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От отпадъци към енергия

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Water is one of the most important elements in nature, it is an integral part of it and of every living organism. It covers 71% of the planet's surface. It is concentrated mainly in the oceans and other large water basins - 97% is salty seawater, 2.4% - icicles 0.6% - rivers and lakes.

Due to its natural circulation, the water evaporates and then returns to the earth in the form of rainfall.

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The water supply is from the public company named "B & K" - water supply and sewerage. The main activity of "Water Supply and Sewerage Plants" Ltd. is maintained and operated by water supply and sewerage systems for drinking water supply for drinking, household, technological and fire-fighting needs and ensuring safety from the waste drivers from settlements to water intakes.

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The Council of Ministers has set up a state water and sewerage holding. This will unite all water companies with state and municipal participation in others.

Heads are the Minister of Ecology and Water and the Minister of Regional Development and Public Works. The plumbing holding will have a supervisory and management board to follow for violations.
The structure of "B & K":

Supervisory Board

Management Board

Director

Technical Assistants

Employees

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Services B and K are provided through:

1. the water supply system up to the boundary with the building water supply system or the internal (site, yard) water supply network of consumers;

2. the sewerage system to the border with the building sewerage system or the internal (site, yard) sewerage network of consumers.

Consumer properties are supplied with water by connecting the water supply systems or the internal water supply networks to the water supply systems by means of a water diversion with a water meter.

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abstraction of natural waters from water bodies through water abstraction facilities;

their purification by treatment plants or treatment facilities, if necessary;

reservation;

transportation of water through supply pipelines and through the street distribution water supply networks in urban areas and supplying water to consumers' properties through water supply diversions.

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The sewer service includes activities related to:

drainage of waste and rainwater from consumer properties through sewage diversions and street sewage networks in urban areas and through sewage collectors, sewage treatment through;

sewage treatment plants or treatment facilities, if necessary;

discharge of waste or treated water into water intakes when environmental requirements are met.

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Where services B & K are provided by several operators, who operate separately the water supply and sewerage system or their separate parts, the operators regulate their contractual relations.

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Consumer-owned wastewater is disposed of by connecting the building sewer or internal sewerage network to the sewerage system by diverting the sewer through a user-owned audit shaft.

Water supply diversions with water meters and sewerage diversions are part of the overall water supply and sewerage network systems and are built and maintained by the operators.

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The capital stock of the company is EUR 10 million.

It is formed by consumer contributions and an additional government subsidy to cover the difference.

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The costs are related to:

Operating expenses - to maintain fixed tangible and intangible assets related to the provision of the water supply service. Water supply - 79% - Waste water disposal - 8% - Waste water treatment - 13%

Capital expenditures for the acquisition of tangible assets and FTAs. The information has been analyzed on the basis of a review of each specific water project and for projects including other activities by a specially developed methodology.

Administrative costs associated with the provision of the service include the costs of the Bulgarian water conservation and water monitoring institutions.

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Public institutions and accommodation buildings engaged in activities involving people at risk, poverty, disabled and disadvantaged do NOT pay user fees.

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The main source of drinking water is fresh water from nature, which is purified and disinfected by the relevant city services, which, through proper preparation and purification, submit it for distribution in the water supply network. The main sources of fresh water are: Capture from lakes, dams, rivers and other open sources. Underground sources (wells, springs, etc.), usually trapped in driftwood. Installations for seawater treatment.

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In addition to the water supplied by a centralized water supply system, there is also the supply of drinking water by bottling it, supplying it with tanks, vending machines and using directly natural sources of water such as springs and wells.

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Household water consumption in 2019 is 99 l / day per person - 0.099 cubic meters.

Household water consumption in 2020 is estimated at a minimum of 100 l per day per person.

The maximum supply of water per person a company can provide is 200 l / day on average per person.

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Municipal company "Clean and Green". It is managed by the Mayor of the citizens and is controlled by the Municipal Council.

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"Waste" is a substance, object or part of an object for which there is no prior immediate application, or from which the holder wishes or is obliged to dispose of. Substances, objects or parts of objects handed over to specialized waste treatment companies by the owner or persons authorized by him are also defined as waste until the moment when the materials recovered by them or the energy produced by them are included in the production cycle.

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 is which is obtained in the vital activity of people in homes, in administrative, social and public buildings. They are also equated to waste from commercial sites, craft activities, sites for recreation and entertainment, when they are not in the nature of hazardous waste and at the same time their quantity or composition will not prevent their treatment together with household;

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 are those generated as a result of industrial, craft, agricultural and service activities of individuals and legal entities;

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 is that whose composition, quantity and properties pose a risk to human health and the environment and are defined as such under the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. They affect the environment and organisms by causing damage to various human organs and systems. When collecting them separately for recycling or composting, it is necessary to be especially careful not to allow even small amounts of hazardous impurities. Heavy metals such as lead and cadmium are concentrated in the ash or in the residues after combustion, which requires their special treatment afterwards.

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 is that obtained as a result of the construction activity on the construction sites, as well as those from demolition or reconstruction of buildings and facilities

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 is that which is separated from agricultural activity.

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Solid waste management is an essential service in any society. Regardless of the origin, content, or hazard potential, solid waste must be managed systematically to ensure environmental best practices. As solid waste management is a critical aspect of environmental hygiene, it must be incorporated into environmental planning.

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The primary goal of solid waste management is:

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The primary goal of solid waste management is:

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·         protection of environment through effective waste management techniques.

·         protect health, well being and environment.

·         prevent pollution.

·         reduce and reuse of waste.

·         safe disposal of waste.

·         minimize the production of waste.

·         create awareness among the people about the impact of waste.

·         maintain sustainable development

·         encourage waste to energy development

·         ensure and promote proper solid waste management

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The public utility is consisted of the following sectors:

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The public utility is consisted of the following sectors:

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·         Sector "Financial and Commercial Operation"

·         Sector "General and legal matters"

·         Sector "Communal Hygiene"

·         Sector "City greenery and Orthodox cemetery"

·         Sector "It and Development"

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The funds are provided from the municipal budget, fees and taxes paid by the residents of the city as well as from the sale of recycled waste products used as energy resources.

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Mayor;
Chief Engineer;
Chief Architect;
experts;
technical persons;
workers

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Първата интегрирана система за рециклиране, третиране и оползотворяване на отпадъците е в София

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If in 2030 there are 500,000 tons of the largest and treated waste 400,000 tons of separately collected and separated waste -85% landfilled waste, 2109MWh produced, 8 876t produced compost, 500,000 euros total revenue from the waste plant. The waste plant is an integrated system of installations and facilities for recycling, treatment and recovery of waste.

The system works with proven success and contributes to: Drastic reduction of the amount of landfilled waste Environmentally friendly production of heat and electricity Quality production of cheap energy

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biological treatment of green and biowaste

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biological treatment of green and biowaste

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We will work with installations for biological treatment of green and biowaste, from which compost and electricity are produced. They collect and process all green waste - branches, trees, grass, which are collected from parks, gardens, inter-block spaces and yards and food waste from schools, kindergartens, shops, restaurants, catering establishments

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The plant for mechanical-biological treatment of household waste produces RDF-fuel, before which all materials recyclable are separated.

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Waste Collection
will be done separately, with containers equipped with a scanner or waste detection sensor. If a person tries to throw paper in a glass container, he simply will not be allowed, will not be given such an opportunity. This will limit the mixing of separate collection and increase recycling capacity.

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The collected waste in the container will be pressed with a vacuum or will be pushed out on the respective installations directly in a waste storage.

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From the waste storage place they are transported by trucks or trains to the plant for storage, processing, recycling of waste.

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Segregation of solid waste

Waste sorting is the process by which waste is separated into different elements. Waste segregation means dividing waste into dry and wet. Dry waste includes wood and related products, metals and glass. Wet waste refers to organic waste usually generated by eating establishments and are heavy in weight due to dampness.  Waste sorting can occur manually at the household and collected through Using waste for energy

Energy from waste is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste or the processing of waste into a fuel source. WtE is a form of energy recovery. Most WtE processes generate electricity and/or heat directly through combustion, or produce a combustible fuel or gas.

Using waste for energy

Energy from waste is the process of generating energy in the form of Using waste for energy

Energy from waste is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste or the processing of waste into a fuel source. WtE is a form of energy recovery. Most WtE processes generate electricity and/or heat directly through combustion, or produce a combustible fuel or gas.
and/or Using waste for energy

Energy from waste is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste or the processing of waste into a fuel source. WtE is a form of energy recovery. Most WtE processes generate electricity and/or heat directly through combustion, or produce a combustible fuel or gas.