "story speech" 16. nor 18.

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Impossible / hypothetical / unlikely

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The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive:

if + past simple, ...would + infinitive

(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing).

It has two uses.

First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.

If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)

If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.

She would travel all over the world if she were rich.

She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this won't happen)

Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples:

If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).

If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.

How is this different from the first conditional?
This kind of conditional sentence is different from the first conditional because this is a lot more unlikely.

For example (second conditional): If I had enough money I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming pool (I'm probably not going to have this much money, it's just a dream, not very real)

But (first conditional): If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes (It's much more likely that I'll have enough money to buy some shoes)
Click here to practise making the second conditional. Click here for all the conditional exercises.

Need more practice? Get more Perfect English Grammar with our courses.

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The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive: if + past simple, ...would + infinitive (We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing). It has two uses.

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Real possibilities

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The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:

if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.

If it rains, I won't go to the park.

If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.

If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.

She'll be late if the train is delayed.

She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.

First vs. Zero Conditional:
The first conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the zero conditional describes what happens in general.

For example (zero conditional): if you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm talking about every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural consequence of the sitting)

But (first conditional): if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about what will happen today, another day might be different)
First vs. Second Conditional:
The first conditional describes things that I think are likely to happen in the future, whereas the second conditional talks about things that I don't think will really happen. It's subjective; it depends on my point of view.

For example (first conditional): If she studies harder, she'll pass the exam (I think it's possible she will study harder and so she'll pass)

But (second conditional): If she studied harder, she would pass the exam (I think that she won't study harder, or it's very unlikely, and so she won't pass)
Click here for an exercise about making the first conditional.
Click here for all the conditional exercises.

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The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause: if + present simple, ... will + infinitive It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.

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Often used with the third conditional

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What you can find on this page:

online exercises and grammar rules

pdf exercises and grammar rules

Exercises with answers

Defining relative clauses:

Defining + non-defining relative clauses:

Exercise 5 replace who | which with that if possible

Exercise 6 use commas if necessary

Exercise 7 leave out that, who, which, whom if possible

Exercise 8 complete sentences with who | which | whose and use commas if necessary

PDF exercises (worksheets): Printable grammar rules:
Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses specify a noun or pronoun in the main clause and are necessary if we want to understand the meaning of a sentence.
I saw the girl who was outside our house. They wanted the picture that cost two pounds.

If we omit them, it is not clear what girl or picture we are talking about. They follow after the pronouns who, which, that, whose and whom. We do not write them with commas.

Who for persons
The man who called you has just arrived.

That for persons and things
Are you the boy that lives next door?
Can you see the tree that has no leaves?

That is less formal than who or which.
Who vs whom
Whom is the object of a verb. We use it for persons. The meaning is similar to who.
The man whom I met yesterday...
This is the girl whom I saw at the party.
Whom is very formal. In spoken English who or that are much more common.
The man who I met... The man that I met...
This is the girl who I saw... This is the girl that I saw...

We can also leave out the pronoun. It is the most usual form.
The man I met... This is the girl I met...

If the subject in the main clause is different from the subject in the defining relative clause, we normally leave out the pronoun.
The student you saw in Oxford is my neighbour. (The subjects are the student and you.)
The bike she borrowed belongs to me. (The subjects are the bike and she.)

Be careful
If the subjects in both parts of a sentence are the same, we cannot omit the pronoun, because it becomes the subject of the clause.
The driver who took you to school is from York. The pen that is on the desk is new.
There is only one subject in each sentence - the driver and the pen. If we leave out the subject, it will not be clear what we mean.
Wrong: The driver took you to school is from York. (This sentence does not make any sense.)

is a possessive pronoun for persons and things.
It is a story about a boy whose parents got divorced.
The river whose bridge is in front of us is called the Cam.
Relative pronouns with prepositions
We use the pronouns with prepositions as follows.
The man I got it from...
The man who/that I got it from...
The man from whom I got it...
The last sentence is not very common in spoken English as it is quite formal.

Non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses only describe a preceding noun or pronoun (add some information about them), but do not specify them. They must be written with commas.
My father, who is 65 now, still works.
His car, which cost nearly 20,000 pounds, is broken.
If we leave them out(My father still works. His car is broken.), the sentences remain grammatically correct and we know what father or car we are talking about. The only effect is that there is less information in the sentences.

More examples
I gave it to Peter, who is my close friend.
Ann, whom I admire, is not right in this case.
Their garden, which is near here, looks beautiful.
Pam, whose children go to school, is not so busy.

Such sentences are quite formal and are typical of written English. In spoken English we prefer less formal structures.
Written English: My father, who is 65 now, still works.
Spoken English: My father is 65 now and still works.
Written English: Their garden, which is near here, looks beautiful.
Spoken English: Their garden is near here. It looks beautiful.

In informal English we use who instead of whom.
Formal: Sam, whom I know quite well, would be a good husband.
Informal: Sam, who I know quite well, would be a good husband.

The connective relative clauses do not specify or describe the preceding nouns or pronouns, but only develop the story.
I gave the letter to James, who sent it to London.
She passed me the salt, which fell on the floor.
Their function is different, but the rules are the same as with the non-defining clauses. We make them with the pronouns who, whom, whose, which and write them with commas.

Remember
We cannot write the defining clauses with commas, because they change the meaning of a sentence. Compare the following sentences.
The passengers who fastened their seatbelts survived. (Which passengers survived? Only the pasengers wearing the seatbelts.)
The passengers, who fastened their seatbelts, survived. (Because all the passengers were wearing their seatbelts, they survived.)
The students who did all the exercises succeeded. (Which students succeeded? Only the students doing all the exercises.)
The students, who did all the exercises, succeeded. (All students succeeded. Why? Because they did all the exercises.)
In spoken English we make pauses in sentences instead of commas.

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Defining + Non-defining Relative clauses | Exercises + PDF

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What you can find on this page: online exercises and grammar rules pdf exercises and grammar rules Defining relative clauses: Defining + non-defining relative clauses: Exercise 5 replace who | which with that if possible Exercise 6 use commas if necessary Exercise 7 leave out that, who, which, whom if possible Exercise 8 complete sentences with who | which | whose and use commas if necessary PDF exercises (worksheets): Printable grammar rules: Defining relative clauses specify a noun or pronoun in the main clause and are necessary if we want to understand the meaning of a sentence.

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Inversion of verbs -verb before subject.| Learn English Today

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Explanation on the inversion of verbs, for learners of English, with online exercises.

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Used for regrets etc / when talking about a hypothetical past situation and predicting a hypothetical futre outcome - purely hypothetical

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Information about the third conditional, including lots of practice exercises.

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Phrasal verbs list meanings and examples

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A large list of phrasal verbs with there meanings and also examples for each one

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For real and true facts / situations

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Lots of clear explanations and exercises about the zero conditional

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Complete description of the future perfect verb tense with future perfect exercises and examples.

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Complete description of the simple future verb tense with simple future exercises and examples highlighting the differences between WILL and BE GOING TO.

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ENGLISH PAGE - Future Perfect Continuous

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Complete description of the future perfect continuous verb tense with future perfect continuous exercises and examples. ( A.k.a. future perfect progressive )

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Past habits that do not occur anymore...

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Future continuous has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing." Unlike simple future forms, future continuous forms are usually interchangeable.

FORM Future Continuous with "Will"

[will be + present participle]

Examples:

You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?

You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

FORM Future Continuous with "Be Going To "

[am/is/are + going to be + present participle]

Examples:

You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?

You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

REMEMBER: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the future continuous with little difference in meaning.

Complete List of Future Continuous Forms

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Future

Use the future continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.

Examples:

I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.

I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.

I am going to be staying at the Madison Hotel, if anything happens and you need to contact me.

He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when she arrives.

Notice in the examples above that the interruptions ( marked in italics) are in simple present rather than simple future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses, and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future

In USE 1, described above, the future continuous is interrupted by a short action in the future. In addition to using short actions as interruptions, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.

Examples:

Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.

At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert.

REMEMBER

In the simple future, a specific time is used to show the time an action will begin or end. In the future continuous, a specific time interrupts the action.

Examples:

USE 3 Parallel Actions in the Future

When you use the future continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.

Examples:

I am going to be studying and he is going to be making dinner.

Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television.

USE 4 Atmosphere in the Future

In English, we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere at a specific point in the future.

Example:

When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future tenses, the future continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of future continuous, present continuous is used.

AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that non-continuous verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for mixed verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using future continuous with these verbs, you must use simple future.

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

You will still be waiting for her when her plane arrives.

Will you still be waiting for her when her plane arrives?

You are still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives.

Are you still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

NOTE: Passive forms of the future continuous are not common.
More About Active / Passive Forms
Future Continuous Exercises

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Future continuous has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing." Unlike simple future forms, future continuous forms are usually interchangeable. [will be + present participle] Examples: You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight?

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Modals are special verbs, such as can or must, which behave very irregularly in English. Englishpage.com's in-depth modal tutorial will help you learn what makes modal verbs special. Study the modal descriptions and complete the exercises to take another step towards English fluency.

How to use this tutorial:

1. Read the introduction titled What are Modal Verbs?

2. Complete the exercises below. Each exercise has links to the modals covered. And don't miss our Modal Final Test.

Modal Verb Exercises

Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences:

1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person.

Examples:

He can speak Chinese.

She should be here by 9:00.

2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in simple present and simple past.

Examples:

He should not be late.

They might not come to the party.

3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.

Examples:

Common Modal Verbs

For the purposes of this tutorial, we have included some expressions which are not modal verbs including had better, have to, and have got to. These expressions are closely related to modals in meaning and are often interchanged with them.

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Modals are special verbs, such as can or must, which behave very irregularly in English. Englishpage.com's in-depth modal tutorial will help you learn what makes modal verbs special. Study the modal descriptions and complete the exercises to take another step towards English fluency. 1. Read the introduction titled What are Modal Verbs?

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The present and past forms of modal verbs expressing modality such as obligation, ability, possibility, prohibition, advice, lack of necessity...

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The present and past forms of modal verbs expressing modality such as obligation, ability, possibility, prohibition, advice, lack of necessity...

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Clause structure

All clauses in English have at least two parts, a noun phrase (subject) and a verb phrase:

But most clauses have more than two parts:

The first noun phrase of a sentence is the subject. English clauses always have a subject:

His father has just retired. He was a teacher. (NOT Was a teacher.)
I'm waiting for my wife. She is late. (NOT Is late.)

except for the imperative, which is used for orders, invitations and requests:

Stop!
Please come to dinner tomorrow.
Play it again, please.

There were twenty people at the meeting.
There will be an eclipse of the moon tonight.
It's a lovely day.
It's nearly one o'clock.

Verb patterns

Different verbs have different patterns, so the structure of the clause depends on the verb.

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Most verbs in English are either transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb has the structure noun + verb + noun:

Transitive verbs need an object. Common transitive verbs are:

An intransitive verb has the structure noun + verb:

Intransitive verbs do not have an object. Common intransitive verbs are:

Some verbs can be either transitive or intransitive:

She sang a wonderful aria.
We were singing.
Transitive: N + V + N
Intransitive: N + V

We were playing football.
We were just playing.
Transitive: N + V + N
Intransitive: N + V

Common verbs like this are:

Other patterns

Some verbs are both transitive and intransitive, but the object when they are transitive is the same as the subject when they are intransitive:

These are called ergative verbs.

There are other kinds of verb patterns. For example:

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All clauses in English have at least two parts, a noun phrase (subject) and a verb phrase : But most clauses have more than two parts: The first noun phrase of a sentence is the subject. English clauses always have a subject: His father has just retired. He was a teacher.

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Clause structure

All clauses in English have at least two parts, a noun phrase (subject) and a verb phrase:

But most clauses have more than two parts:

The first noun phrase of a sentence is the subject. English clauses always have a subject:

His father has just retired. He was a teacher. (NOT Was a teacher.)
I'm waiting for my wife. She is late. (NOT Is late.)

except for the imperative, which is used for orders, invitations and requests:

Stop!
Please come to dinner tomorrow.
Play it again, please.

There were twenty people at the meeting.
There will be an eclipse of the moon tonight.
It's a lovely day.
It's nearly one o'clock.

Verb patterns

Different verbs have different patterns, so the structure of the clause depends on the verb.

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Most verbs in English are either transitive or intransitive. A transitive verb has the structure noun + verb + noun:

Transitive verbs need an object. Common transitive verbs are:

An intransitive verb has the structure noun + verb:

Intransitive verbs do not have an object. Common intransitive verbs are:

Some verbs can be either transitive or intransitive:

She sang a wonderful aria.
We were singing.
Transitive: N + V + N
Intransitive: N + V

We were playing football.
We were just playing.
Transitive: N + V + N
Intransitive: N + V

Common verbs like this are:

Other patterns

Some verbs are both transitive and intransitive, but the object when they are transitive is the same as the subject when they are intransitive:

These are called ergative verbs.

There are other kinds of verb patterns. For example:

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All clauses in English have at least two parts, a noun phrase (subject) and a verb phrase : But most clauses have more than two parts: The first noun phrase of a sentence is the subject. English clauses always have a subject: His father has just retired. He was a teacher.

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Transitive verbs have both active and passive forms:

Passive forms are made up of with a past participle:

If we want to show the person or thing doing the action, we use by:

She was attacked by a dangerous dog.
The money was stolenby her husband.

Active and passive voice 1

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Active and passive voice 2

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Active and passive voice 3

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Level: intermediate
The passive infinitive is made up of to be with a past participle:

The doors are going to be locked at ten o'clock.
You shouldn't have done that. You oughtto be punished.

We sometimes use the verb get with a past participle to form the passive:

Be careful with that glass. It might get broken.
Petergot hurt in a crash.

We can use the indirect object as the subject of a passive verb:

We can use phrasal verbs in the passive:

Active and passive voice 4

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Active and passive voice 5

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Level: advanced
Some verbs which are very frequently used in the passive are followed by the :

John has been asked to make a speech at the meeting.
Youare supposed to wear a uniform.
The meetingis scheduled to start at seven.

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Transitive verbs have both active and passive forms: Passive forms are made up of with a past participle : If we want to show the person or thing doing the action, we use by : She was attacked by a dangerous dog. The money was stolenby her husband.

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Verbs are also said to be either active (The executive committee approved the new policy) or passive (The new policy was approved by the executive committee) in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is a be-er or a do-er and the verb moves the sentence along.

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Passive Voice - English Grammar Exercises

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Passive Voice - Learning English with our free Online Exercises