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“I am therefore led to conclude that the right of association is almost as inalienable as the right of personal liberty...)”(413)

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“Lobbyists are the foot soldiers and the friends of the people who run the government”(427)

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“It argues that, in politics as in life, what is known is not necessarily what is believed, what is show is not necessarily what is seen, and what is said is not necessarily what is heard”(482)

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“Want a separate nation within the nation, separate gov within the gov”

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What does de Tocqueville mean when he says “On one point, however, this perilous liberty offers a security against dangers of another kind; in countries where associations are free, secret societies are unknown. In America, there are numerous factions, but no conspiracies…” ?

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“The right of associating with such views is very analogous to the liberty of unlicensed writing; but societies thus formed possess more authority than the press. When an opinion is represented by a society, it necessarily assumes a more exact and explicit form”

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What does he mean by government within the government?

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“The most natural privilege of man, next to the right of acting for himself, is that of combining his exertions with those of his fellow creatures, and of acting in common with them. I am therefore led to conclude that the right of association is almost as inalienable as the right of personal liberty…”

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“An association unites the efforts of minds which have a tendency to diverge in one single channel and urges them vigorously towards the one single end which it points out”

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“At the top of the hierarchy are members of congress and cabinet secretaries. Next come congressional and cabinet staff. Then at the bottom come lobbyists" (428).

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What exactly are lobbyists' relationship to lawmakers/decision makers? What are they responsible for in the government and the officials' workload?

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“Washington has become a club in which the line between those inside and outside the government is not clearly drawn”

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“Corporate lobbyists have so suffused the culture of the city that at times they seem to be part of the government itself. One result is that corporate America, once a perennial sacrificial lamb when it came to government crackdowns, has become something of a sacred cow”.

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How do lobbyists decide what to take on?

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“A compelling narrative such as the horton saga controls our interpretation of data by offering a plausible, internally coherent story that resonates w the audience” (486)

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On one point, however, this perilous liberty offers a security against dangers of another kind; in countries where associations are free, secret societies are unknown.

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“The citizen of the United States is taught from his earliest infancy to rely upon his own exertions, in order to resist the evils and the difficulties of life; he looks upon the social authority with an eye of mistrust and anxiety, and he only claims its assistance when he is quite unable to shift without it”

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Is it legal to push out ads that have false information or illegitimate references/inferences; “The furlough ad contains three false statements and invites one illegitimate inference”? Have the rules about campaign ads changed since Bush v. Dukakis?

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“Like pack rats, voters gather bits and pieces of political information and store them in a single place. Lost in the storage is a clear recall of where this or that “fact” came from”.

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“The citizen of the United States is taught from his earliest infancy to rely upon his own exertions in order to resist the evils and the difficulties of life; he looks upon social authority with an eye of mistrust and anxiety, and he only claims its assistance when he is quite unable to shift without it.”

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"The most natural privilege of man, next to the right of acting for himself, is that of combining his exertions with those of his fellow creatures, and of acting in common with them."

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“And, more important, lobbyists provide information about both policy and process that government officials often cannot get from their own, often underfunded government agencies” 

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“These quirks include a pack-ratlike tendency to gather up and interrelate information from various places, a disposition to weigh accessible dramatic data more heavily than abstract statistical information, and a predilection for letting fears shape perception of what constitutes “fact”

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what does he mean by the third degree of association?

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What does DeTocqueville mean when he says that in countries where interest groups exist, secret societies are unknown?

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"Corporate America, once a perennial sacrificial lamb when it came to government crackdowns, has become something of a sacred cow"

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"The citizen of the United States is taught from his earliest infancy to rely upon his own exertions in order to resist the evils and the difficulties of life; he looks upon social authority with an eye of mistrust and anxiety, and he only claims its assistance when he is quite unable to shift without it."

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Does DeTocqueville support having a party system?

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“They are the gang that couldn’t shoot straight, but they manage to hit their target often enough to make a difference”

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"The citizen of the United States is taught from his earliest infancy to rely upon his own exertions in order to resist the evils and the difficulties of life; he looks upon social authority with an eye of mistrust and anxiety, and he only claims its assistance when he is quite unable to shift without it."

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It seemed kind of unclear in the reading is being a lobbyists considered a well respected job? Or is it viewed differently?

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Why does DeTocqueville feel so strongly about associations in the United States being less dangerous than those in Europe?

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Why have interest groups become so powerful compared to when this was written by DeTocqueville?

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What would a more in depth explanation reveal about why interest groups have a lesser impact on policy compared to other developed countries?

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“What is shown is not what is necessarily seen, what is known is not what is necessarily believed”

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What do the different degree's of association mean?

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Wouldn’t you look at more than one source for information?

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How does what lobbyists make today compare to the late 1900s? 

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Why do people working in the government listen to lobbyists?

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“The most natural privilege of man, next to the right of acting for himself, is that of combining his exertions with those of his fellow creatures, and of acting in common with them. I am therefore led to conclude that the right of association is almost as inalienable as the right of personal liberty…”

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Did Dukakis respond to the ads in anyway or try to take control of the narrative?

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"'If you spend your time with millionaires, you will begin to think like them.' Lobbyists provide the prism through which the government officials often make their decisions"

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Who regulates lobbying?

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What did Dukakis do to defend himself against the Bush ad?

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How are lobbyists viewed as a whole? At times the reading made them seem like they were well respected and at other times it seemed like they were looked down upon

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“The fact that the memories are factually inaccurate does not diminish their power”

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Do lobbyists call themselves lobbyists when speaking with lawmakers?

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What does DeTocqueville mean by "tyranny of the majority"

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Did Dukakis try and explain himself? What advertisements did he run?

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"Something nasty has greater power and influence than something nice"

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What does he mean by interest groups throwing the nation into anarchy?

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Did Dukakis run any ads himself? And if so, what kind?

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How does the reading relate to the tyranny of interest groups?

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“The citizen of the United States is taught from his earliest infancy to rely upon his own exertions in order to resist the evils and the difficulties of life; he looks upon social authority with an eye of mistrust and anxiety, and he only claims its assistance when he is quite unable to shift without it.”

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"They are the gang that couldn’t shoot straight, but they manage to hit their target often enough to make a difference”

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"But of its approximately $140 billion in tax increases over 5 years, only 11% came from corporations. The rest came from individual, taxypaying families" (426)

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How did Micheal Dukakis respond to Bush's ads?

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"Every lawmaker's chief interest is in getting reelected. So lobbyists see it as their job to persuade lawmakers that voters are on the lobbyists side"

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What did Dukakis do in response to these ads? Did he create his own ad? Did he give a speech to refute the ads? Or did he just not speak on the issue?

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How did the Democratic party/Dakakis react to the Willie Horton ad?

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How did Dukakis defend himself from the ads? Did he make any statements refuting their contents?

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"Televised images that elicit negative emotion result in better recall than those that evoke positive ones. As a result, attacks are better remembered than positive reasons for voting for a candidate. And dissatisfied, disapproving voters are more likely to appear at their polling place than more satisfied neighbors" (487)

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“What is shown is not what is seen, what is known is not what is believed”

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Are there any rules that Lobbyists have to follow?

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"When evaluating 'social stimuli,' negative information carries more weight than positive information."

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"Like pack rats, voters gather bits and pieces of political information and store them in a single place. Lost in the storage is a clear recall of where this or that "fact" came from"

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“Like pack rats, voters gather bits and pieces of political information and store them in a single place. Lost in the storage is a clear recall of where this or that “fact” came from”

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If a politician's job is to be elected again, why would they listen to lobbyists so much when the public would benefit from other laws?

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Are there ways that this kind of false narrative building can be combatted successfully, and have they worked?