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Biodiversity in an ecosystem includes genetic, species, and habitat diversity.

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The more genetically diverse a population is, the better it can respond to environmental stressors. Additionally, a population bottleneck can lead to a loss of genetic diversity

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There are two main types of ecological succession: primary and secondary succession.

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Organisms adapt to their environment over time, both in short- and long-term scales, via incremental changes at the genetic level.

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There are four categories of ecosystem services: provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting.

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A keystone species in an ecosystem is a species whose activities have a particularly significant role in determining community structure.

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The biogeography field that Examines the factors the species richness diversification of isolated natural communities

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Effects of Humans Disruptions to Ecosystem Services

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Effects of Humans Disruptions to Ecosystem Services

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Anthropogenic disruptions can lead to economic and ecological damages.

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A range of conditions, such as temperature, salinity, flow rate, and sunlight that an organisms endure before injury or death result. This can also apply to individuals and species.

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An indicator species is a plant or animal that, by its presence, abundance, scarcity, or chemical composition, demonstrates that some distinctive aspect of the character or quality of an ecosystem is present.

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Ecosystems with a larger number of species are more likely to recover from disruptions.

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Environmental changes, either sudden or gradual, may threaten a species’ survival, requiring individuals to alter behaviors, move, or perish.

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Pioneer members of an early successional species commonly move into unoccupied habitat and over time adapt to its particular conditions, which may result in the origin of new species.

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Loss of habitat leads to a loss of specialist species and generalist species. It also leads to a reduced number of species that have large territorial equipments.

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Many island species have evolved to be
specialists versus generalists because of the
limited resources, such as food and territory,
on most islands. The long-term survival of
specialists may be jeopardized if and when
invasive species, typically generalists, are
introduced and outcompete the specialists.

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Natural disruptions to ecosystems have environmental consequences that may, for a given occurrence, be as great as, or greater than, many human-made disruptions

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Succession in a disturbed ecosystem will affect the total biomass, species richness, and net productivity over time.

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Refers to the number of different species found in an ecosystem.

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Volcano eruption in Hawaii; before vs after

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Earth system processes operate on a range of scales in terms of time. Processes can be periodic, episodic, or random.

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Earth’s climate has changed over geological time for many reasons.

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Climate’s change overtime

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Sea level has varied significantly as a result of changes in the amount of glacial ice on Earth over geological time.

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Changes of sea levels overtime