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Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States of America. He successfully prosecuted the Civil War to preserve the nation. He played in key role in passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which officially ended slavery in America (HistoryNet). Abraham Lincoln usage of the telegraph, empathy with his Gettysburg address, and confidence led the North to beat the South and end slavery for once and for all.

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The Black Codes, sometimes called Black Laws, were laws governing the conduct of African Americans (free blacks). The best known of them were passed in 1865 and 1866 by Southern states, after the American Civil War, in order to restrict African Americans' freedom, and to compel them to work for low wages (En.wikipedia.org.). This was used as a way to preserve slavery in slave states.

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As president of the Confederate States of America throughout its existence during the American Civil War (1861–65), Jefferson Davis presided over the South's creation of its own armed forces and acquisition of weapons. He decided what to do in battles. He decided his army general, which was Robert E. Lee. He was who the south answered to.  (Encyclopedia Britannica.)

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The Siege of Vicksburg was a great victory for the Union. It gave control of the Mississippi River to the Union. Around the same time, the Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee was defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg. These two victories marked the major turning point of the Civil War in favor of the Union (Ducksters.com.)

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It was the first battle in the Civil War. Following Beauregard's bombardment in 1861, Confederate forces occupied Fort Sumter and used it to marshal a defense of Charleston Harbor. Once it was completed and better armed, Fort Sumter allowed the Confederates to create a valuable hole in the Union blockade of the Atlantic seaboard (History.com).

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Grant led the Union Armies to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. As an American hero, Grant was later elected the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877), working to implement Congressional Reconstruction and to remove the vestiges of slavery (The White House).