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Dogs mark their territory by peeing on objects to show that it’s theirs.

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A pack of lions defending their territory from another lion

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Two rams fighting over the land

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A dog getting trained to protect his owners house

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A niche is a specific trait that an animal has to help them survive

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A bats niche is that it is nocturnal, reducing competition for food

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The niche of a red fox is that is eats small mammals and fruits in  their habitat

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Courtship dances are ways many birds, insects, and even people find mates, usually it’s the male that starts the dance to attract any females in the area.

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A pheromone is a smell that an animal gives off to get some type of response from a potential mate, like cologne for animals

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Hibernation and Estivation are almost the exact same, both are when animals conserve as much energy as they can by moving as little as they can. The only real difference is that hibernation happens during the winter months while estivation happens during the summer months.

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Mostly it’s reptiles and amphibians that take part in estivation

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Instincts are behaviors that things are born with are not learned, like how birds fly south for the winter

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A learned behavior is simply a behavior you learn, in nature usually the parent will teach their cub how to hunt and survive

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Imprinting is a form a learning where animals watch and learn how to act, like ducks following their parents after they hatch

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Classical conditioning in animals is when they are trained to associate two events together, like doing a trick then getting a treat for it

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Trial and error learning is a type of learning where you figure out the right or the wrong way to do something based on the response you get after trying, like a dog learning to pee outside after he gets his nose rubbed in it after peeing inside

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Habituation is learning in that an animal responses in a specific way after doing it over a period of time, like prairie dogs running into their holes when they hear people coming

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Many birds migrate south during winter months because it’s warmer and they have a higher chance of survival

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Excretion is simply a process that animals use to get rid of waste

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Animals use camouflage to blend in to their environment to be less visible to predators

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A carrying capacity is the biggest size a population can grow to that can still be sustainable

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Limiting factors are anything that constrains the size of a population

There are four types of limiting factors, food, water, habitat, and mate