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Description: Robert Boyle FRS was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method.
Contribution to modern day: He is best known for Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system.

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Definition: Edward Jenner, FRS FRCPE was an English physician who was a contributor of the smallpox vaccine.
Contribution to modern day: The practice was popularized by Jenner and was hence used ubiquitously until now to prevent several diseases

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Description:  16th-century Flemish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica.
Contribution to modern day: On the Fabric of the Human Body of 1543, Vesalius showed that Galen was wrong on some points of human anatomy, and urged doctors to conduct systematic dissections of human corpses themselves.

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Definition: pertaining to or noting a temperature scale (Cel′sius scale`) in which 0° represents the ice point and 100° the steam point; Centigrade.
Contribution to modern day: As an SI derived unit, it is used worldwide. In the United States, the Bahamas, Belize, the Cayman Islands and Liberia

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Definition: Fahrenheit is a temperature scale that bases the boiling point of water at 212 and the freezing point at 32.
Contribution to modern day: Today, the scale is used primarily in the United States and some Caribbean countries.

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Description: Zacharias Janssen is generally believed to be the first investigator to invent the compound microscope.
Contribution to modern day: The microscope is important because biology mainly deals with the study of cells (and their contents), genes, and all organisms.

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Definition: a law stating that any two masses attract each other with a force equal to a constant (constant of gravitation) multiplied by the product of the two masses and divided by the square of the distance between them.
Contribution to modern day: it gives people the ability to calculate the force of attraction between objects in the universe.

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Description: Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author.
Contribution to modern day: Widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution.

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Definition: Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasises evidence, especially as discovered in experiments.
How it contributed to modern day: It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation.

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Description: English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England.
How he contributed to modern day: Widely regarded as a major figure in scientific methodology and natural philosophy during the English Renaissance.

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Definition: A court established by the Roman Catholic Church in thirteenth century to try cases of heresy and other offenses against the church.
How it contributed to modern day: It had a bad effect and people in other countries still practice it.

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Definition: optical instrument for making distant objects appear larger and therefore nearer.
How it contributes to modern day: provide evidence of billions of galaxies each containing billions of stars like our sun.