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In the early 1800's,  Most kids worked instead of going to school, only the wealthy received a good education,  the schools were poorly equipped and teachers were untrained. Those who did go to school learned only basic reading, writing, and math.  For about 200 years, most children didn't have access to a free or good education.

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Endowed with little direct power, the new office demanded moral leadership of the highest order and this Mann supplied for 11 years. He started a biweekly Common School Journal in 1838 for teachers and lectured widely to interested groups of citizens. His 12 annual reports to the board ranged far and wide through the field of pedagogy, stating the case for the public school and discussing its problems. Essentially his message centred on six fundamental propositions: (1) that a republic cannot long remain ignorant and free, hence the necessity of universal popular education; (2) that such education must be paid for, controlled, and sustained by an interested public; (3) that such education is best provided in schools embracing children of all religious, social, and ethnic backgrounds; (4) that such education, while profoundly moral in character, must be free of sectarian religious influence; (5) that such education must be permeated throughout by the spirit, methods, and discipline of a free society, which preclude harsh pedagogy in the classroom; and (6) that such education can be provided only by well-trained, professional teachers. Mann encountered strong resistance to these ideas—from clergymen who deplored nonsectarian schools, from educators who condemned his pedagogy as subversive of classroom authority, and from politicians who opposed the board as an improper infringement of local educational authority—but his views prevailed.

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Before the education reform, "Kids worked in factory's and or farms to help support their families. In New England their were the most schools, while the South and West, they had the fewest. Few teachers were trained. The schoolhouses were small, and students of all age work in 1 room." (Which is called a one-room school house.)

Also,"Social background and wealth affected the quality of education. Rich families sent their kids to private school or hired a tutor. Poor children went to public school. Girls could go to school, but parents usually thought that girls needed little education and kept them home. Therefore, few girls learned to read."

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Horace Mann practiced law before serving in the state Legislature and Senate. Named secretary of the new Massachusetts board of education in 1837, he overhauled the state's public-education system and established a series of schools to train teachers.

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Mann resigned the secretaryship in 1848 to take the seat of former Pres. John Quincy Adams in the U.S. House of Representatives. There he proved himself to be a fierce enemy of slavery. In 1853, having run unsuccessfully for the Massachusetts governorship a year before, he accepted the presidency of Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, a new institution committed to coeducation, nonsectarianism, and equal opportunity for African Americans. There, amidst the usual crises attendant upon an infant college, Mann finished out his years. Two months before he died, he had given his own valedictory to the graduating class: “I beseech you to treasure up in your hearts these my parting words: Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity.”

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Who were the leaders of the education reform?

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Who were the leaders of the education reform?

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Horace Mann was the biggest leader of this reform movement.

Catherine Beecher was one of the leaders for the education reform movement for women.

Thomas Gallaudet was one of the leaders for hearing impairment part of the education movement.

Horace Mann (Leader)

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Thomas was one of the leaders of the disabilities part of the education reform. (Mainly hearing impairments)

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She was a leader for the women part of the education reform.

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Ben Franklin's Affects on Education Reform Movements

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Ben Franklin's Affects on Education Reform Movements

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American scholar and statesman Benjamin founded Yale University and many other colleges in the 1700's. He also contributed greatly in establishing the University of Pennsylvania. This became the first American university that was established without a church.

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Thomas Jefferson's Affects on Education Movements

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Thomas Jefferson's Affects on Education Movements

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Thomas Jefferson presented the idea of all boys including blacks getting the opportunity of having three years of education to the Virginia Assembly. If the students did well in school, then they would continue their education. Unfortunately, he failed twice and the families would have to pay high taxes.

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In the early years of the American colonial era, many communities offered education in different ways. For example, some communities allowed education depending on the students' family's income levels.

But, only upper-class students from wealthier families specifically white boys were provided the best education. These students would be sent to a private school and would exclusively study the Bible, Latin, and Greek. Lastly, in some communities during the Colonial Era, girls would only attend school in the summer while boys would only attend school in the winter.       African-American and Native-American students had exceeding difficult times if they wanted a good education. Most of the schools in the 1800's only allowed white students education. But, rarely there would be a school for any student, disregarding race or a school just for non-white children. These schools were commonly established by groups such as the Quakers to convert the children to Christianity.

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This reform and Mann Created grade levels, common standards, and mandatory attendance.  states followed this system, and had tax-supported local schools.