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1. Native to Southwest United States
2. Known for their their pueblo homes made of adobe
3. The sun is a scared symbol to them
4. Sun symbol represents-the 4 directions, times of day, stages of live, and seasons

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1. No muggles or muggle borns in their family tree.
2. By 1995 the number of Pure-Blood familieswere declining. This caused inbreeding to try and maintain Pure-Blood status.
3. In the 1930s a Pure-Blood directory was published anonymously in Britain. Which listed the 28 truely Pure-Blood families.
4. J.K. Rowling used Nazi propaganda to model her Death Eaters. Their views on belonging to the wizard race are very similar to views on belonging to arian

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Wizarding World: The Official Home of Harry Potter

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Join the Harry Potter Fan Club for free to discover your Hogwarts house.

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"The term 'pure-blood' refers to a family or individual without Muggle (non-magic) blood. The concept is generally associated with Salazar Slytherin, one of the four founders of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, whose aversion to teaching anybody of Muggle parentage eventually led to a breach with his three fellow founders, and his resignation from the school."

-Where the term 'pure-blood' originated from[src]

Pure-blood is the term for wizards and witches who claim to have no Muggle or Muggle-borns in their family tree; however, when traced back far enough, nearly every family tree had some non-magical ancestors.[1][2][3]

By 1995, the number of pure-blood families were declining. Most pure-blood families were related by then in an effort, by some, to retain their status by marrying only other pure-blood families, but it had eventually led to inbreeding. While some families, such as the Malfoys, had allowed for marrying half-bloods, others such as the Gaunts, Lestranges, and Blacks, required their family to only marry pure-blood individuals, or those with no Muggle or Muggle-born ancestors.[2][1] This refusal of marrying Muggles or Muggle-borns had led to difficulty in propagating their families.[1]

Overview

"The pure-blood families are all interrelated. If you're only going to let your sons and daughters marry pure-bloods, your choice is very limited; there are hardly any of us left."

-Sirius Black's overview of blood purity[src]

Pure-blood individuals are people who have no Muggles or Muggle-borns as parents or grandparents.[4] Traditionalist pure-bloods like to keep the generations "pure" by breeding with other pure-bloods and are generally the ones who use the term ' Mudblood', a term considered derogatory by the wizarding world. Families of pure-blood status are often avoiding marrying their heirs off to Muggle-Borns and Half-Bloods, believing that the next generation could lose their capability to perform magic. Mudblood means Muggle-born, suggesting they have dirty blood and thus have no right to be a witch/wizard. Pure-bloods who do not share these prejudices are considered "blood traitors" by the ones that do.

In the 1930s, a wizard, commonly believed to be Cantankerus Nott, published a Pure-Blood Directory featuring twenty-eight families he believed to be pure-blooded, though many objected to this designation.[5]

Maintaining "purity"

"So-called pure-blood families maintain their alleged purity by disowning, banishing, or lying about Muggles or Muggle-borns on their family trees. Then they attempt to foist their hypocrisy upon the rest of us by asking us to ban works dealing with the truths they deny. There is not a witch or wizard in existence whose blood has not mingled with that of Muggles..."

-Pure-blood wizards are not so pure[src]

Some pure-blood families can trace their pure-blood status through many generations of magical ancestors and deny ever having any Muggles within the family, such as the House of Black, the motto of which is "Toujours pur", meaning "Always (or Still) Pure".[6][7] However, the truth is that if they ever did exist in the past, true pure-blood wizards and witches do not exist today. They merely erase Squibs, Muggle-borns, and Muggles from their family trees.[1]

Half-bloods who consider blood purity very important also hide their Muggle ancestry, clinging to the magical heritage they do have.[8] Many Death Eaters are believed to have done this, and their leader himself took on the name Lord Voldemort out of a desire to not keep the name of his " filthy Muggle father".[9] It is likely that Voldemort told his followers he was a pure-blood, or that most of the Death Eaters knew better than to question Riddle's blood status, given the reaction of Bellatrix Lestrange to Harry's "accusation" that he was in fact a half-blood.[10]

Many pure-blood families, such as the Blacks and Gaunts, practise marrying cousins in order to maintain their pure-blood status, and disown any members who marry someone who is not a pure-blood.[7] This practise has been known to cause problems as families often become inbred because of this; for example, the Gaunts showed signs of violent tendencies, mental instability, and being enfeebled.[11][2] The number of pure-bloods has diminished over time because of said inbreeding.[1]

Most wizards and witches consider a person to be pure-blood if his or her parents and grandparents were not Muggles or Muggle-born.[4]

Attitude

"I really don't think they should let the other sort in, do you? They're just not the same, they've never been brought up to know our ways. Some of them have never even heard of Hogwarts until they get the letter, imagine. I think they should keep it in the old wizarding families."

-Draco Malfoy's prejudice concerning Muggle-borns[src]

Some pure-bloods regard themselves as superior to those witches and wizards who are born to Muggles and half-bloods. They believe that Muggles are little more than animals and that Muggle-borns, whom they derisively call ' Mudbloods', are second-class citizens, inferior and unworthy of being allowed to practise magic. Many also discriminate against half-breeds, giants, werewolves and magical creatures.

Salazar Slytherin believed that only pure-bloods should be allowed to attend Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and educated in magic; this was the cause of his conflict with the other Founders and his leaving the school. However, he left behind the Chamber of Secrets in the hope that one day his heir would open the Chamber and release the basilisk within to target Muggle-born students. Tom Riddle was this heir, and the basilisk petrified several Muggle-born students in 1943 and the 1992-1993 school year and managed to kill one student, Myrtle Warren, in 1943.[9]

Riddle, later known as Lord Voldemort, continued his persecution of those who were not pure-bloods (ironically being a half-blood himself) with his followers, the Death Eaters. They strove to place pure-bloods in control of the wizarding world and to rid it of Muggle-borns. When Voldemort succeeded in taking over the Ministry of Magic during the height of the Second Wizarding War, his followers created the Muggle-Born Registration Commission in order to weed Muggle-borns out of the population and send them to Azkaban for allegedly stealing magic. Pure-bloods were also blatantly favoured within the Ministry and, to a lesser extent, Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, although half-blood was sufficient to avoid prosecution.[12]

However, there are pure-bloods who do not have these beliefs, and instead treat all magical people and Muggles as equals. These pure-blood folk are often labelled " blood traitors" by the more fanatical pure-bloods.[9]

Known pure-blood families

Pure-blood family

Current status

Known pure-blood members

Pure-blood in the 1930s[5]
Extant at least in female line[13]

Abbott, Gifford Abbott

Unknown, possibly extinct

Avery Snr, Avery Jnr

Black[5]

Extant only in female line

Alexia Walkin Black

Unknown, possibly extinct

Jimbo Blishwick

[7], Misapinoa Blishswick née Black[7]

Lavender Brown

[24]

Extant, but likely no longer pure-blood[25]

Violetta Black née Bulstrode

[7]

Unknown, possibly extant in female line

Belvina Burke née Black

Alecto Carrow, Amycus Carrow, Carrow, Flora Carrow, Hestia Carrow

Possibly extinct in male line,[26] Extant in female line[27]

Irma Black née Crabbe

[7], Vincent Crabbe[28]

Extinct[29]

Bartemius Crouch Snr, Bartemius Crouch Jnr, Caspar Crouch[7], Caspar Crouch's son[6], Caspar Crouch's daughters[6], Charis Crouch née Black[7]

Unknown, possibly extant

Hector Fawley

Extant

Marcus Flint, Ursula Black née Flint[7]

Unknown

Hesper Black née Gamp

[7], Ulick Gamp

Extant only in female line but no longer pure-blood[30]

Corvinus Gaunt

Greengrass

Astoria Malfoy née Greengrass, Daphne Greengrass

Kama

Laurena Kama, Mustafa Kama, Yusuf Kama

Lestrange

Bellatrix Lestrange née Black, Corvus Lestrange (I), Corvus Lestrange (II), Corvus Lestrange (III), Corvus Lestrange (IV), Eglantine Lestrange, F. Lestrange, Lestrange, Leta Lestrange, Rabastan Lestrange, Radolphus Lestrange, R. Lestrange, Rodolphus Lestrange

Longbottom

Extant, but no longer all pure-blood

Algie Longbottom, Alice Longbottom, Augusta Longbottom, Callidora Longbottom née Black, Enid Longbottom, Frank Longbottom, Harfang Longbottom, Harfang Longbottom's son, Harfang Longbottom's daughter, Neville Longbottom, Neville Longbottom's grandfather[33]

Macmillan

Malfoy

Abraxas Malfoy, Armand Malfoy, Astoria Malfoy née Greengrass, Brutus Malfoy, Draco Lucius Malfoy, Lucius Malfoy I, Lucius Malloy II, Narcissa Malfoy née Black, Nicholas Malfoy, Septimus Malfoy, Scorpius Hyperion Malfoy

Nott

Extant

Cantankerus Nott, Theodore Nott[34][35]

Ollivander

Extant, but no longer pure-blood

Gervaise Ollivander, Gerbold Ollivander, Geraint Ollivander

Extant only in female line

Antioch Peverell, Cadmus Peverell, Ignotus Peverell, Ignotus Peverell's son, Iolanthe Potter née Peverell

Potter

Extant, but no longer pure-blood[4][37]

Abraham Potter, Charlus Potter, Dorea Potter née Black, Euphemia Potter, Fleamont Potter, Ginevra Molly Potter née Weasley, Hardwin Potter, Henry Potter, Iolanthe Potter née Peverell, James Potter I, Mr Potter, Mrs Potter née Fleamont, Ralston Potter

Prewett

Extant only in female line

Fabian Prewett, Gideon Prewett, Ignatius Prewett, Lucretia Prewett née Black, Molly Weasley née Prewett, Mr Prewett, Mrs Prewett

Prince

Most likely extinct[38]

Eileen Snape née Prince

Rosier

Extant (at least in female line)

Druella Black née Rosier, Evan Rosier, Felix Rosier, Minette Lestrange née Rosier, Mr Rosier, Vinda Rosier

Rowle

Unknown, possibly extinct

Damocles Rowle, Euphemia Rowle, Thorfinn Rowle

Sayre

Possibly extant but no longer pure-blood

Rionach Sayre née Gaunt, Isolt Sayre, William Sayre

Selwyn

Unknown

Selwyn, Dolores Jane Umbridge (claimed[39])

Shafiq

Extant in the early 1930s

Shafiq (1920s)

Slytherin

Extant only in female line[40]

Salazar Slytherin

Tremblay

Bernard Tremblay, Clarisse Tremblay, Falco Tremblay

Tripe

Magenta Black née Tripe

Urquart

Elphinstone Urquart

Weasley

Extant, but no longer all pure-blood

Arthur Weasley, Arthur Weasley's brothers, Bilius,[41] Cedrella Weasley née Black, Charles Weasley, Fred Weasley I, George Weasley, Ginerva Molly Potter née Weasley, Molly Weasley née Prewett, Percy Ignatius Weasley, Ronald Bilius Weasley, Septimus Weasley, William Arthur Weasley

Yaxley

Extant (at least in female line)[42]

Corban Yaxley, Lysandra Black née Yaxley

Possible pure-bloods

Due to their affiliation to Slytherin and Lord Voldemort, many wizards and witches may be considered pure-bloods. Others have openly express their prejudice toward Half-bloods and Muggle-borns, which is another reason to believe they are pure-blood supremacist. Some even become Death Eaters.

Behind the scenes

On J. K. Rowling's draft list of students in Harry Potter's class, the following students were mentioned as pure-bloods[48]:

Coincidentally, Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, and Ron Weasley are all the three types of wizards; Harry being a half-blood, Hermione being Muggle-born, and Ron being a pure-blood.

Many characters mention throughout the series that blood purity doesn't matter, often using Hermione Granger in comparison to Ron Weasley and Neville Longbottom as an example. Ron had long struggled with living in the shadows of how much better students his older brothers were, and often would not try if he felt the situation was out of his control. or too difficult, preferring to goof off or play with Chocolate Frog cards (though he did ultimately emerge as a capable student and wizard in his own right). Similarly, despite Neville's pure-blood heritage, he was not initially an extremely talented wizard and also suffered from a lack of confidence, two things which made him a target for ridicule and difficulty, particularly from Professor Snape (but like Ron in his later life he better grasped his full potential). However, Hermione, by contrast, is a supremely gifted witch despite her Muggle-born status and, unlike Ron and Neville, performed very well right from the beginning.
Likewise, Vincent Crabbe and Gregory Goyle were both often thuggishly stupid and gave poor academic performances in spite of their Pure-Blood status, and Harry's mother Lily was one of her teachers', Horace Slughorn's, all-time favourite students, performing exceptionally well in his and other classes.

The Harry Potter Glossary at Scholastic's official website lists the term "Trueblood" as "Someone born to pure magical parents." This term, however, is not known to have appeared in any official Harry Potter media. The nuance with "pureblood" may be that while the child of a half-blood and a pureblood counts as a pureblood, a trueblood can only be the child of two purebloods. That is however unconfirmed.

The concept of pure-blood is also similar to the real-life situation of nearly all European royal families being related, especially the British and (now extinct) German monarchies. Royals were only allowed to marry another member of the aristocracy, so most of the families were interrelated through marriage. Similarly, the issue of in-breeding is something that ravaged many real life European royal lines.
Likewise, the concept of blood purity, and how if one goes back far enough it is clear there is no such thing, are strongly analogous to real life racial purity attitudes such as those held by White Supremacists and the Nazis (the latter of whom J.K. Rowling explicitly compared to the Death Eaters, as seen below), but also how all human being's ancestry can be traced back to Africa (and specifically Ethiopia), thus precluding the idea that "wholly white" lineages could have ever existed.

On the subject of blood purity, J. K. Rowling has said the following:

The expressions 'pure-blood', 'half-blood', and 'Muggle-born' have been coined by people to whom these distinctions matter, and express their originators' prejudice. As far as somebody like Lucius Malfoy is concerned, for instance, a Muggle-born is as 'bad' as a Muggle. Therefore Harry would be considered only 'half' wizard, because of his maternal grandparents. If you think this is far-fetched, look at some of the real charts the Nazis used to show what constituted 'Aryan' or 'Jewish' blood...the Nazis used precisely the same warped logic as the Death Eaters. A single Jewish grandparent 'polluted' the blood, according to their propaganda.[4]

This statement indicates that all of a wizard or witch's grandparents must have magical heritage - i.e. that he or she cannot have a single Muggle or Muggle-born grandparent - in order for him or her to be considered pure-blood. The detailed and lengthy family trees maintained by pure-blood families such as the House of Black maintained a record of all the pure-bloods born and married into the family (as well documenting those who were blasted off to maintain the family's sense of purity).[10]

Appearances

See also

Notes and references

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 F.A.Q. Section: "Are all the pure-blood families going to die out?" at J. K. Rowling's Official Site - "Don't forget that, as Sirius revealed in 'Order of the Phoenix', none of these families is really 'pure' - in other words, they merely cross Muggles and Squibs off the family tree and pretend that they didn't exist. But yes, the number of families claiming to be pure is diminishing. By refusing to marry Muggles or Muggle-borns, they are finding it increasingly difficult to perpetuate themselves."

2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Writing by J.K. Rowling: "The Malfoy Family" at Pottermore - "From the imposition of the Statute of Secrecy onwards, no Malfoy has married a Muggle or Muggle-born. The family has, however, eschewed the somewhat dangerous practise of inter-marrying within such a small pool of pure-bloods that they become enfeebled or unstable, unlike a small minority of fanatic families such as the Gaunts and Lestranges, and many a half-blood appears on the Malfoy family tree."

3. ↑ The Tales of Beedle the Bard - "Albus Dumbledore on "The Fountain of Fair Fortune"" - "So-called pure-blood families maintain their alleged purity by disowning, banishing or lying about Muggles or Muggle-borns on their family trees. They then attempt to foist their hypocrisy upon the rest of us by asking us to ban works dealing with the truths they deny. There is not a witch or wizard in existence whose blood has not mingled with that of Muggles, and I should there-fore consider it both illogical and immoral to remove works dealing with the subject from our students' store of knowledge."

4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 FAQ at J. K. Rowling's Official Site - "The expressions 'pure-blood', 'half-blood' and 'Muggle-born' have been coined by people to whom these distinctions matter, and express their originators' prejudices. As far as somebody like Lucius Malfoy is concerned, for instance, a Muggle-born is as 'bad' as a Muggle. Therefore Harry would be considered only 'half' wizard, because of his mother's grandparents. If you think this is far-fetched, look at some of the real charts the Nazis used to show what constituted 'Aryan' or 'Jewish' blood. I saw one in the Holocaust Museum in Washington when I had already devised the 'pure-blood', 'half-blood' and 'Muggle-born' definitions, and was chilled to see that the Nazis used precisely the same warped logic as the Death Eaters. A single Jewish grandparent 'polluted' the blood, according to their propaganda."

5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 Writing by J.K. Rowling: "Pure-Blood" at Pottermore

6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Black Family Tree by J. K. Rowling

7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 7.30 7.31 7.32 7.33 7.34 7.35 7.36 7.37 7.38 7.39 7.40 7.41 7.42 7.43 7.44 7.45 7.46 7.47 House of Black (see this image)

8. ↑ Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Chapter 12 (Silver and Opals) - ""The Death Eaters can't all be pure-blood, there aren't enough pure-blood wizards left," said Hermione stubbornly. "I expect most of them are half-bloods pretending to be pure. It's only Muggle-borns they hate, they'd be quite happy to let you and Ron join up.""

9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 35 (Beyond the Veil) - ""Shut your mouth!" Bellatrix shrieked. "You dare speak his name with your unworthy lips, you dare besmirch it with your half-blood's tongue, you dare -" "Did you know he's a half-blood too?" said Harry recklessly."

11. ↑ Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 10 (Luna Lovegood)

12. ↑ Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

13. ↑ Hannah Abbott

14. ↑ File:Black family tapestry complete.jpg - Disowned for an unknown reason

15. ↑ Allowed to marry into the fanatical pure-blood Black family, without their spouse being disowned, so the family is likely pure-blood.

16. ↑ Lavender Brown was a pure-blood making it possible that the Brown family was as well

17. ↑ Harry Potter and Me (see this image)

18. ↑ Through Irma's descendants.

19. ↑ Writing by J.K. Rowling: "Draco Malfoy" at Pottermore - "In childhood, Draco associated mainly with the pure-blood children of his father's ex-Death Eater cronies, and therefore arrived at Hogwarts with a small gang of friends already made, including Theodore Nott and Vincent Crabbe."

20. ↑ Barty Crouch Jr is the last member of the Crouch family, and, as he was given the Dementor's Kiss in 1995, is highly unlikely to ever have children.

21. ↑ Harry Potter and the Cursed Child (play)

22. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Chapter 10 (The House of Gaunt) - "Generations of purebloods, wizards all - more than you can say, I don't doubt!""

23. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Writing by J.K. Rowling: "Ilvermorny School of Witchcraft and Wizardry" at Pottermore

24. ↑ It is unknown if the "Grandad" Neville once mentioned was his paternal or maternal grandfather.

25. "↑ Malfoy & Nott" at Extra Stuff at J. K. Rowling's Official Site

26. ↑ Writing by J.K. Rowling: "Draco Malfoy" at Pottermore - "In childhood, Draco associated mainly with the pure-blood children of his father's ex-Death Eater cronies, and therefore arrived at Hogwarts with a small gang of friends already made, including Theodore Nott and Vincent Crabbe."

27. ↑ Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Chapter 22 (The Deathly Hallows) - "The only place I've managed to find the name 'Peverell' is Nature's Nobility: A Wizarding Genealogy. I borrowed it from Kreacher," she explained as Ron raised his eyebrows. "It lists the pure-blood families that are now extinct in the male line. Apparently the Peverells were one of the earliest families to vanish.""

28. The only known member of the Prince family was ↑ Eileen Prince, who had only one child, Severus Snape. Snape died in 1998 without having any children.

29. Ch. 13 of ↑ Deathly Hallows confirms that the Selwyns are a pure-blood family, though it is unclear if Umbridge was being truthful about her own relation to them or her own blood status, as she was trying to "bolster her own pure-blood credentials". See Talk:Selwyn family for more information.

30. Slytherin's only known descendants died with the Gaunts and ↑ Tom Riddle.

31. ↑ Bilius is a relative of the Weasleys, though it is unknown if he is arelation of Arthur of Molly.

32. ↑ Through Lysandra's descendants.

33. ↑ Slytherin affiliation

34. ↑ Loyal to Voldemort and Slytherin

35. ↑ Loyal to Voldemort

36. ↑ Loyal to Voldemort's regime, Muggle-born intimidator

37. ↑ prejudiced toward half-blood and muggle-borns and affiliated to Draco Malfoy

38. ↑ Harry Potter and Me

Languages:

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Pure-blood is the term for wizards and witches who claim to have no Muggle or Muggle-borns in their family tree; however, when traced back far enough, nearly every family tree had some non-magical ancestors. By 1995, the number of pure-blood families were declining.

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Facts:
1.  The Twa’s ancestors were the first inhabitants of Rwanda tens of thousands of years ago, and used to make their living in the country’s lush forests as hunter-gatherers.
2. In pre-colonial Rwanda, if your field was not producing well, you would cut the finger off a Twa and plant it in your field, and that would help it become fertile.
3. The Twa are considered pygmies because of their small stature.

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1. They have made substantial contributions to developments in world medicine with knowledge used by major pharmaceutical corporations.
2. One group of indigenous Brazilians is called the Terena tribe.
3. The Terena claim 17,000 hectares of land but are forced to live on a reservation of 2,000 hectares.

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-- Pronounced "al-yoot" which was Russian name for their tribe
-- Their name for themselves in their own language is Unangan, which means "the people."
-- original people of southwestern Alaska and the Aleutian islands

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Kansas has been home to many people of Swedish ancestry. Small numbers of Swedes began to settle the central part of Kansas Territory before the civil War. However, large groups began to emigrate to what was by then the state of Kansas in the late 1860s. This wave of emigration was partially driven by a famine in Sweden. Between 1870 and 1880 the number of Swedish-born Kansans increased significantly. By 1890 there were 17,096 residents of Kansas who had been born in Sweden.

The first significant settlement of Swedes in Kansas Territory made their home in the Blue River valley, north of present-day Manhattan. They named their community Mariadahl in honor of the mother of the first settlers. After statehood, the most concentrated area of Swedish settlement was in the Smoky Hill River valley of central Kansas. The first Swede, Anders Bengtson Carlgren, arrived in 1864. He persuaded several young Swedes to file claims for land in the area, which is now Lindsborg.

Immigration companies in eastern cities placed agents in Europe to encourage settlement in the American West. Some Swedes came to Kansas because of such promotions. The railroads also encouraged Scandinavian immigration. The Santa Fe and the Kansas pacific railroads both developed Swedish publications to promote Kansas as a good place to settle.

Many Swedes came to Kansas through the work of Swedish land companies. The First Swedish Agrilcultaral Company of McPherson County, Kansas, was organized in Chicago in 1868. The purpose of the land company was to settle Swedes in a single community with a strong religious focus. The company purchased land in southern Saline and northern McPherson counties from the Kansas Pacific Railway. Settlement in central Kansas was then promoted among Swedish emigrants who could purchase land from the company. Other land companies similarly engaged in the promotion of Kansas among Swedes. The area around Scandia in the Republican River valley was settled through such organized activity.

Swedish immigration has also existed in other parts of the state in a less organized pattern. Marshall, Clay, Allen, Wilson, Pawnee, Morris, Osage, Wallace, Logan, Decatur, Trego, and Rawlins counties all have seen significant Swedish immigration over the years. Noticeable populations of Swedes reside in the cities of Manhattan, Hutchinson, Topeka, Kansas City, and Salina.

Traditions 1993 © KSHS

Entry: Swedes in Kansas

Author: Kansas Historical Society

Author information: The Kansas Historical Society is a state agency charged with actively safeguarding and sharing the state's history.

Date Created: March 2011

Date Modified: December 2017

The author of this article is solely responsible for its content.

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Kansas has been home to many people of Swedish ancestry. Small numbers of Swedes began to settle the central part of Kansas Territory before the civil War. However, large groups began to emigrate to what was by then the state of Kansas in the late 1860s.

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1.  Data shows that 1,400,685 people had an Aboriginal identity in 2011, representing 4.3% of the total Canadian population
2.  The largest numbers of Aboriginal people lived in Ontario and the western provinces
3.  The Aboriginal population increased by 232,385 people, or 20.1% between 2006 and 2011, compared with 5.2% for the non-Aboriginal population.

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Wichita hunters used bows and arrows.

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Today Potawatomi is an endangered language because most children aren't learning it anymore.

Potawatomi is pronounced "Poh-tuh-WAH-toh-mee." It means "fire keepers."

Potawatomi artists are known for their quill embroidery, basketry, and floral beadwork. One style of bead embroidery, the Potawatomi weave, is even named after the Potawatomi tribe (though other tribes made beaded crafts this way too.)

Resource: http://www.bigorrin.org/potawatomi_kids.htm

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There are about 4.5 million Native Americans and Alaska Natives in the United States today, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

American Indians and Alaska Natives born today have a life expectancy that is 5.5 years less than the U.S. all races population (73.0 years to 78.5 years, respectively).

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Wichita Natives created a sustainable agricultural system that involved farming corn and u

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Wichita Natives created a sustainable agricultural system that involved farming corn and u

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They lived in grass-thatched lodges shaped like haystacks which offered warmth but little resistance to fire.

One cultural tradition that distinguished the Wichita from other Plains tribes was the practice of tattooing their eyes.

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Australian Aboriginal peoples, one of the two distinct groups of Indigenous peoples of Australia, the other being the Torres Strait Islander peoples.

It has long been conventionally held that Australia is the only continent where the entire Indigenous population maintained a single kind of adaptation- hunting and gathering-into modern times. Some scholars now argue, however, that there is evidence of the early practice of both agriculture and aquaculture by Aboriginal peoples. This finding raises questions regarding the traditional viewpoint that presents Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples as perhaps unique in the degree of contrast between the complexity of their social organization and religious life and the relative simplicity of their material technologies. (For a discussion of the names given to the Indigenous peoples of Australia, see Researcher's Note: Britannica usage standards: Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islander peoples of Australia.)

Prehistory

It is generally held that Australian Aboriginal peoples originally came from Asia via insular Southeast Asia (now Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, and the Philippines) and have been in Australia for at least 45,000-50,000 years. On the basis of research at the Nauwalabila I and Madjedbebe archaeological sites in the Northern Territory, however, some scientists have claimed that early humans arrived considerably sooner, perhaps as early as 65,000 to 80,000 years ago. That conclusion is consistent with the argument made by some scholars that the migration of anatomically modern humans out of Africa and adjacent areas of Southwest Asia to South and Southeast Asia along the so-called Southern Route predated migration to Europe. Other scholars question the earlier dating of human arrival in Australia, which is based on the use of optically stimulated luminescence (measurement of the last time the sand in question was exposed to sunlight), because the Northern Territory sites are in areas of termite activity, which can displace artifacts downward to older levels.

In either case, the first settlement would have occurred during an era of lowered sea levels, when there were more-coextensive land bridges between Asia and Australia. Watercraft must have been used for some passages, however, such as those between Bali and Lombok and between Timor and Greater Australia, because they entail distances greater than 120 miles (200 km). This is the earliest confirmed seafaring in the world. By about 35,000 years ago all of the continent had been occupied, including the southwest and southeast corners ( Tasmania became an island when sea levels rose sometime between 13,500 and 8,000 years ago, thus isolating Aboriginal people who lived there from the mainland) as well as the highlands of the island of New Guinea. Archaeological evidence suggests that occupation of the interior of Australia by Aboriginal peoples during the harsh climatic regime of the last glacial maximum (between 30,000 and 18,000 years ago) was highly dynamic, and all arid landscapes were permanently occupied only roughly 10,000 years ago.

The dingo, a type of wild dog, appeared in Australia only 5,000 to 3,000 years ago, which postdates the time that Aboriginal people began hafting small stone implements into composite tools some 8,000 years ago. Whereas the dingo was introduced from Southeast Asia, the small implements appear to be independent inventions from within Australia. Within the past 1,500-3,000 years, other important changes occurred at the general continental level: population increases, the exploitation of new habitats, more efficient resource exploitation, and an increase in the exchange of valued items over wide areas.

There is evidence for complex social behaviours much earlier, however, including cremation before 40,000 years ago, personal ornamentation (shell beads) by 30,000 years ago, and long-distance trade in objects before 10,000 years ago. It has not yet been ascertained whether there were single or multiple waves of migration into Australia, although recent genetic evidence indicates multiple donor groups, whether from a single heterogeneous migration or multiple waves. While there is no doubt that only anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) have ever occupied Australia, skulls found in the southeast suggest to some the existence of two distinct physical types. However, most now accept that there was a wide range of variation in pre-European populations. It has also been argued that one group on the Murray River practiced a form of cosmetic cranial deformation that led to their different appearance. Some have posited that Aboriginal cultures have one of the longest deep-time chronologies of any groups on Earth.

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Australian Aboriginal peoples | History, Facts, & Culture

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Survey of the history, society, and culture of the Australian Aboriginal peoples, who are one of the two distinct Indigenous cultural groups of Australia. It is generally held that they originally came from Asia via insular Southeast Asia and have been in Australia for at least 45,000-50,000 years.

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1. There are only about 70,000 registered Lakota Indians.
2. Fewer than half of these continue to speak the ancestral language.
3. The majority of the Lakota Indians reside on one of five Indian reservations situated in the Dakotas.

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-Set sail from Plymouth, England September 1620
-Carried wine and 102 people
-Pilgrims

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The official flag.

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1. The Wichita tribe were self-named the kitikiti'sh.
2.  The estimated population was 3200 people in 1780.
3. The Wichita men were hunters, and the Wichita women were farmers and nurturers.

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Lions are indigenous to Goddard High School.

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Lions are indigenous to Goddard High School.

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Tigers are indigenous to EHS.
Evan, therefore, is an immigrant.

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-80% of immigrants to the US come from Latin American and Asia.
- Immigrants are 4 times more likely than children of native-born parents to have less than a high school degree, but are almost twice as likely to have a doctorate.
- Since 2000, legal immigrants to the United States number approximately 1,000,000 per year.

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- 58.9 million Hispanic people in the United States

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- 58.9 million Hispanic people in the United States

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-An estimated 22.5 million Spanish speakers also speak English "very well,"
- Hispanic people are the largest minority in the United States.

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Each group member must list three to four facts and a picture. Make sure you choose the correct group. Failure to follow instructions will result in a total loss of points.