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In 1553, on route to Peru, around 20 or so Africans escaped. Many ran away to Ecuador.

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Although Africans, including the nobleman Nuflo de Olano, were with Balboa in Panama when he "discovered" the Pacific in 1513, most historians record the beginnings of an African presence in Central America with the landing of Gil Gonzalez De Avila near Puerto Cortes in 1524. That same year Cristobal de Olid established the first Spanish settlement in Honduras at La Ensenada (near Tela).

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Juan Muñoz Vaquero, Calle Santa María Magdalena, La Puebla de Almoradiel, Spain

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Juan Muñoz Vaquero, Calle Santa María Magdalena, La Puebla de Almoradiel, Spain

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Juan Muñoz Vaquero, Calle Santa María Magdalena, La Puebla de Almoradiel, Spain

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On July 13, 1571, King Philip II of Spain, via a real cédula, authorized the Audiencia of Santo Domingo to enact plans to “conquer” a community of African cimarrones. Since the 1520s, runaway African slaves had formed maroon communities in remote regions bordering Spanish conquests.By the 1570s, African maroons could be found in practically every part of Spanish America.

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The Accompong Society lies in the St. Elizabeth Parish Hills. This society began in the 17th century, and still exists today. The Accompong people made a treaty with the British in 1739. The government of Jamaica still recognizes the society to this day. The society also had to defend themselves from Britain and Spain. This society also has a democracy, and votes for a chief.

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San Basilio de Palenque (Montes de María Bolivar, Colombia)

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San Basilio de Palenque (Montes de María Bolivar, Colombia)

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This maroon society was founded more than 200 years before Columbia achieved independence from Spain by those who led a life of slavery and escaped in colonial times.

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Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela - Nandita Bussa

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Cordillera de Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela - Nandita Bussa

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Miguel de Buria was born in 1510 in San Juan, Puerto Rico when he was taken to Venezuela by slave-owner Damian del Barrio. Miguel was later inherited by Damian’s son, Pedro del Barrio. When working in a sugar and indigo plantation, he was known for being a rebellious slave and a Spanish foreman, Diego Hernandez de Serpa, decided to punish him.

Miguel however, escaped to the nearby Cordillera de Merida mountains and started his base here and made his maroon society and led a rebellion of enslaved workers in the San Felipe Mines. Miguel’s forces included freed Africans, mulattoes, Zambos, and Jirajara indigenous Americans — numbering 1,500.

The exact location of his maroon society is unknown but he was crowned King in 1552 and his wife and son crowned Queen and Prince.

With his weapons and followers, Miguel was able to attack Spanish guards at the San Felipe Mines. He captured and killed those who treated the enslaved workers cruelly. Miguel and his followers then attacked other plantations and mines across the Yaracuy province, and in the midst of the raids, he freed enslaved workers and brought them to his colony, where some became administrators, governors and military officers.

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Esteban Montejo was born into slaver on a plantation in the Las Villas region of Cuba (now the province of Sancti Spíritus). He was separated from his parents, so he had no immediate family close to him or at the plantation. He was in the plantation from 1860 when he was born and then he tried to escape when he was around 10 he was caught and was given harsh punishments. Then a few years later in the late 1870's he built up some courage and tried to escape again this time he was successful and stayed in hiding without getting caught until 1886. He stayed in hiding for those years in the woods outside of the plantation I dont know how far away he went, but he stayed in the woods without getting caught. 1895, at the age of thirty-five. He fought under the leadership of two prominent Afro-Cuban generals, Antonio Maceo and Quintín Banderas, in the battle of Mal Tiempo. After the war he relised things really hadn't changed for black people and with a peso in his pocket went back to Las Villas. There he work countless different jobs and then told this story in 1963 in a nursing home at 103. Then in 1973 he later died at the age of 113.

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In 1537, a group of twenty four enslaved Africans in Mexico city were planing to revolt and occupy the city. The revolt was meant to happen on midnight September 24, 1537. The group sadly never got to execute their plan because they were caught and hanged.

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Miguel Luengo 1747 in Yare:

Miguel Luengo escapes from the Buria mines in Barquisimeto in 1555. He persuaded other enslaved people to do the same in order for them to be free from Spanish tyranny. He founded a capital, organized an army and ordered an attack on Barquisimeto(with only 40 Spanish settlers). Miguel was named their King, his mistress Queen, and his son, Prince. These settlers sent for help and Captain Diego De Losada along with many armed men came and destroyed the kingdom and their King.

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Palmares was a community of escaped slaves that lasted from 1605-1694. It was located in colonial Brazil, in the present day state of Pernambuco. It is estimated that there were about 20,000 inhabitants, a mixture of slaves, mulattos, caboclos, Indians and poor whites. They defended themselves using a form of martial art called capoeira, and were armed with spears, bows, arrows, and guns.

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Who: Alonso de Illescas
Where: He was a leader in the Esmeralda region of colonial northwestern Ecuador and Peru.
When: Alonso was born in 1528 and died around the 1600's.
What/How: He was an icon/perceived as the most powerful for people of African descent in Ecuador. He wanted to make peace with Spanish authorities in exchange for official recognition of himself and his community as fierce Africans.

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1532 - a revolt against the Europeans and enslaved Africans took place in Coro, Falcón, Venezuela.

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Santa Marta was one of the first Spanish settlements ever founded in Columbia. It was founded by Rodrigo de Bastidas on July 29, 1525. The Spanish took over the Tayronas land, they fought hard but eventually the Tayronas lost and the Spanish melted and sent off their gold back to Spain.

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Gasper Yanga founded Yanga and its settlement is among one of the first free African settlements in the Americas after the start of the European slave trade.

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Somewhere in Puerto Rico. Doesn't say where

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The pearl divers were located on the island of Margarita. They would dive in the sea with baskets and descend to the bottom to search the soil for pearls. A big pearl could possibly buy them freedom. However, it was difficult because they were frequently attacked by sharks and had to hold their breath for a long time.

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Sebastian Lemba was one of the first African slaves who fought and rebelled against slavery where he was kidnapped in Santo Domingo. He was born in Africa, captured in 1525 to work on sugar plantations. In 1532, he lead a group of rebels and formed a Maroon society. In 1547, he was caught and in between 1547 to 1548. As a punishment for escaping and rebelling, he was killed by colonists. Although passed, his legacy lives on in modern day Dominican Republic with a statue in his honor.

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1730-1732
Andresote (Andres Lopez del Rosario) dealt with cocoa and tobacco smuggling with the Dutch, and in return, received arms, gunpowder and ammunition. This allowed him to organize a rebel army to fight against slavery and Spanish colonists.

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The founder of this maroon society is named Benkos Bioho, who gained freedom by escaping a slave port in 1599. This society was founded in 1526 and this specific community became pretty vibrant and advanced because of the work that was put into the culture to reinforce an actual identity in their own recent years.

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Who: The Bayano Wars occurred between the Bayano Panama and the Spanish crown.
Where: The war was located in the isthmus of Panama.
When: The war took place from 1548-1558. The second war took place from 1579-1582.
What/How: The Bayano War started when the slaves started to rebel and revolt. They brought many slaves since the 16th century and the enslaved people wanted to be free and not under controlled. This was the start of the Bayano War.

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They moved around a lot during the 1540's using horseback and becomes brazen and skilled in the saddle as well as with a lance.

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Don Pedro de Alvarado, at this time, sent 35 Spanish citizens to populate this "newly established." He also put 200 of his slaves there to help build the new town and to work the surrounding fields.