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- Adolf Hitler
- Jews
- Pope Pius XII

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Pope Pius XII served from 1939 to 1958

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Hitler's ambitions went beyond Germany and spread through Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Asian Pacific.

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Pius thought about how he would try to resist Hitler while still keeping Catholics safe. In the end, Pius decided to stay neutral because he realized the church could not stop Hitler. Though he stayed neutral, Pius still tried to alleviate the suffering of the war's victims. Jews that seeked help from the Vatican received it; the Vatican also sent a huge amount of relief supplies to destroyed towns. Pope Pius XII was and still is recognized as a hero by many.

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The war lasted from 1939-1945.

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Franz Jaegerstaetter - a Catholic Austrian peasant farmer; was martyred in 1943 for refusing to serve in Hitler's army

Corrie ten Boom - wrote the book The Hiding Place where she tells the story of how her whole family risked their lives to hide Jews from the Nazis in Holland, or the Netherlands

Edith Stein - born Jewish but later converted to Catholicism; was a German university professor and writer of philosophy until Nazis told her she couldn't because of her Jewish background; became a Carmelite nun in Holland but Nazis still saw her as dangerous; was taken from the convent, dreaded the Nazi S.S. police (elite security cops), sent to Auschwitz, tortured, and executed in the gas chamber

Maximilian Kolbe - a priest; imprisoned by Nazis at the concentration camp of Auschwitz, Poland; gave his life for another prisoner

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Catholics that tried to resist Hitler were driven to extreme, violent measures. Catholics (even including priests) planned to assassinate Hitler. For less bold church activity, Nazis persecuted only lower ranks of the clergy and laypeople.

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Japan tried to become the most powerful force in Asia. During World War II, Japan controlled most of the Far East. Anyone who resisted the Japanese were either killed or put into "hellish prisoner-of-war camps." Many religious people (missionaries, priests, laypeople, etc.) died in these camps. After the war missionary efforts were set back several years because of the huge losses.

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Germany's fall in May 1945 ended the war and great devastation. Over 25 million lives were lost. Many cities and towns were destroyed. Millions of people returned home from prison camps and battle lines only to find their families dead and their homes destroyed.

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The Atomic Bomb: A New Moment in History

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The Atomic Bomb: A New Moment in History

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The war between the Allies and Japan dragged on into the following summer (after Hitler's defeat). The United States suddenly stopped the war by announcing their secret weapon: the atomic bomb (a.k.a. a nuclear bomb). They're the most destructive weapon in the world. Japan knew they had to surrender. Many Catholics were unquestioning about the ethics of using nuclear weapons.

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After WWII, new problems arose—huge civilian populations were direct targets, weapons were more deadly than ever, national boundaries were changing, and there was a cry for a Jewish homeland.

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https://www.history.com/.image/t_share/MTU5NzQ1NzU0MTA4MjczOTM3/end-of-wwii-photo-gallery-social.jpg

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https://timedotcom.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/141015-tank-warfare-wwii-30.jpg?quality=85

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http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/nazioccupation/images/emaciated%20Jews%20in%20a%20Slovak%20Labour%20camp.jpg

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https://cdn.cnn.com/cnnnext/dam/assets/150123172131-06-auschwitz-liberation---restricted-super-169.jpg

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http://s3.thingpic.com/images/ML/bJXueFwcTdRzmrHea6XpCvV9.jpeg