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Trump defends Robert E. Lee statue supporters

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Fight to remove Confederate statues in the South face legal hurdles

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This is a list of Confederate monuments and memorials that were established as public displays and symbols of the Confederate States of America (CSA), Confederate leaders, or Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War. Part of the commemoration of the American Civil War, these symbols include monuments and statues, flags, holidays and other observances, and the names of schools, roads, parks, bridges, counties, cities, lakes, dams, military bases, and other public works. In a December 2018 special report, Smithsonian Magazine stated, "over the past ten years, taxpayers have directed at least $40 million to Confederate monuments-statues, homes, parks, museums, libraries and cemeteries-and to Confederate heritage organizations."

Monuments and memorials are listed below alphabetically by state, and by city within each state. States not listed have no known qualifying items for the list. For monuments and memorials which have been removed, consult Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials.

This list does not include the removal of figures connected with the origins of the Civil War or white supremacy, but not with the Confederacy, including statues of Supreme Court Justice Roger B. Taney in Annapolis, Baltimore, and Frederick, Maryland, a controversial portrait of North Carolina Chief Justice Thomas Ruffin, and numerous memorials to Southern politician John C. Calhoun (commemorated on the Confederacy's 1¢ stamp), although monuments to Calhoun "have been the most consistent targets" of vandals. It also does not include post-Civil War white supremacists, such as North Carolina Governor Charles Aycock and Mississippi Governor James K. Vardaman, some of whose monuments are also being removed (see Charles Brantley Aycock#Legacy) and James K. Vardaman#Personal life, death and legacy).

Memorials have been erected on public spaces (including on courthouse grounds) either at public expense or funded by private organizations and donors. Numerous private memorials have also been erected.

According to Smithsonian Magazine, "Confederate monuments aren't just heirlooms, the artifacts of a bygone era. Instead, American taxpayers are still heavily investing in these tributes today." The report also concluded that the monuments were constructed and are regularly maintained in promotion of Lost Cause, white supremacist mythology, and over the many decades of their establishment, African American leaders regularly protested these memorials and what they represented.

A small number of memorializations were made during the war, mainly as ship and place names. After the war, Robert E. Lee said on several occasions that he was opposed to any monuments, as they would, in his opinion, "keep open the sores of war". Nevertheless, monuments and memorials continued to be dedicated shortly after the American Civil War.[better source needed ] Many more monuments were dedicated in the years after 1890, when Congress established the first National Military Park at Chickamauga and Chattanooga, and by the turn of the twentieth century, five battlefields from the Civil War had been preserved: Chickamauga-Chattanooga, Antietam, Gettysburg, Shiloh, and Vicksburg. At Vicksburg National Military Park, more than 95 percent of the park's monuments were erected in the first eighteen years after the park was established in 1899.

Confederate monument-building has often been part of widespread campaigns to promote and justify Jim Crow laws in the South, and assert white supremacy. According to the American Historical Association (AHA), the erection of Confederate monuments during the early twentieth century was "part and parcel of the initiation of legally mandated segregation and widespread disenfranchisement across the South." According to the AHA, memorials to the Confederacy erected during this period "were intended, in part, to obscure the terrorism required to overthrow Reconstruction, and to intimidate African Americans politically and isolate them from the mainstream of public life." A later wave of monument building coincided with the civil rights movement, and according to the AHA "these symbols of white supremacy are still being invoked for similar purposes." According to Smithsonian Magazine, "far from simply being markers of historic events and people, as proponents argue, these memorials were created and funded by Jim Crow governments to pay homage to a slave-owning society and to serve as blunt assertions of dominance over African-Americans."

According to historian Jane Dailey from the University of Chicago, in many cases, the purpose of the monuments was not to celebrate the past but rather to promote a "white supremacist future". Another historian, Karen L. Cox, from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, has written that the monuments are "a legacy of the brutally racist Jim Crow era", and that "the whole point of Confederate monuments is to celebrate white supremacy". Another historian from UNC, James Leloudis, stated that "The funders and backers of these monuments are very explicit that they are requiring a political education and a legitimacy for the Jim Crow era and the right of white men to rule." They were erected without the consent or even input of Southern African Americans, who remembered the Civil War far differently, and who had no interest in honoring those who fought to keep them enslaved. According to Civil War historian Judith Giesberg, professor of history at Villanova University, "White supremacy is really what these participation trophy represent." Some monuments were also meant to beautify cities as part of the City Beautiful movement, although this was secondary.

In a June 2018 speech, Civil War historian James I. Robertson Jr. of Virginia Tech University said the monuments were not a "Jim Crow signal of defiance" and referred to the current trend to dismantle or destroy them as an "age of idiocy" motivated by "elements hell-bent on tearing apart unity that generations of Americans have painfully constructed." Katrina Dunn Johnson, Curator at South Carolina's Confederate Relic Room and Military Museum, states that "thousands of families throughout the country were unable to reclaim their soldier's remains--many never learned their loved ones' exact fate on the battlefield or within the prison camps. The psychological impact of such a devastating loss cannot be underestimated when attempting to understand the primary motivations behind Southern memorialization."

Many Confederate monuments were dedicated in the former Confederate states and border states in the decades following the Civil War, in many instances by Ladies Memorial Associations, United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC), United Confederate Veterans (UCV), Sons of Confederate Veterans (SCV), the Heritage Preservation Association, and other memorial organizations. Other Confederate monuments are located on Civil War battlefields. Many Confederate monuments are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, either separately or as contributing objects within listings of courthouses or historic districts. Art historians Cynthia Mills and Pamela Simpson argued, in Monuments to the Lost Cause, that the majority of Confederate monuments, of the type they define, were "commissioned by white women, in hope of preserving a positive vision of antebellum life."

In the late nineteenth century, technological innovations in the granite and bronze industries helped reduce costs and made monuments more affordable for small towns. Companies looking to capitalize on this opportunity often sold nearly identical copies of monuments to both the North and South.

Another wave of monument construction coincided with the Civil Rights Movement and the American Civil War Centennial. At least thirty-two Confederate monuments were dedicated between 2000 and 2017, including at least 7 re-dedications.

Scholarly studies of the monuments began in the 1980s. In 1983 John J. Winberry published a study which was based on data from the work of R.W. Widener. He estimated that the main building period for monuments was from 1889 to 1929 and that of the monuments erected in courthouse squares over half were built between 1902 and 1912. He determined four main locations for monuments; battlefields, cemeteries, county courthouse grounds, and state capitol grounds. Over a third of the courthouse monuments were dedicated to the dead. The majority of the cemetery monuments in his study were built in the pre-1900 period, while most of the courthouse monuments were erected after 1900. Of the 666 monuments in his study 55% were of Confederate soldiers, while 28% were obelisks. Soldiers dominated courthouse grounds, while obelisks account for nearly half of cemetery monuments. The idea that the soldier statues always faced north was found to be untrue and that the soldiers usually faced the same direction as the courthouse. He noted that the monuments were "remarkably diverse" with "only a few instances of repetition of inscriptions".

As of June 19, over 12 Confederate monuments had been vandalized in 2019, usually with paint.

As of April 2017, at least 60 symbols of the Confederacy had been removed or renamed since 2015, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). At the same time, laws in various Southern states place restrictions on, or prohibit altogether, the removal of statutes and memorials and the renaming of parks, roads, and schools.

A 2017 Reuters poll found that 54% of adults stated that the monuments should remain in all public spaces, and 27% said they should be removed, while 19% said they were unsure. The results were split along racial and political lines, with Republicans and whites preferring to keep the monuments in place, while Democrats and minorities were more likely to support their removal. A similar 2017 poll by HuffPost/YouGov found that one-third of respondents favored removal, while 49% were opposed.

Confederate monuments are widely distributed across the southern United States. The distribution pattern follows the general political boundaries of the Confederacy. Of the more than 1503 public monuments and memorials to the Confederacy, more than 718 are monuments and statues. Nearly 300 monuments and statues are in Georgia, Virginia, or North Carolina. According to one researcher, "the absence of monuments in eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina indicates those regions' Union sentiment, and the few monuments in Maryland, West Virginia, and Kentucky reflect those states' ambivalent war-time politics." The Northern States that remained part of the Union, as well as the Western States that were largely settled after the Civil War, have few or no memorials to the Confederacy.

In the National Statuary Hall Collection, in the United States Capitol, each state has provided statues of two citizens that the state wants to honor. The following Confederate figures are among them, many in Confederate Army uniforms. Dates reflect when the statue was given to the collection:

Peace Monument, also known as the Naval Monument or Civil War Sailors Monument, stands on the grounds of the United States Capitol in Peace Circle at First Street, N.W., and Pennsylvania Avenue. Erected in 1877-1878 to commemorate the naval deaths at sea during the Civil War.

The NPS describes the property as "the nation's memorial to Robert E. Lee. It honors him for specific reasons, including his role in promoting peace and reunion after the Civil War. In a larger sense it exists as a place of study and contemplation of the meaning of some of the most difficult aspects of American History: military service; sacrifice; citizenship; duty; loyalty; slavery and freedom."

There are 10 major U.S. military bases named in honor of Confederate military leaders, all in former Confederate States. In 2015 the Pentagon declared it would not be renaming these facilities, and declined to make further comment in 2017.

Several ships named for Confederate leaders fell into Union hands during the Civil War. The Union Navy retained the names of these ships while turning their guns against the Confederacy:

On October 16, 2018, the Board of Commissioners of Orange County, North Carolina (location of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, see Silent Sam), voted unanimously to repeal the county's 1959 resolution naming for Davis the portion of U.S. 15 running through the county.

See List of Confederate monuments and memorials in Alabama.

Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area: "Confederate Gulch" and "Union Gulch" both drain the side of a mineralized mountain mass northeast of Wiseman. Gold was discovered in both gulches in the early 20th century, though only Union Gulch was mined.

There are at least 57 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Arkansas.

There are no public spaces with Confederate monuments in Delaware.

There are at least 61 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Florida.

An August 2017 meeting of the Florida League of Mayors was devoted to the topic of what to do with Civil War monuments.

The current flag of Florida, adopted by popular referendum in 1900, with minor changes in 1985, contains the St. Andrew's Cross. It is believed that the Cross was added in memory of, and showing support for, the Confederacy. The addition of the Cross was proposed by Governor Francis P. Fleming, a former Confederate soldier, who was strongly committed to racial segregation.

In Florida, Robert E. Lee's birthday (January 19), Confederate Memorial Day (April 26), and Jefferson Davis's birthday (June 3) are legal holidays.

Jacksonville:

Confederate Park. It opened in 1907 as Dignan Park, named for a former chairman of the city's Board of Public Works. In 1914, the park was chosen as the location of the annual reunion of the United Confederate Veterans. The UCV chose the park as the location for a new monument to honor the Women of the Southland, and five months after the reunion the city renamed the park "Confederate Park."

Confederate monument, downtown Hemming Park (1898) "The president of Jacksonville City Council, Anna Lopez Brosche, called for all Confederate monuments to be moved from city property to a museum. The most prominent Confederate memorial in Jacksonville is a statue of a Confederate soldier that sits atop a towering pillar in Hemming Park."

Madison: Confederate monument, Four Freedoms Park (1909). Lists names of men who died from county. Nearby sits a monument to former slaves in the county.

Miami: Confederate monument, Confederate Circle in City Cemetery (1914 at the Dade County Courthouse, was moved to cemetery in 1927)

Olustee:

Battlefield monument, Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park (1912). Inscription: Here was fought on February 20, 1864 the Battle of Ocean Pond under the immediate command of General Alfred Holt Colquitt, "Hero of Olustee." This decisive engagement prevented a Sherman-like invasion of Georgia from the south. Erected April 20, 1936, by the Alfred Holt Colquitt Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy Ga. Div.

CSA Brigadier General Joseph Finnegan Monument, Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park (1912). "Placed by The United Daughters of the Confederacy Florida Division In Memory of Brig. Gen. Joseph Finegan Commander of the District of Middle and East Florida So well did he perform his part that a signal victory over the Federals was won in the Battle of Olustee Feb. 20, 1864"

Pensacola:

Florida Square was renamed Lee Square in 1889.

A 50-foot monument to Our Confederate Dead, erected in 1891, is in Lee Square. It commemorates Jefferson Davis, Pensacolian Confederate veterans Stephen R. Mallory (Secretary of the Confederate Navy) and Edward Aylesworth Perry (Confederate General and Governor of Florida 1885-1889), and "the Uncrowned Heroes of the Southern Confederacy." The mayor of Pensacola has called for its removal.

St. Augustine:

Woodville: In Loving Memory Monument, Natural Bridge Battlefield Historic State Park (1922) A plaque placed at the base of the monument in 2000 lists the names of those who died as a result of the battle.

Lake City:

Last Confederate War Widow, Oaklawn Cemetery, erected after her death in 1985. The memorial and the cemetery are along the Florida Civil War Heritage Trail.

Our Confederate Dead, Oaklawn Cemetery (1901, rededicated 1996). A tall obelisk in memory of the unnamed soldiers who died at the nearby Battle of Olustee or in the town's Confederate hospital. The cemetery is the focal point of the opening of Lake City's annual Olustee Battle Festival.

Seffner: Confederate Memorial Park, large flag visible at the intersection of Interstates 4 and 75 near Tampa (2009). At the time it was built the flag was the largest Confederate flag ever made. Its owner, Marion Lambert, descendant of three Confederate soldiers, said the origin of his project was when then-governor Jeb Bush took down the Confederate flag that flew over a door at the Florida State Capitol. He sued his home county, Hillsborough, for taking the flag out of the county seal, and lost. Granite markers there were splashed with red paint and defaced with graffiti in August 2017.

Levy County (1845), named for David Levy Yulee, a Florida businessman, senator, and strong supporter of slavery, who withdrew from the U.S. Senate in 1861 and served nine months in prison after the Civil War for supporting the Confederacy.

Pasco County (1887), named for Samuel Pasco, who fought for the CSA but spent much of the war as a prisoner of war. Pasco later became a state representative and US Senator from Florida.

Stonewall Jackson Memorial Highway, designated by UDC. Chapters placed the following markers in the state:

Hilliard: General Lee Road

Jacksonville

Confederate Point Road

Confederate Street

General Lee Road

Naples: Confederate Drive

Pensacola: Confederate Drive

Perry: North Jeff Davis Avenue

St. Cloud: Robert Lee Road

Stuart: Southeast General Lee Terrace

Tampa: Robert E. Lee Road

Panama City: city flag is quite similar to the Florida state flag with a white background and the St Andrews cross echoing the Confederate Battle Flag, but with the city seal replacing the state seal.

On April 2, 2019, Ocala mayor Kent Guinn signed a declaration declaring that April 26, 2019 would be Confederate Memorial Day. He said he has done so in previous years.

There are several places named for the Confederacy in Idaho. The settlement of Idaho coincided with the Civil War and settlers from Southern states memorialized the Confederacy with the names of several towns and natural features.

Confederate Gulch: unincorporated former mining community

Grayback Gulch: unincorporated former mining community, settled by Confederate soldiers and named for the color of their uniforms. Now a government campground

The four memorials in Illinois are in Federal cemeteries and connected with prisoners of war.

Indianapolis:
Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Garfield Park, erected, according to its inscription, "to mark the burial place of 1616 Confederate soldiers and sailors who died here as prisoners of war and whose graves cannot now be identified." Plans to remove it have been announced. As of August, 2018, it is still in place; "Parks Department spokeswoman Ronnetta Spalding says that finding a new spot to move it to has proven difficult." The plans to move it have not been abandoned.

There is one public space dedicated to the Confederacy in Kansas.

There are at least 56 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Kentucky.

Jefferson Davis Statue, Kentucky Capitol Rotunda, 1936. (Jefferson Davis was born in Kentucky.) In 2015, the all-white state Historic Properties Advisory Commission voted against removing the statue. In 2017 several prominent Republicans called for its removal.

Augusta: Confederate Monument, Payne Cemetery, 1903.

Bardstown: Confederate Monument, Bardstown/St. Joseph's Cemetery, 1903.

Covington: Veteran's Monument, Linden Grove Cemetery, 1933. It was dedicated by the American Legion and honors both Confederate and Union veterans.

Crab Orchard: Confederate Monument, Crab Orchard Cemetery, 1872.

Cynthiana: Confederate Monument, Battle Grove Cemetery, 1869.

Eminence: Confederate Soldiers Martyrs Monument, Eminence Cemetery, 1870.

Frankfort: Confederate Monument, Frankfort Cemetery, 1892.

Fulton: Confederate Monument, Fairview Cemetery, 1902.

Harrodsburg: Confederate Monument, Spring Hill Cemetery, 1902.

Hickman: Confederate Memorial Gateway, Hickman City Cemetery, 1913.

Horse Cave: Unknown Confederate Soldier Monument, Old Dixie Highway, 1934.

Jeffersontown: Confederate Martyrs Monument, Jeffersontown City Cemetery, 1904.

Lawrenceburg: Confederate Monument, Anderson County Courthouse, 1894.

Louisville:
John B. Castleman Monument, Cherokee Triangle, 1882. On the night of August 12-13, 2017, the statue and the historical marker near it were disfigured with red paint. The mayor of Louisville, Greg Fischer, on the recommendation of a Public Art and Monuments Advisory Committee that he appointed in late 2017, has said the goal is to have it removed by the end of 2018.

Midway: Martyrs Monument, Midway City Cemetery, 1890.

Morganfield: Confederate Monument, City Cemetery/Odd Fellows Cemetery, 1870.

Morgantown: Confederate-Union Veterans' Monument, Butler County Courthouse, 1907.

Mt. Sterling: Confederate Monument, Machpelan Cemetery, 1880.

Munfordville: Colonel Robert A. Smith Monument, near the Green River, 1885.

Murray: Confederate Monument, Calloway County Courthouse, 1917.

Owensboro: Confederate Monument, Daviess County Courthouse, 1900.

Owingsville: Confederate Monument, Owingsville Cemetery, 1907.

Bedford: Trimble County High School named their mascot the Raiders, in honor of John Hunt Morgan's men.

Munfordville: Hart County High School named their mascot the Raiders, in honor of John Hunt Morgan's men. Also, a large mural in the town depicts Morgan.

There are at least 91 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Louisiana.

Flag of Maryland (1904). The state flag of Maryland features the red-and-white Crossland Banner, the unofficial state flag of Maryland used by secessionists and Confederates during the American Civil War. The current state flag started appearing after the Civil War as a form of reconciliation. The flag became official in 1904.

Flag of Maryland since 1904

Cambridge
Memorial Hall, Harvard University. Stained-glass windows to commemorate various figures, among them:

Honor and Peace Window (1900). There is no inscription, but a Harvard University page ([2]) explaining the windows says: "This window commemorates those who surrendered their lives in the War of the Rebellion." Portrays two warriors, one with sword high in triumph, one kneeling in defeat, who from the ribbons can be seen to be from different but related countries.

Student and Soldier Window (1889). Soldier wears gray uniform.

There are at least 20 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Missouri.

Brookline: Missouri State Guard Monument (2001)

Centralia: Boone County Confederate Memorial (1935)

Dexter: Frenchman's Spring Monument (1996). A natural gathering place for soldiers. In July, 1861, 2,000 soldiers from 15 southeast Missouri counties met to organize as the First Division, Missouri State Guard - the pro-Confederate state militia, known as the Swamp Fox Brigade.

Higginsville: Confederate Memorial State Historic Site; also called "Lion of Lucerne" (1906)

Kansas City:

Keytesville: Sterling Price Monument, Price Park (1915)

Marshall: Confederate Monument of Saline (1901)

Naosho: Considered the state capital by Confederates, has two memorials

Roanoke: Shelby's Homecoming Monument (1997)

Springfield: Two monuments are located at Springfield National Cemetery: the Monument to Confederate Soldiers of Missouri and General Sterling Price (1901), and a UDC granite marker to the unknown Confederate dead at the Battle of Wilson's Creek (1958). In late August, 2017, someone threw paint on it; as of October, 2018, it is one of 7 cemeteries with Confederate monuments that the Veterans Administration has under 24-hour guard.

Waverly: CSA Gen. Joseph O. Shelby Statue (2009).

There are at least four public spaces with Confederate monuments in New York.

Governor Andrew Cuomo has twice requested the Army, unsuccessfully, to have these streets renamed.

There are at least 140 public spaces with Confederate monuments in North Carolina.

Willoughby: Willoughby South High School dropped its Confederate uniformed mascot and removed all remaining Confederate imagery from the school while retaining the Rebels team name and school colors grey and blue. In 1993 the school dropped Stars and Bars as the school song and removed Confederate imagery from school uniforms.

There are at least 13 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Oklahoma.

Ardmore:

Confederate Monument (1910) at Oklahoma Veterans Center (formerly Oklahoma Confederate Home) has pair (CSA and Union) monuments.

Confederate Monument (2013) at Rose Hill Cemetery

Durant:

Confederate Soldier Statue at Bryan County Courthouse, erected in 1917 by UDC. Dedicated in 1918.

Confederate Monument at Highland Cemetery

Hugo: Rose Hill

Rentiesville:
Texas Confederates Memorial in Honey Springs Battlefield by UDC

Oklahoma City: school board studying renaming in 2017

Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1910)

Jackson Elementary School (1910)

Wheeler Elementary School (1910)

Jackson County (1907) sources dispute if the name is for the CSA General or President Jackson

Town of Stonewall (1874) for Stonewall Jackson

There are at least three public spaces with Confederate monuments in Pennsylvania.

Gettysburg: Gettysburg Battlefield. In addition to the monuments listed below, the battlefield features monuments to specific Confederate units.

Alabama State Monument (1933), Joseph Urner, sculptor.

Arkansas State Monument (1966)

"Armistead's Last Stand" Marker, for Brig. Gen. Lewis A. Armistead (1887)

Army of Northern Virginia Marker (1908)

Culp Brothers Memorial (2013), Gary Casteel, sculptor, near entrance Gettysburg Heritage Center. Honors brothers who fought on opposite sides: Confederate Private Wesley Culp and Union Lieutenant William Culp ("Brother against Brother").

Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's Headquarters Marker (1920)

Florida State Monument (1963)

Georgia State Monument (1961)

High Water Mark of the Rebellion Monument (1892)

Lt. Gen. Ambrose P. Hill's Headquarters Marker (1920)

Gen. Robert E. Lee Equestrian Statue (1917), atop the Virginia State Monument

Gen. Robert E. Lee Headquarters Marker (1920)

Lt. Gen. James Longstreet Equestrian Statue (1998)

Lt. Gen. James Longstreet Headquarters Marker (1907)

Louisiana State Monument (1971), Donald De Lue, sculptor

Maryland State Monument (1994). Honors Maryland soldiers on both the Union and Confederate sides.

Mississippi State Monument (1973), Donald De Lue, sculptor

North Carolina State Monument (1929), Gutzon Borglum, sculptor. Borglum was also the first sculptor on the Stone Mountain#Confederate Memorial project.

North Carolina Memorial Tablet

Soldiers and Sailors of the Confederacy Monument (1965), Donald De Lue, sculptor

South Carolina State Monument (1963)

Tennessee State Monument (1982)

Texas State Monument (1964)

Virginia State Monument (1917), Frederick William Sievers, sculptor. Features a larger-than-life sculpture group, "Virginia to Her Sons at Gettysburg;" and is topped by an equestrian statue of Gen. Robert E. Lee. The National Park Service says the monument will not be removed.

Philadelphia: Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument (1911), Philadelphia National Cemetery. Commemorates 184 Confederate prisoners of war who died in Philadelphia area hospitals and camps.

Gettysburg: Confederate Avenue

McConnellsburg: Confederate Lane

There are at least 112 public spaces with Confederate monuments in South Carolina.

There are at least 80 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Tennessee. The Tennessee Heritage Protection Act (2016) and a 2013 law restrict the removal of statues and memorials.

The Tennessee legislature designated Confederate Decoration Day, the origin of Memorial Day, as June 3, and in 1969 designated January 19 and July 13, their birthdays, as Robert E. Lee Day and Nathan Bedford Forrest day respectively.

Beechgrove:

Nathan Bedford Forrest monument, in Beechgrove Confederate Cemetery.

Memorial to the 20th Tennessee Volunteer Infantry (2008), in Beechgrove Confederate Cemetery.

Denmark: Britton Lane Confederate Monument (1897)

Franklin: Confederal "Funeral Rest" Memorial, Rose Hill Cemetery

Gallatin: Confederate Soldiers Monument (1903)

Hamilton County: Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park. Numerous monuments and memorials to Confederate soldiers and units, as well as Union monuments.

Humboldt: Confederate Monument (1900), Bailey Park

Knoxville:

A stone monument was erected in 1914 by the United Daughters of the Confederacy at the corner of 17th Street and Laurel Avenue, in the Fort Sanders neighborhood, defaced in August 2017.

Civil War Memorial (1901), Knoxville National Cemetery

Monument to the Confederate dead (1892), Bethel Avenue

Historical marker, with Confederate flag, in front of Immaculate Conception Church, for Father Abram Ryan, called "Poet of the Confederacy".

Lebanon:

Confederate Memorial Gen. Hatton Statue (1912)

Rutherford County: grounds around the County Courthouse contain a 1901 monument to the Confederacy and a 2011 memorial to those from the County who served in the Army of Tennessee.

Mount Pleasant: Confederate Monument (1907)

Mulberry: Confederate Memorial (1909)

Murfreesboro: Confederate Circle in Evergreen Cemetery was established in 1891 as a memorial to approximately 2,000 Confederate soldiers whose remains were reinterred there.

Pulaski:
Seventh Kentucky Mounted Infantry Memorial (1911)

Union City

Confederate Monument, Kiwanis Park (1909)

Confederate Monument to Unknown Soldiers, Old Soldiers' Cemetery, Summer Street at Edwards Street (1869)

Nashville
Nathan Bedford Forrest Statue, made of fiberglass over foam, 25 feet high, on private land near Interstate 65, installed in 1998, built with private money. It is surrounded by Confederate battle flags, constituting what the owner calls "Confederate Flag Park." (No government recognizes it as a park, and the entrance is chained shut with a "No Trespassing" sign.) The giant statue is visible from the highway to anyone entering the city from the south. It has been called "hideous" and "ridiculous." There have been numerous calls for its removal. Tennessee Governor Bill Haslam said: "It's not a statue that I like and [ sic ] that most Tennesseans are proud of in any way." Former Nashville Mayor Megan Barry called the statue "an offensive display of hatred." In 2015, Nashville's Metro Council voted to petition the Tennessee Department of Transportation to plant obscuring vegetation; the Department declined, because it is private land. ("Never mind that the T.D.O.T. itself removed the obscuring vegetation back in 1998, when the statue was first erected.") There has been occasional vandalism; in December 2017 it was covered in "pussy-hat pink" paint, which Bill Dorris, current owner of the land, says he intends to leave. He also said that if trees are planted to block the view from I-65, he "would make the statue taller." It was sculpted, at no charge, by notorious racist Jack Kershaw, an attorney for Martin Luther King's murderer, famous for having said "Somebody needs to say a good word for slavery."

Chapel Hill: Forrest High School

Paris: Robert E. Lee School

Sewanee: The University of the South: "Nowhere is the issue of Confederate remembrance more nettlesome than at Sewanee, whose origin[s] are entwined with the antebellum South and the Confederacy." Confederate flags are in stained glass windows of the chapel, as is the Seal of the Confederacy. It benefited greatly at its founding by a large gift from John Armfield, at one time co-owner of Franklin and Armfield, the largest and most prosperous slave trading enterprise in the country. Students as late as 1871 were required to wear uniforms of "cadet gray cloth". Confederate flags hung in the chapel from its dedication in 1909 until the mid-1990s when they were removed "reportedly to improve acoustics". There is an official portrait hanging at the University of Bishop Leonidas Polk, "an ardent defender of slavery," who was in charge of the celebration of the cornerstone laying in 1857, and said the new university will "materially aid the South to resist and repel a fanatical domination which seeks to rule over us." He resigned his ecclesiastical position to become a major general in the Confederate army (called "Sewanee's Fighting Bishop"), and died in battle in 1864. His official portrait at the University depicts him dressed as a bishop with his army uniform hanging nearby. However, his portrait was moved from Convocation Hall to Archives and Special Collections in 2015. The Confederate flag was also emblazoned on the university mace that led processions marking the beginning and ending of the term from 1965 until 1997. At a special chapel service to celebrate Jefferson Davis' birthday, the Ceremonial Mace was consecrated to the memory of Nathan Bedford Forrest, the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, by Bishop Charles C. J. Carpenter of Alabama - one of the clergy who opposed Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s activities in Birmingham in 1963 (see A Call for Unity), prompting King to write his "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" in response.

The Vice Chancellor is the chief academic officer at the university; the chancellor is a bishop of the Episcopal church. Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee both turned down offers of the position. (Sewanee has a portrait of Davis.) The first vice chancellor was Rt. Rev. Charles Todd Quintard, called "chaplain of the Confederacy". He compiled the Confederate Soldiers' Pocket Manual of Devotions (Charleston, 1863).

The university's chief donor was John Armfield, at the time co-owner of Franklin and Armfield, the largest slave-trading firm in the U.S. He purchased the site and gave the university an endowment of $25,000 a year. In addition to Polk, Bishop Stephen Elliott, the first and only Presiding Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America, and Bishop James Hervey Otey, later prominent in the Confederacy, were significant founders of the university. Generals Edmund Kirby Smith, Josiah Gorgas, and Francis A. Shoup were prominent in the university's postbellum revival and continuance.

Tullahoma: Robert E. Lee Elementary (1964)

Pigeon Forge: "Rebel Railroad" was a small theme park built in 1961, its main attraction being a simulated Confederate steam train which afforded "'good Confederate citizens' the opportunity to ride a five mile train route through 'hostile' territory and to help repel a Yankee assault on the train". Rebel Railroad was purchased in 1970 by Art Modell, owner of the Cleveland Browns. In 2018 it is operating under the name Dollywood.

There are at least 178 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Texas. "Nowhere has the national re-examination of Confederate emblems been more riven with controversy than the Lone Star State."

The reverse side of the Seal of Texas (1992) includes "the unfurled flags of the Kingdom of France, the Kingdom of Spain, the United Mexican States, the Republic of Texas, the Confederate States of America, and the United States of America". The Confederate flag is rendered as the Stars and Bars.

Many monuments were donated by pro-Confederacy groups like Daughters of the Confederacy. County governments at the time voted to accept the gifts and take ownership of the statues.

Aspermont: Historical marker, "County Named for Confederate Hero Stonewall Jackson", Stonewall County Courthouse (1963)

Bastrop: Monuments at Bastrop County Courthouse include:
Confederate Soldiers' Monument (1910)

Corsicana: Call to Arms (Confederate Soldiers' Monument), by Louis Amateis (1907), Navarro County Courthouse. A Civil War bugler stands in uniform holding a bugle to his mouth with his proper right hand. He holds a sword in his proper left hand at his side. He wears a hat with a feather in it and knee-high boots. A bedroll is slung over his proper left shoulder and strapped across his chest and proper right hip. The sculpture is mounted on a rectangular base. "Isaac O'Haver was a member of Co K of the 17th VA Cavalry. He was a 17 year-old bugler for his unit. He was born Sep. 20, 1844 and died at the age of 27 on March 30, 1872. He is buried at the Ladoga Cemetery." The plaques on the monument read:

South side: The Call to Arms Erected 1907 by Navarro chapter United Daughters of the Confederacy To commemorate the valor and heroism of our Confederate Soldiers It is not in the power of mortals to command success The Confederate Soldier did more - he deserved it. "But their fame on brightest pages penned by poets and by pages Shall go sounding down the ages"

West side: "Nor shall your glory be fought while fame her record keeps or honor points the hollowed spot where valor proudly sleeps" "Tell it as you may It never can be told Sing it as you Will It never can be sung The Story of the Glory of the men who wore the gray"

East side: "It is a duty we owe the dead who died for us: - But where memories can never die - It is a duty we owe to posterity to see that our children shall know the virtues And rise worthy of their sires".

North side: The soldiers of the Southern Confederacy fought valiantly for The liberty of state bequeathed them By their forefathers of 1776 "Who Glorified Their righteous cause and they who made The sacrifice supreme in That they died To keep their country free"

Denton: Denton Confederate Soldier Monument, Denton County Courthouse. Cost $2,000; a project of the Denton Chapter, UDC. Dedicated June 3, 1918, Jefferson Davis's birthday. It had "whites only" drinking fountains on each side. In 2015 it was defaced with the words "THIS IS RACIST" in red paint. The twenty-year campaign of a Denton resident, Willie Hudspeth, to have the monument removed was the subject of a news video in 2018. After the wave of Confederate monument removals that followed the 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, and in large part as a result of Hudspeth's campaign, a county 15-person Confederate Memorial Committee met for three months in 2017-18 and recommended "adding context" - two video kiosks and a large plaque, "with interviews about local veterans and the history of slavery" - to the monument rather than removing it, a suggestion accepted unanimously by the county commissioners. Once the nature of the historical context has been determined, approval of the Texas Historical Commission will be required. As of September, 2018, "the county still does not have a timeline for completing the project and...there were no updates to report". The video caught the attention of Kali Holloway, director of the Make It Right Project, which is working to remove Confederate monuments. She added the Denton monument to the group's "top 10 list" of monuments they consider priorities.

Galveston: Dignified Resignation (1909) by Louis Amateis at the Galveston County Courthouse. With his back turned to the US flag while carrying a Confederate flag, it is the only memorial in Texas to feature a Confederate sailor. It was "erected to the soldiers and sailors of the Confederate States of America." An inscription on the plaque reads, "there has never been an armed force which in purity of motives intensity of courage and heroism has equaled the army and navy of the Confederate States of America."

Alpine: CSA Gen. Lawrence "Sul" Ross Monument (1963)

Athens: Henderson County Confederate Monument (1964)

Austin:

Hood's Texas Brigade Monument, Texas State Capitol

Littlefield Fountain, University of Texas, commemorates George W. Littlefield, a university regent and CSA officer. An inscription reads, "To the men and women of the Confederacy who fought with valor and suffered with fortitude that states [sic] rights be maintained."

Texas Confederate Women's and Men's Historical Markers, at 3710 Cedar St. and 1600 W. Sixth, commemorate campgrounds built to house and care for widows, wives, and veterans of the Confederacy.

Beaumont: "Our Confederate Soldiers" Monument (1912)

Clarksville: Confederate Soldier Monument (1912)

Cleburne: Cleburne Monument (2010)

Coleman: Hometown of Texas CSA Col. James E. McCord Monument (1963)

Corpus Christi: Queen of the Sea (1914; restored 1990), bas-relief by Pompeo Coppini; UDC-sponsored Confederate memorial featuring an allegorical female figure - representing Corpus Christie - holding keys of success while receiving blessings from Mother Earth and Father Neptune, who are standing next to her. "Coppini was abhorrent of war", and in Queen of the Sea "he crafted a sculpture that symbolized peace and captured the spirit of Corpus Christi".

Greenville: Confederate Soldier Monument (1926)

Holliday: Stonewall Jackson Camp 249 Monument (1999)

Kermit: Col. C.M. Winkler Monument (1963)

Marshall:

Confederate Capitol of Missouri Monument (1963)

Confederate Monument (1906)

Home of Last Texas Confederate Gov. Pendleton Murrah Monument (1963)

Miami: Col. O.M. Roberts Monument (1963)

Hempstead: The Liendo Plantation was a center for Confederate recruiting efforts and held Union prisoners during the war. Now it holds battle reenactments and demonstrations of Civil War era Confederate life at its annual Civil War Weekend.

8 Hood County (1866) named for CSA General John Bell Hood

Columbus: Confederate Memorial Museum. Located in an unusual building, built in 1883, that formerly was the town's water tower, and in the base its Fire Station. It is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark. Curated by UDC, which purchased the building from the town in 1926, when its water system was modernized and the unneeded tower building put up for sale. According to the UDC it holds a collection of artifacts from Civil War soldiers of Columbus and Colorado County. It is a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, dedicated, according to UDC, to the veterans of all wars, although the museum holds only Confederate artifacts.

White Settlement: Texas Civil War Museum, opened 2006. It is pro-Confederacy, and the UDC has permanently one of the three seats on its board. Has material from the former Texas Confederate Museum in Austin, which closed in 1988.

Davis Mountains State Park (1938) named for the mountain range

Davis Mountains (geographic feature in West Texas around and named for Fort Davis)

Holliday: Stonewall Jackson Campground

Lakeside, Tarrant County: Confederate Park. The two Confederate flags displayed on each side of the park's marker were removed by the Texas Department of Public Transportation in 2017. Marker text:

Site of Confederate Park // Local businessman Khleber M. Van Zandt organized the Robert E. Lee Camp of the United Confederate Veterans in 1889. By 1900 it boasted more than 700 members. The Club received a 25-year charter to create the Confederate Park Association in 1901, then purchased 373 acres (151 ha) near this site for the "recreation, refuge and relief of Confederate soldiers" and their families. Opening events included a picnic for veterans and families on June 20, 1902, and a statewide reunion September 8-12, 1902, with 3,500 attendees. The park thrived as a center for the civil and social activities on Texas Confederate organizations. By 1924 the numbers [ sic ] of surviving veterans had greatly diminished, and the Confederate Park Association dissolved when its charter expired in 1926.

Note: "There are similarly named streets in towns and cities across east Texas, notably Port Arthur and Beaumont, as well as memorials to Dowling and the Davis Guards, not least at Sabine Pass, where the battleground is now preserved as a state park"

Dallas:

Albert Sidney Johnston Elementary School

John H. Reagan Elementary School

Robert E. Lee Elementary School

Stonewall Jackson Elementary School (1939)

Sidney Lanier Expressive Arts Vanguard Elementary School

Eagle Pass: Robert E. Lee Elementary School

Gainesville: Robert E. Lee Intermediate School

Grand Prairie: Robert E. Lee Elementary School (1948)

Marshall: Robert E. Lee Elementary School

Rosenberg: B. F. Terry High School. Named for Confederate hero Benjamin Franklin Terry.

San Antonio: Robert E. Lee High School (1958). After voting against a name change in 2015, the school board voted in August 2017 to change the name of the school. In October, district trustees voted 5-2 to name the school Legacy of Educational Excellence, or LEE High School. Its mascot is currently the Volunteer and the school colors are red and grey. Its pep squad, currently called the Southern Belles, were once called the Confederates. Its varsity dance team and junior varsity drill team are respectively named the Rebel Rousers and Dixie Drillers.

Stonewall: Stonewall Elementary School

There are at least 223 public spaces with Confederate monuments in Virginia, more than in any other state. Virginia also has numerous schools, highways, roads and other public infrastructure named for Confederates. Lee-Jackson Day is a State holiday.

At least two private properties contain a Confederate memorial or fly a CSA flag:

The monument has been vandalized repeatedly. In 2005, "the flag insignia, bayonets, and a plaque with Robert E. Lee on it were stolen, but then restored". Following the Charleston church shooting of 2015, "Fuck White Supremacy" was painted on it. On July 5, 2018, "several parts of the 10-ton piece of granite [were] smashed, including a portion of the monument's inscription, insignia, and relief of Robert E. Lee."

Also in 2015, a petition was started to have it removed. In 2017 Seattle Mayor Ed Murray called for it to be taken down, saying it represents "historic injustices" and is a symbol of hate, racism, and violence. After the Mayor's statement, the Cemetery closed for several days because of threats related to the monument.

In October, 2018, the Make It Right Project put up a billboard in Seattle, saying: "Hey Seattle, there's a Confederate Memorial in your backyard".

Bartow, initially an 1861 Confederate encampment, Camp Bartow, named for the late Confederate Colonel Francis Bartow.

Charleston: Stonewall Jackson Middle School occupies the building that housed the former Stonewall Jackson High School.

Prairie du Chien: United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) monument to Jefferson Davis at Fort Crawford Cemetery Soldiers' Lot. Davis served briefly at Fort Crawford. The text on the plaque reads, "JEFFERSON DAVIS, 1808 - 1889, Lieutenant United States Army, Assigned Fort Crawford 1831, Served here with distinction during Black Hawk War, Hero in Mexican War 1846-1848, United States Congressman, Senator, Secretary of War, President Confederate States of America, 1861-1865, Erected by The United Daughters of the Confederacy"

In 1865, at the end of the American Civil War, a substantial number of Southerners left the South; many moved to other parts of the United States, such as the American West, but a few left the country entirely. The most popular country of Southerners emigration was Brazil, which still allowed slavery and wanted to encourage cotton production. These emigrants were known as Confederados. A Confederate monument was erected in the city of Americana, São Paulo state, Brazil.

Kitchener, Ontario: Eastwood Collegiate Institute (1956), a public high school, replaced its Johnny Rebel mascot and Confederate imagery, perceived as associated with white bigotry, with Rebel Lion in 1999. The school retains the Rebel name for its teams.

Tuam: Ireland commemorated CSA Major Richard W. Dowling, who was born in the Tuam, with a bronze memorial plaque on the Town Hall bearing his image and life story. Text of plaque: "Major Richard W. (Dick) Dowling C.S.A., 1837-1867 Born Knock, Tuam; Settled Houston Texas, 1857; Outstanding business and civic leader; Joined Irish Davis Guards in American Civil War; With 47 men foiled Invasion of Texas by 5000 federal troops at Sabine Pass, 8 Sept 1863, a feat of superb gunnery; formed first oil company in Texas; Died aged 30 of yellow fever. This plaque was unveiled by Col. J.B. Collerain 31 May 1998"

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List of Confederate monuments and memorials

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This is a list of Confederate monuments and memorials that were established as public displays and symbols of the Confederate States of America (CSA), Confederate leaders, or Confederate soldiers of the American Civil War.

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A-Made by american battlefield trust.
A-Yes it supported by facts.
P-To show and tell you about 10 battle monuments.

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Fact #1: Most battlefield monuments, markers, and tablets were erected by veterans specifically for future generations to learn who did what, where, and when.

Civil War veterans were proud of their service and by the early 1880s were concerned by rapid changes taking hold of some battlefields. The population was growing, towns were expanding, and if something were not done quickly, these fields of battle may have been lost forever. While a battlefield preserve had been established at Gettysburg as the war still raged, the first National Military Park was established at Chickamauga and Chattanooga in 1890. At Chickamauga, veterans from both sides rallied together to create a "park capable of providing an accurate tool for military study." Today, military units from around the world utilize the National Park Service's battlefield parks, as well as the thousands of monuments and markers that help them to understand where the battle unfolded, why decisions were made, and how the lessons from the past can be implements on battlefields of the future.

Fact #2: There are more than 6,000 markers, monuments, and tablets on Civil War battlefields.

As early as 1865, Civil War veterans began placing monuments to commemorate their wartime actions. By the mid-1880s, memorialization of Civil War battlefields was reaching a fever pitch. Hundreds of monuments and thousands of markers began to spring up over the next three decades. A vast majority of these monuments, markers and tablets denote Civil War units, rather than individual military figures. Many of the monuments were erected with private funds, but the placement of most of the markers and tablets was overseen, and paid for, by federal or state governments on newly acquired battlefield land at Chickamauga-Chattanooga, Gettysburg, Shiloh, Vicksburg and Antietam.

Fact #3: Battlefield memorialization was most often supervised by federal government commissions, comprised of Union and Confederate veterans.

Most early battlefield parks had a commission that oversaw their development. This included, but was not limited to, purchasing land, overseeing installation of park roads, placing monuments and tablets, and more. These commissions consisted of former veterans from both sides, most of whom participated in the relevant battle. For example, the Antietam Battlefield Board was made up of two former Union officers, Ezra Carmen and George B. Davis, and former Confederate officer Jedediah Hotchkiss.

Fact #4: The majority of the first monuments were constructed by Union veterans.

As early as 1865, Union veterans went back to the fields on which they fought to memorialize their deeds and their fallen comrades. In the days before national parks, veterans would purchase small plots of land from local farmers, churches and municipalities. From there, the veterans would employ a sculptor and/or monument manufacturer to design and build their monument. Some purchased their monument from a catalog; you may see the same soldier adorn a Union monument at Gettysburg and a Confederate monument at Chattanooga. The majority of Union monuments were placed from 1880 to 1918.

Confederate monuments were not as quick to spring up. Due to the shattered Southern economy, early monument funds were raised by the wives, widows and daughters of former Confederate soldiers. By holding book sales and tea parties, these ladies raised funds and started placing monuments. The majority of Confederate monuments were placed from 1900 to 1918, with a resurgence during the Civil War Centennial era of 1957-1965.

Fact #5: Battlefield monuments serve numerous purposes.

The majority of monuments on battlefields denote the position and movements of military units during given battles. Some markers simply denote geography. Other monuments depict the deeds of heroic men and women, such as the Clara Barton monument at Antietam, a forward aid station near the Wheatfield at Gettysburg, and the last-ditch stand at Chickamauga's Horseshoe Ridge. They show us that battlefields were more than places of combat-they were, and are, places of quiet remembrance. Long after the Civil war, they were utilized by the U.S. Army as training grounds. One marker at Gettysburg denotes the site of Camp Colt, a World War I tank training camp overseen by a young captain named Dwight D. Eisenhower. Above all, the monuments, memorials and tablets serve as a reminder of the sacrifice made by the men and women of the armed forces.

Fact #6: Because of their monuments, battlefields are also outdoor sculpture parks.

Civil War memorials are filled with symbolism, employing the artistic traditions of their respective time periods, from the 1860s to the present. Influential sculptors such as Felix de Weldon, creator of the Marine Corps War Memorial in Arlington; Gutzon Borglum, the force behind Mount Rushmore; and Augustus Saint-Gaudens, whose work has been showcased in the Musée d'Orsay and Metropolitan Museum of Art, shaped some of the most famous Civil War monuments.

Sculptors took the job seriously. Noted artist and sculptor James Kelly created a number of famous Civil War monuments. His process included meeting with the subject (if they were still alive) and their colleagues; then he studied photographs and portraits from the time period. His statue of Gen. John Buford at Gettysburg was initially panned by friends of the deceased horseman, since Kelly did not place Buford atop a horse. One critic even suggested that it would be better for him "to stay home and not attend the unveiling." But once the work was unveiled, a former classmate of Buford's exclaimed, "I knew Buford at West Point, served with him in the Mexican War and saw him at Gettysburg. The proportions are good-the character is good. That's Buford!"

Fact #7: Early national cemeteries played host to monuments.

The national cemeteries at Antietam, Chattanooga, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Shiloh and other battlefields predate the founding of many battlefield parks. Today, some 130 cemeteries are part of the National Cemetery System. Because the graveyards were protected ground, and the cemetery grounds were usually located near or on a major battlefield feature, some monuments were placed in and among the headstones.
The first complete stone memorial erected at Gettysburg is an urn dedicated to the 1 st Minnesota Infantry, which sits in the Minnesota section of Soldiers National Cemetery. Shiloh National Cemetery is nestled on the banks of the Tennessee River, and was once part of the Federal defensive line; one of the Federal monuments in the cemetery is to the 9 th Illinois Infantry. Fredericksburg National Cemetery, atop famed Marye's Heights, contains several Federal monuments as well as a monument to a Confederate unit, Parker's Battery, which fought there in the Second Battle of Fredericksburg.

Fact #8: The legs of generals horses on equestrian monuments at Gettysburg do not tell you if they were wounded or killed.

One myth that persists to this day has to do with the mounted general officers memorialized at Gettysburg. Some early guides claimed that if a mounted officer's horse had all of its feet on the ground (that is, on the monument), this meant that the officer had come out of the battle unscathed. If one foot was in the air, they had been wounded. If two were in the air, they had been killed. While this is a wonderful anecdote and happens to align in some cases, it is not true, and the sculptors of these monuments said so.

Fact #9: Some park commissions tried to differentiate between Union and Confederate tablets and markers.

The hundreds of tablets and markers that dot some Civil War battlefields can make it hard to follow the action and differentiate between Union and Confederate units. The early park commission at Gettysburg designed the bases of its monuments to differentiate between the two sides. For example, a Union brigade's tablet is situated on a square granite base, while Confederate brigade markers are placed on round bases. At Shiloh, a variety of different shapes and colors are used on its tablets-blue for some Union, red for Confederates, black for campsites, and yellow for the Army of the Ohio.

Fact #10: Monuments are not always accurately placed on battlefields.

Park commissioners were often challenged on monument locations. Many times, the early parks did not own the land on which a unit fought. Veterans looked to rectify this by placing text on the monument that would help clarify where they actually fought. A monument might state "300 yards north of here," or "500 yards south of here." Commissions also wanted to avoid haphazard placement of monuments. At Gettysburg, this meant that monuments had to be placed along the main line of battle. The problem is that units move around a lot, and these locations were at times arbitrary and vague. This approach helped to make monument placement uniform, but it also kept Confederate monuments away from Union monuments. For example, Confederate units attacking Little Round Top entered the battle along Warfield and Seminary ridges, up to one mile away from the main Union battle line. While former Confederates fought with the commissions to place monuments closer to where they had engaged the Federals, they were overruled at almost every turn.

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10 Facts: Civil War Battlefield Monuments, Markers, and Tablets

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Civil War veterans were proud of their service and by the early 1880s were concerned by rapid changes taking hold of some battlefields. The population was growing, towns were expanding, and if something were not done quickly, these fields of battle may have been lost forever.

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C-Made in 2017.
R-Yes it relates to my topic.               made by max kutner on newsweek
A-Yes its supported.
P-It tells you what they do to the statues after they are taken down they say that they are moving them.

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In the early hours on Wednesday, a work crew in Baltimore, flanked by police officers, took down monuments across the city dedicated to the Confederacy. The city council had voted on Monday for their removal, and the mayor issued the order. The statues included depictions of the southern generals Robert E. Lee and Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. The mayor has suggested the statues be relocated to Confederate cemeteries in other states.

Less than two days earlier, in Durham, North Carolina, on Monday evening, protesters had looped a yellow strap around a tall statue of a Confederate soldier that stood outside a courthouse for almost a century. Members of the group yanked the strap, toppling the statue and drawing cheers from the ground. Protesters then ran up to the statue, mangled from the fall, and began stomping on it.

Soon after, North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper, a Democrat, tweeted, "The racism and deadly violence in Charlottesville is unacceptable but there is a better way to remove these monuments." He was referring to the protests and counter-protests in Charlottesville, Virginia, on August 12 that resulted in one death. Those protests involved a Confederate monument, too: an equestrian statue of General Lee that dates to 1924. The city council had voted to remove the statue, a decision that opponents are fighting.

Cities, states and other municipalities, as well as universities, have been struggling with what to do with their Confederate iconography. As of April 2016, there were 718 such monuments and statues on public property in the United States, according to the Southern Poverty Law Center. Debate over those monuments has flared since the deadly mass shooting at a Charleston, South Carolina, church by a white supremacist in 2015. State or local governments have made at least 100 attempts to remove or alter the monuments, the Southern Poverty Law Center said. And since the recent violence in Charlottesville, where a white supremacist is suspected of plowing a car into a group of counter-protesters, killing a woman, cities and activists seem to be giving new attention to the statues issue.
Related: The fight over Confederate monuments is influencing politics
But despite how widespread the debate over Confederate statues has become, there appears to be no standard way for deciding where they should go when jurisdictions remove them.

In June, the city of Orlando sent a statue of "Johnny Reb," a personification of the south, to a section of a local cemetery that is dedicated to southern Civil War veterans. Elsewhere in Florida, in July, a chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy agreed to accept a statue from the city of Gainesville. (The organization had erected the monument in 1904.) That was after a local history museum declined to accept it, and a veterans group objected to its transfer to a park, according to a local report. On Monday, workers hired by the organization removed the monument "with little fanfare," as the Associated Press put it.

Some municipalities have been eager to accept monuments from those that have removed them. In May, the small city of Brandenburg, Kentucky, welcomed a memorial to Confederate soldiers that the University of Louisville had removed last November. Brandenburg Mayor Ronnie Joyner says that as a debate was occurring in Louisville over what to do with the monument, a local historian emailed him to ask if his city would be interested in taking it. "We said yes, we were definitely interested in it," Joyner says. So he went to Louisville and gave a presentation and, he says, "evidently they liked it."

Joyner believed it was important to secure the monument because of its history. "I don't look at it as a black versus white issue, I don't look at it as a slavery issue," he says. "This is a monument that is dedicated to Confederate veterans." Five plaques will accompany the monument explaining its history. The mayor says he saw the news about the toppling of the statue in Durham: "Maybe that's the trend of some of the places in the big city. I just hope that doesn't come here."

In the wake of the Charleston church shooting, the executive of Montgomery County, Maryland, decided a statue that had stood since 1913 on county-owned property in the city of Rockville had to go. "We looked at a variety of options," says Matthew Logan, executive director of the Montgomery County Historical Society, whose help the county enlisted to relocate the statue. The historical society offered to take it, but the society sits on city land and the city declined the offer. "The county was basically left with looking for a private location," he says.

In July, the local government gave the statue to White's Ferry, a private cable ferry service based in Dickerson, Maryland, that brings passengers across the Potamac River and has a store and grill and rents canoes. The ferry runs the same route as one that predated the Civil War, according to its owners. "I'm glad to have it at White's Ferry. I have no objection to it," says R. Edwin Brown, 97, who has helped run the ferry since it returned to service in 1946. If any customers "object to it," he says, they can drive some 30 miles north and "go take the bridge across the river."

But Brown adds that he might have been more reluctant to accept the statue if he knew the extent to which the local news would cover its relocating to his ferry landing. "I like to think to accomodate the county was the proper thing to do," he says.

When governments or institutions wait to find a home for removed monuments, the statues remain in limbo, sometimes at city warehouses. That is the case in New Orleans, where local authorities are considering proposals for the future of the four monuments it removed in the spring. "The city is in the process of determining a more appropriate place to display the statues post-removal, such as a museum or other site, where they can be placed in their proper historical context from a dark period of American history," the city said in May in a press release. The statues were placed in "city-owned warehouses or secure facilities." Only nonprofits and governments can submit proposals for the monuments, and they cannot be displayed outdoors on public property in the city, the release said.

Thomas Payne, the executive director of Beauvoir, the Mississippi estate that houses the Jefferson Davis Presidential Library, told The Times-Picayune in May that he had sought to take one or more of the monuments. "Our interest is in preserving history, and we certainly don't want history to be erased or otherwise eliminated," he said. A spokesperson for Beauvoir declined to comment on Tuesday.

Two institutions that say they will not be accepting Confederate monuments are Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, which is partly named for General Lee, and the Smithsonian, according to representatives for those places, disputing prior reports that the New Orleans monuments could go there. "The Smithsonian does not collect monuments or memorials," Smithsonian chief spokesperson Linda St. Thomas says by email. "The Civil War, protest movements, segregation, the civil rights movement and many other eras in American history are well represented in our collections."

Why not just destroy the statues, as one city council member in Baltimore suggested after the removal of the monuments there on Monday? Historians have argued for their preservation. "It is vital that we keep these things and use them as symbols for our memory," says Logan, from the Montgomery County Historical Society. Without them, he continues, people might not "realize how far we've come and the process that it took." But teaching that history should happen in museums, not public spaces," he says, "so that it's understood that you're looking at a historical relic as opposed to a symbol of current values."

Republican lawmakers in some places have opposed the removal of statues, and Alabama passed a law in May that prevents local jurisdictions from removing or renaming monuments that are more than 40 years old without state approval. During a press conference on Tuesday, President Donald Trump weighed in on the monuments issue, explaining his opposition to their removal: "Are we going to take down statues to George Washington? How about Thomas Jefferson?... You're changing history. You're changing culture."

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Where do Confederate statues go after they're removed?

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In the early hours on Wednesday, a work crew in Baltimore, flanked by police officers, took down monuments across the city dedicated to the Confederacy. The city council had voted on Monday for their removal, and the mayor issued the order. The statues included depictions of the southern generals Robert E.

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A-Made by fox news.
A-Yes its supported by facts.
P-It tells you which civil war statues were taken down.

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More than 30 cities across the United States have removed or relocated Confederate statues and monuments amid an intense nationwide debate about race and history.

After a "Unite the Right" rally in Virginia in August to protest against the removal of a statue of Robert E. Lee resulted in the death of a woman who was demonstrating against white supremacy, other cities have decided to remove Confederate statues.

Many of the controversial monuments were dedicated in the early twentieth century or during the height of the Civil Rights Movement. Discussions are under way about the removal of monuments in Houston, Atlanta, Nashville, Pensacola, Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, Richmond, Virginia, Birmingham, Alabama, and Charlottesville, Virginia.

Here is a running list of all the monuments and statues that have been removed and the cities that have taken them down:
Annapolis, Md.
Under cover of darkness, city workers removed a statue in August 2017 of former Supreme Court Justice Roger Taney that had been on the State House's front lawn for 145 years. Taney authored the Supreme Court's 1857 Dred Scott decision, which held that African-Americans could not be U.S. citizens. The city's Republican mayor said through a spokesman that it was removed "as a matter of public safety."
Austin, Texas
The statues of four people with ties to the Confederacy - Robert E. Lee, Albert Sidney Johnson, John H. Reagan and former Texas Gov. James Stephen Hogg - were removed from pedestals on the University of Texas campus on Aug. 17, 2017. UT's president said in a written statement the deadly clashes in Charlottesville made it clear "Confederate monuments have become symbols of modern white supremacy and neo-Nazism." Separately, a 1,200-pound bronze statue of Confederate President Jefferson Davis that was removed from UT's campus in 2015 has now returned to the campus, at the Briscoe Center for American History.

The Austin school board voted to strip Confederate names from five district schools, though they haven't been renamed yet. The board had previously renamed Robert E. Lee Elementary School in 2016.

The Austin City Council approved renaming Robert E. Lee Road and Jeff Davis Avenue.
Baltimore, Md.
Baltimore Mayor Catherine Pugh told reporters she wanted to move "quickly and quietly" to take down four Confederate statues or monuments - statues of Lee and Thomas, J. "Stonewall" Jackson and monuments for Confederate Soldiers and Sailors and Confederate Women - from the city's public spaces. Although the plan had been in the works since June 2017, the Baltimore City Council approved it only two days after the deadly events in Charlottesville. On March 10, 2018, the space where the Confederate statues had stood was rededicated to abolitionist and civil rights pioneer Harriet Tubman.
Bradenton, Fla.
Mantee County removed a Confederate soldiers memorial obelisk on Aug. 24 after the city commission voted 4-3 to take it down and place it in storage. The monument, which had stood there for more than 90 years, was accidentally broken into two pieces when city workers removed it. The removal came after days of protests from residents and activists, most of whom were in favor of taking it down, and it cost $12,700 to remove.
Brooklyn, N.Y.
Plaques honoring Lee were removed from an episcopal church's property on Aug. 16, 2017 and the governor called on the Army to remove the names of Lee and another Confederate general from the streets around a nearby fort. "It was very easy for us to say, 'OK, we'll take the plaques down,'" said Bishop Lawrence Provenzano, of the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island, who called them "offensive to the community." New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio has called for a review of all the city's public art to identify "symbols of hate" for possible removal.
Dallas, Texas
A bronze statue of Robert E. Lee, formally called the Robert Edward Lee Sculpture, was removed in mid-September 2017 from Robert E. Lee Park, which was also named in honor of the Confederate general. The Dallas City Council voted 13-1 to remove the statue, which has stood in Lee Park for 81 years.

The park was dedicated to Lee by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1936 during a renaming ceremony of the park.
Daytona Beach, Fla.
Three Confederate monuments were removed from a city park Friday morning. A city spokesperson said the plaques were going to be cleaned up and taken to a nearby museum. The decision to remove them did not require public input, the spokes-person told FOX35, because they were donated and not purchased with taxpayer funds.
Chapel Hill, N.C.
Protesters toppled the "Silent Sam" statue that has stood on the University of North Carolina's Chapel Hill campus since 1913 on Aug. 20. More than 200 people had gathered and were chanting "hey, hey, ho, ho, this racist statue has got to go." In a statement, UNC Chancellor Carol Folt called the act "unlawful and dangerous," adding that law enforcement were investigating the incident. The statue had been a source of controversy, with school officials claiming that state law prevented them from removing it.

Durham, N.C.
A nearly-century old statue of a Confederate soldier was toppled not long after Charlottesville by protesters associated with the Workers World party. North Carolina Central University student Takiyah Thompson, along with three others, were arrested and charged with felonies in the days following. As the bronze statue lay crumpled on the ground, protesters could be seen kicking it on social media. A Worthington assistant city manager said the community seeks to be one that "promotes tolerance, respect and inclusion."

A statute of Lee was removed from the entrance to Duke University Chapel on Aug. 19, 2017 and is set to be preserved in some way to study the university's "complex past."

"I took this course of action to protect Duke Chapel, to ensure the vital safety of students and community members who worship there, and above all to express the deep and abiding values of our university," university President Vincent Price wrote in statement to the school.
Franklin, Ohio
A monument to Lee was removed in August 2017 by Franklin workers.
Gainesville, Fla.
A chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy paid for the removal of a monument to Confederate soldiers known locally as "Old Joe" that stood in front a building in downtown Gainesville for 113 years. It was moved to a private cemetery outside the city in August 2017.
Helena, Mont.
The state's capital city on Aug. 18, 2017 removed a memorial to Confederate soldiers that had been in a public park since 1916. the granite fountain, which was dismantled, had been donated by the United Daughters of the Confederacy. City Parks and Recreation Director Amy Teegarden told the Spokesman-Review that the fountain initially will be stored in a city warehouse -- but it could be reassembled at a future date.
Kansas City, Mo.
A Confederate monument was boxed up in summer 2017 and is slated to be removed. The Missouri division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy had asked Kansas City Parks and Recreation to find a new home for it.
Lexington, Ky.
Two 130-year-old Confederate statues were removed from downtown Lexington on October 18 after the state's attorney general issued an opinion giving the city permission to take them down and move them to a private cemetery. Lexington used private funds to take the statues, of Confederate General John Hunt Morgan and John Breckinridge, a former U.S. Vice President and the last Confederate Secretary of War. Private funds will cover the cost of their upkeep in the cemetery.
Los Angeles, Calif.
A large stone monument commemorating Confederate veterans was taken down Aug. 16 from the Hollywood Forever Cemetery after hundreds of people demanded its removal. The 6-foot granite marker was loaded into a pickup truck and taken to a storage facility. A petition calling for it to be taken down had garnered 1,300 signatures.
Louisville, Ky.
A statue of a Confederate soldier was removed from the University of Louisville campus after a legal battle between the city residents, the mayor and the Sons of Confederate Veterans. It was relocated to Brandenburg, Kentucky, which hosts Civil War reenactments.
Madison, Wis.
A plaque honoring Confederate soldiers was removed Aug. 17 from a cemetery not long after residents and city leaders began calling for it to be taken down. "The Civil War was an act of insurrection and treason and a defense of the deplorable practice of slavery," said Mayor Paul Soglin in a statement. "The monuments in question were connected to that action and we do not need them on city property."
Memphis, Tenn.
Crews removed two Confederate statues from Memphis parks on Dec. 20 after the city sold them to a private entity. The City Council voted unanimously earlier in the day to sell both Health Sciences and Fourth Bluff Parks where the Confederate statues, of Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest and Confederate President Jefferson Davis, were located.
Nashville, Tenn.
The legendary Ryman Auditorium, where stars like Dolly Parton, Patsy Cline and Loretta Lynn made their Grand Ole Opry debuts, quietly moved a sign on Sept. 21 hanging from the venue's upper level that read "1897 Confederate Gallery." Honoring an 1897 reunion of Confederate veterans at the Ryman, the sign had been shrouded over the years but has now been permanently removed from the main auditorium and added to a museum exhibit that explains the history of the 125-year-old music hall.
New Orleans, La.
New Orleans city workers removed four monuments in April dedicated to the Confederacy and opponents of Reconstruction. The city council had declared the monuments a public nuisance. The monuments removed were of Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard, Davis and Lee. Also removed was the Liberty Place Monument, which commemorated a Reconstruction Era white supremacist attack on the city's integrated police force. The mayor plans to replace them with new fountains and an American flag.
New York, N.Y.
Busts of Lee and Jackson were removed overnight on Aug. 17 from the Hall of Fame for Great Americans at Bronx Community College. Prior to its removal, Bronx Borough president Ruben Diaz Jr. had said "there is nothing great about two men who committed treason against the United States to fight to keep the institution of slavery in tact."
Orlando, Fla.
A Confederate statue known as "Johnny Reb" was moved in June 2017 by officials from Lake Eola Park to Greenwood Cemetery in response to public outcry about it being symbolic of hate and white supremacy. A spokesperson for Orlando's mayor told Fox News that city officials are working with historians on a new inscription to put the monument "in proper historical perspective."
Richmond, Va.
The Richmond school board voted 6-1 on June 18, 2018 to rename J.E.B. Stuart Elementary School to Barack Obama Elementary School. The process began several months prior and involved input from students, teachers, administrators and local stakeholders. Virginia is home to the largest number of Confederate monuments and symbols in the country.
Rockville, Md.
A 13-ton bronze Confederate statue that had stood for decades next to Rockville's Red Brick Courthouse was relocated in July next to a privately run Potomac River ferry named for a Confederate general. The relocation cost about $100,000, according to the Washington Post.
San Diego, Calif.
A plaque honoring Davis was quietly removed Aug. 16, 2017 from a downtown park. "This morning I ordered the immediate removal of a plaque honoring the Confederacy at Horton Plaza Park," Mayor Kevin Faulconer told the Los Angeles Times. "San Diegans stand together against Confederate symbols of division."
San Antonio, Texas
A Confederate statue was removed from Travis Park overnight Sept. 1, 2017 after the City Council voted 10-1 in favor of taking it down the previous day. There were no protesters during or after the removal, according to local media reports. "This is, without context, a monument that glorifies the causes of the Confederacy, and that's not something that a modern city needs to have in a public square," said San Antonio Mayor Ron Nirenberg following the council vote.
San Antonio, Texas
A Jefferson Davis highway marker was removed in 2016.
St. Louis, Mo.
The Missouri Civil War Museum oversaw the removal in late June 2017 of a 32-foot granite and bronze monument from Forest Park, where it had stood for 103 years. It shouldered the costs of removal and will hold the monument in storage until a new home can be found for it. The agreement stipulates the monument can be re-displayed at a Civil War museum, battlefield or cemetery. In Boone County, a rock with a plaque honoring Confederate soldiers that had been removed from the University of Missouri campus was relocated a second time after the Charleston AEM church massacre to a historic site commemorating a nearby Civil War battle.
St. Petersburg, Fla.
St. Petersburg Mayor Rick Kriseman ordered city workers to remove a bronze Confederate marker at noon on Aug. 15, 2017 after determining that it was on city property. It's being held in storage until a new home can be found for it. "The plaque recognizing a highway named after Stonewall Jackson has been removed and we will attempt to locate its owner," Kriseman said in a statement to the Tampa Bay Times.
Washington, D.C.
The stewards of the National Mall announced this week that the exhibit alongside the Thomas Jefferson Memorial will be updated to showcase his status as both one of the country's founders and a slaveholder. "We can reflect the momentous contributions of someone like Thomas Jefferson, but also consider carefully the complexity of who he was," an official with the Trust told the Washington Examiner. "And that's not reflected right now in the exhibits."

New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker introduced a bill in Sept. 2017 to remove Confederate statues from the U.S. Capitol Building.

The National Cathedral voted that same month to take down two stained-glass windows of Confederate generals. The removal could take a few days and workers seen putting up scaffolding around the windows to start the process.

Florida Gov. Rick Scott, a Republican, signed a bill to replace a statue of a Confederate general at the U.S. Capitol with one of Mary McLeod Bethune, a black woman who founded a school that became Bethune-Cookman University in Daytona Beach, Florida. She'll become the first black female to be honored in Statuary Hall.
Worthington, Ohio
Worthington removed a historic marker Aug. 18 outside the former home of a Confederate general.
Email christopher.carbone@foxnews.com if you learn new information about the removal of Confederate monuments. Fox News' Nicole Darrah contributed to this report.

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Which Confederate statues were removed? A running list

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More than 30 cities across the United States have removed or relocated Confederate statues and monuments amid an intense nationwide debate about race and history. Here is a running list of all the monuments that have been removed and the cities that have removed them.

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C-Made in 201.
R-Yes it relates to my topic.
A-Made by the daily signal.
A-Yes its supported by facts.
P-It tells you why the statues should not be taken down.

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Why Cities Shouldn't Take Down Confederate Statues

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If America forgets its past, we won't appreciate the good that has emerged from our national trials.