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Teeth

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Are we at college everyday

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MUBE - become the language of rebellion and ‘cool’
White Indian / Asian / Chinese adopt the MUBE language to rebel

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Caxton Wanted standard English to have a lingua franca for business and trade

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Language change
S curve-
Wave - closer you are to it the more likely you are to use it, the further away you are the less likely you are to use it

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English replaced french as language of law - 1362

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Assimilation of french and English

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Norman’s - law / food / business / religion

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Vikings - 792 AD

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Pidgin - simplified language : invading country and who they invaded
Creoles - expanded pidgin - expand it out and make a whole new language

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Murray / Louth / dryden
Murray rules: no double negatives, no split infinitive, ain’t is unacceptable, prepositions before

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No one owns language

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Advocates a radical view of language as embodying structures that sustain male power

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Standard English / norm selection
Omar 1991 - powerful affluent & economically stable
Horn

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Norm selection - business power areas
Omar and Horne
Omar -  norm selection from affluent, business and economically stable areas

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Caxton printing press 1476
No printed dialect other than London and surrounding areas in 1500

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American dictionary - Noah Webster - general American

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A language that was at first a pidgin but has transformed and become a first language

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Created American English to differentiate between English and American - doesn’t imply that any is superior, just that they are different

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Estuary English more inclusive than RP

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Prescriptivists - try to retain and keep the standard English to be prevalent
Descriptivists - vary from standard  English

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Linguistic communication that compromised of components of two or more other languages and is used for communication among people. It can also be called business language. It is not a first language.

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MUBE has become much more mainstream, being adopted by white youths from working class areas in order to seem cool and deviate themselves from Standard English speakers.

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Kachru’s concentric circles
Inner - English taught as first language
Outer - non standard English - along as main language
Expanding - not taught as part of the curriculum

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Influences of different language forms that come into contact with English

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Lakoff- women’s language can be distinguished by hedges, tag questions etc

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Approximately 1/3 of English vocabulary has survived and makes up the current English Language. Including words such as Food and Earth

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Sebba
Code switching - the practice of altering between two or more languages during conversation

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Milroy - open and closed networks
Petyt - Bradford - h dropping
Labov - non rhotic r - lower class
The wave model - the closer you are to it the more you are likely to use it

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Damp spoon, crumbling castle, infectious diseases

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The earliest inhabitants of the British Isles to impact our language. Many place names such as London and Kent have Celtic origin.

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Chesshire - 80% of teens vary from the norm by h dropping, double negatives etc

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Language change can be through pidgins and creoles

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French and Latin for the law

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In 1066, Norman's invaded Britain. As a result, French was the language of power spoken by the higher classes as well as being implemented into Law scriptures

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The Anglos, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians invaded during the 5th and 6th AD