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Definition: An up and down graph displaying the GPD of a region

Sentence: I was asked to use the business cycle to determine New Zealand's current state of economy.

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Definition: In the contraction phase of a business cycle, the graph is going down, the economy is falling, the inflation is falling, and the unemployment is rising.

Sentence: When looking at the characteristics of Nigeria's falling economy I was able to tell they were in the contraction phase of the business cycle.

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Definition:This is the highest point on the graph of the business cycle. The economy is good, the inflation is high, and unemployment is low.

Sentence: The United States is at the peak of their business cycle because of their low unemployment rates.

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Definition: This is the point on the business cycle where the graph goes up after the trough. The economy is improving, inflation is rising, and unemployment is falling, so the economy is becoming better.

Sentence: Upon seeing the country's inflation rates rising, as their unemployment rates fall, we were able to see they were in the expansion phase of the business cycle.

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Definition: The lowest point of the business cycle. At this point in the cycle, the economy is bad, inflation is low, and unemployment is high.

Sentence: The unemployment rates are high in China, with this information we were able to determine the country was in the trough point of the business cycle.

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Definition:Part of the business cycle contraction  where's there a decline in the economy

Sentence: With unemployment rates raising it was safe to assume the economy was in a recession.

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Definition: a severe and prolonged downturn of an economy

Sentence: The Great Depression propelled America into severe national debt.

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Definition: a monetary, money related, policy that is adapted by the monetary authorities of a country

Sentence: With the country in recession the federal reserve questioned which monetary policy to use.

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Definition: America's central banking system

Sentence: The Federal Reserve controls the monetary policy when an economy is in trouble.

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Definition: A monetary policy that increases money supply by usually lowering interest rates

Sentence: With the country in recession the FED decided to go with the Easy Money Policy.

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Definition: A monetary policy that decreases money supply

Sentence: There was an increase in wages and there has been an abundance of consumer spending so the FED went with a tight money policy.

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Definition: a minimum amount of reserves that must be held by the commercial banks

Sentence: Lowering the reserve requirement can increase the money supply in an economy.

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Definition: the use of government money to influence an economy

Sentence: The president's fiscal policy with his golfing addiction is upsetting the country.

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Definition: The amount of unpaid, borrowed money a country owes

Sentence: The consequences of The Great Depression sent America into a National Debt.

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Definition: When money is being spent quicker than it is being made

Sentence: The budget deficit was proving to be difficult when the economy begin to crash under Trump’s presidency.

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Definition: More income than expenses

Sentence: The budget surplus allowed for some money to be directed toward the cabinet’s golfing trip.

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Definition: The richer a person is, the more their taxes are

Sentence: The progressive tax is seen as the most fair in consideration of annual income.

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Definition: Larger amount of income taken out of poorer people’s income

Sentence: The regressive tax is in question as lower income families are struggling to maintain their households.

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Definition: Same amount of money is taken out of each social class’ income

Sentence: Proportional tax isn’t fair, why does someone who can afford to go to Harvard get to pay the same amount of taxes as someone who has to work three jobs to pay their bills?

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Definition: Trade and interaction between countries

Sentence: NATO was an example of globalization.

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Definition: imports exceeds exports

Sentence: America’s trade deficit made it hard for other countries to want to trade with them.

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Definition: exports exceeds imports

Sentence: America’s trade surplus left them with little to no profit.

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Definition: The ability for one person or company to make a specific product

Sentence: Tay was the only person who sold pineapple lipgloss and that gave her a comparative advantage.

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Definition: The ability for one person or company to make a product better than the next

Sentence: Apple laptops have more storage and work faster, giving them the absolute advantage over Dell laptops.

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Definition: More imports of goods and services than exports

Sentence: The NAFTA was put into place to avoid unfavorable balance of trade.

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Definition: more exports of goods and services than imports

Sentence: Although favorable balance of trade seems like profits disappear, it can actually dote well for building trade relationships with other countries.

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Definition: Treaty between U.S, Canada, and Mexica, that allows free trade between the three countries.

Sentence: NAFTA was a policy in support of the favorable balance of trade.

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Definition: moving one job to another place to cut the costs

Sentence: American decided that outsourcing the factory to California would save more money than it being in Ohio.

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Definition: an agreement between northern and southern states to determine how to count their slave populations

Sentence: Knowing the South had a larger number of slaves than the North, the 3/5 compromise would make both the north and the south happy in voting

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Definition: imposed to keep british colons obedient to England

Sentence: The Salutary Neglect act did nothing to comfort the british colonies, and made them lose more trust in their motherland.

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Definition:The New Jersey Plan wanted equal representation among big and small states

Example: The New Jersey plan disregarded state size or state population and made small or large states equal in voting

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Definition:The Virginia plan based voting on population

Sentence: The Virginia plan was unfair because smaller states had smaller numbers for voting

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Definition: citizens are taxed by authority without representation

Example: The Boston Tea Party

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Definition: The first 'constitution' of America, it declared independence from Great Britain

Sentence: The Articles of confederation were a preface, not really uniting America until the constitution.

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Definition:book written by Thomas Paine that challenged British powerful

Sentence: Common sense was a bold written piece as it made many American colonies realize the unfair treatment of England.

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Definition: An ideology adopted by enlightenment thinkers, life, liberty, and property

Examples: The natural rights became a basis in the US constitution.

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Definition:Theory by Thomas Hobbes, that moral and political values are tied to a contract that unites societies

Example: the legal system

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Father of Liberalism, an enlightened thinker, supporter of natural rights

Sentence: John Locke is an influential philosopher thinker.

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A french philosopher who thought of the separation of power in the government

Sentence: Montesquieu's theory of separation of power implemented many constitutions around the world.

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A Genevan philosopher that helped spread throughout Europe. His ideals helped the development of modern political, economical and educational thoughts.

Example: Rousseau wrote the book Social Contract Theory

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Definition: Added to the constitution to appease the wants of the Anti-Federalist, written by James Madison

Example: The Bill of Rights was written to limit the powers of the American government

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Defintion: Written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison to support the ratification of the Constitution

Sentence: The Federalists papers were heavily written by Alexander Hamilton, a stronger Federalist leader.

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Definition: believed in a loose decentralized government

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definition: opposed the creation of a strong centralized governed, opposed the ratification of the constitution

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Definition: gathers to rewrite the constitution, first one in 1787 to discuss the weak government formed under the articles of confederation

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Definition: A compromise between large and small states to see how they'll be represented in voting

Sentence: The Great compromise appeased the wants of both the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan

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Definition: A rebellion launched from over taxation on the farmers

Sentence: The farmers gathered for the Shay Rebellion, alarming the colony leader

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Definition: elected representative element of the Virginia General Assembly

Sentence: The Virginia House of Burgesses was important because it was first democratic elective body

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Definition: The authority of a state and its government are created by the consent of its people

Examples: Voting, The Ninth Amendment

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Definition: The division of power amongst the government to assure no branch has more power over another

Examples: The Appointment Of Federal Judges, The impeachment Process

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Definition: A check on each branch to assure no one branch gets too powerful

Examples: Presidential Veto Power, The Supreme Court Can Declare Laws Unconstitutional

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Definition: A party that believes in the division of government, state and federal powers

Examples: The U.S Government, The Australian Government

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Definition: No person is above the law, no government can enforce laws that aren't fair

Examples: 'Freedom of the press',

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Definition:powers that are specifically listed in the constitution

Examples: The power to tax, the power to coin money

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Definition: powers that aren't in the constitution but are implied

Example: healthcare,gun laws

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Definition: Powers that aren't prohibited or specifically given to a certain branch of the government

Example: trade regulation, conducting elections

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Definition: Powers shared between federal and state governments

Definition: create lower courts, building roads

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Def: When 60 senators vote to stop a filibuster

Example:1964 civil rights filibuster

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Def: When a senator tries to prevent a vote by talking as long as it takes

Example: Ted Cruz Green Eggs and Ham filibuster

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Def: When members of the HoR and Senate compromise of differences in a Bill before it goes to the President

Example: Great Compromise (??)

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Def:A person who can vote and appoint

Example: registered voter

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Def: A person participates in an organized group to influence their representatives

Example: American Civil Liberties Union

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Def: When the president puts a bill aside for 10 days and it does not become a law if congress has adjourned, 10 days in session it becomes a law

Example: Bush's Defense Bill pocket veto

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Def:Advocacy groups that influence the public opinion and policy maker decisions

Example: Lobbyist

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Def:A permanent committee that meets regularly

Example: Appropriations committee

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Def: When the president rejects a bill

Example: Trump Yemen War Powers Resolution veto

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Def: The power of the court to hear a case for the first time

Example: State of New Jersey v State of New York

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Def: A higher court's ability to overturn a lower court's decision

Example: United States v Moore

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Def: The process of a legal dispute through the courts

Example:A murder case

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Def: The rate convicted felons get out and commit another crime, 76.6%

Example: A person convicted of kidnapping gets out and robs a store

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Def: a law relating to a business or organization

Example: Labor commissions

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Def: laws that protect rights of citizens

Example: No discrimination in the workplace

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Def: Laws that obtain to the rights in the constitution

Example:Laws that protect citizens from unwarranted search and seizure

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Def: laws that relate to crimes

Example: Murder

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Def: the power to make decisions relating to the law

Example: The federal court has general jurisdiction

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Def: A rule or standard that's been established through previous cases

Example: Brown v Board

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Def: Laws through legislation

Example:Statutory Rape

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Def: laws through previous cases

Example: People have a duty to read contracts

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Def: civil wrong that causes harm or loss to the victim

Example: Negligence