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Experience the Iban Lifestyle | Visit Sarawak 2021 #FightCOVID19  (sarawaktourism, 2021)

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𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘐𝘣𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘦

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𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘐𝘣𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘦

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A subgroup of Borneo's Dayak people.

Known for their tribal and territorial expansion, which earned them a lot of enemies.

The Kayan tribe, for example, referred to the "Sea Dayaks" they saw as "Hivan," - evolved into Iban & considered that this is where the name comes from.

The indigenous people of Borneo & Sarawak's biggest ethnic group.

Practised animistic beliefs until a considerable proportion of them converted to Christianity and Islam.

Sources :

Whelan, C. (2016). The Borneo Headhunters - Meet The Iban Tribe! https://www.thegreatprojects.com/blog/the-head-hunters-of-borneo-meet-the-iban-tribe

Bedford,S. (2018). An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups.  https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/an-overview-of-malaysias-tribes-and-ethnic-groups/

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From my perspective, I consider language as :

A tool for communication.

A way for people to communicate and interact with one another.

It can change the way people think and shape one’s behaviour.

A way of exchanging ideas and opinions.

May be inherited by generation.

Consisting spoken, written and sign language.

Different cultures have different languages.

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Here's the references for all the ethnic groups discussed earlier.

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Women From Bajau Sama Ethnic Group Of Borneo Editorial Photo (dreamstime, 2017)

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𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘉𝘢𝘫𝘢𝘶𝘴

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𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘉𝘢𝘫𝘢𝘶𝘴

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Sabah's second-largest ethnic group.

Migrated to East Malaysia in the 16th century from the southern Philippines.

Bajaus are Muslims who claim lineage from the Johor Malays and are said to have fled from the Philippines.

Found in large numbers along the shore, particularly between Kota Kinabalu and Kota Belud, and in the Semporna region.

The West Coast Bajaus - mostly farmers & cattle ranchers.

The East Coast - lived on land, traditionally seaside residents and fishermen.

Sources :
Bedford,S. (2018). An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/an-overview-of-malaysias-tribes-and-ethnic-groups/

Amazing Borneo Tours & Events Sdn. Bhd. (n.d). People, Culture And Customs. https://www.amazingborneo.com/sabah/people-culture

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Basic words in Bajau language - (Wawakyoko, 2020)

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𝙱𝚊𝚓𝚊𝚞 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎

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𝙱𝚊𝚓𝚊𝚞 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎

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Spoken : Malayo-Polynesian which they called 'Sama' / 'Sinama'

Speakers : from Philippines and Malaysia.

Dialects :  Central Sama & Southern Sama

Southern Sama - spoken in Semporna and southern Sulu.
Central Sama - spoken in western Tawitawi and central and northern Sulu.

Written : Depending on the dialects used by each particular groups

Largest dialect used by the Bajaus in Sabah : Southern Sama

Sources :
Nornis, S. (2014).  The Bajaus Language. http://www.ocerints.org/intcess14_epublication/papers/120.pdf

Countries and their culture. (n.d). Bajau -  Orientation. https://www.everyculture.com/East-Southeast-Asia/Bajau-Orientation.html

Luke. (2012). What language do the Badjao speak?. https://sinama.org/2013/01/what-language-do-the-badjao-speak/

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Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups

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Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups

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Key points :

Sabah's second-largest ethnic group.

Migrated to East Malaysia in the 16th century from the southern Philippines.

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Journal Article : People, Culture & Customs

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Journal Article : People, Culture & Customs

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Key points :

The second-largest indigenous tribe in Sabah.

Found in large numbers along the shore, particularly between Kota Kinabalu and Kota Belud, and in the Semporna region.

were once mariners, and many of them were formerly dreaded pirates.

The renown "Cowboy Horsemen" of Sabah, the West Coast Bajaus, are now mostly farmers and cattle ranchers.

Traditionally coastal residents and fishermen although have lived on land.

Muslims who claim lineage from the Johor Malays and are said to have fled from the Philippines.

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Key points :

Most Sama-Bajau speakers identify to themselves as 'Sama' or, more specifically, 'Sinama' in central Sulu.

Speak a Malayo-Polynesian dialect that they refer to as 'Sama.'

In the Philippines and Malaysia, the 'Sama' language is spoken.

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Key points :

2 closely related variants of Bajau, known as Central and Southern Sama, are spoken in Sabah's eastern coastal areas.

Southern Sama is spoken in Semporna and southern Sulu.

Central Sama is spoken in western Tawitawi and central and northern Sulu.

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Article : What language do the Badjao speak?

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Article : What language do the Badjao speak?

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Key points :

The Sama Dilaut are the biggest subgroup or dialect of the Central Sama group.

Southern Sinama is well-known for being more common in that area.

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𝙰𝚛𝚎 𝚢𝚘𝚞 𝚊 𝚙𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚑? 𝙻𝚎𝚝'𝚜 𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚗 𝚊 𝚏𝚎𝚠 𝚘𝚏 𝙱𝚊𝚓𝚊𝚞 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 𝚋𝚢 𝚠𝚊𝚝𝚌𝚑𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚘 !

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𝙰𝚛𝚎 𝚢𝚘𝚞 𝚊 𝚙𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚘𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚑? 𝙻𝚎𝚝'𝚜 𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚗 𝚊 𝚏𝚎𝚠 𝚘𝚏 𝙱𝚊𝚓𝚊𝚞 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 𝚋𝚢 𝚠𝚊𝚝𝚌𝚑𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚟𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚘 !

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You should watch all the videos that has been included in this e-portfolio (including this one), so you will get to differentiate between these languages.

This video has explained some basic words and sentences in a very detailed way then it wouldn't be boring to watch it. It's always fun to explore and treasure new languages, isn't it?

Source :
ILoveLanguages!. (2020). The Sound of the Bajau / Sinama language (Numbers, Greetings & The Parable)[Youtube Video].https://youtu.be/rhlSLMs435M

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The Sound of the Bajau / Sinama language (Numbers, Greetings & The Parable)

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Sejarah Adat Kaum Murut di Sabah (sumandakmurut, 2013)

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𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘔𝘶𝘳𝘶𝘵𝘴

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𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘔𝘶𝘳𝘶𝘵𝘴

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Subdivided into Baukan, Gana', Kalabakan, Okolod, Paluan, Sulangai, Serudung, Tagal, Timugon, and the Beaufort and Keningau Murut.

"Hill people" is the direct translation of Murut.

The last ethnic group in Sabah - abandon headhunting - in Murut spiritual beliefs, collecting the heads of adversaries has long played a significant role.

Has a diverse set of customs that are tragically on the decline.

Sources :
Official Website of the Sabah State Government. (n.d). People & History. https://www.sabah.gov.my/cms/?q=en/content/people-history

Bedford,S. (2018). An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/an-overview-of-malaysias-tribes-and-ethnic-groups/

Sabah Tourist Association. (2021). People & Culture : Murut. http://www.sta.my/murut.cfm

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Some Murut basic phrases and words - (babab.net, 2017)

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𝙼𝚞𝚛𝚞𝚝 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 

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𝙼𝚞𝚛𝚞𝚝 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 

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Murut is an Austronesian language with a separate dialects.

Murut people in the whole world have 15 languages.

Spoken : Tanggal (the language that the vast majority of people speak and understand).

This language is linked to that of the Kadazandusun.

Dialects : 21 types of dialects based on the location they live

Written : none

Sources :
Sabah Tourist Association. (2021). People & Culture : Murut. http://www.sta.my/murut.cfm

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (n.d). Murut people. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Murut

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Kadazan Dusun Rungus indigenous in their traditional costume - (gettyimage, 2017)

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𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘙𝘶𝘯𝘨𝘶𝘴

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𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘙𝘶𝘯𝘨𝘶𝘴

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The Rungus, who live in the Kudat district of northern Sabah - the most traditional ethnic group.

The Kudat district's Rungus are said to have kept their old customs alive to this day.

Some of the Rungus ladies - still wear costumes made from cotton that has been cultivated and spun by hand.

The bulk of the Rungus dwell in Sabah's Kudat and Bengkoka (Pitas) peninsulas, which are located around Marudu Bay and in the Labuk-Sugut area.

A Kadazan-Dusun sub-group with its own language and a few dialects, architecture, customs, and attires.

Sources :
Herman. (2000). The Rungus - The Art of Blending Traditional Life-Style into the 20th Century. https://www.flyingdusun.com/004_Features/001_Rungus.htm

Amazing Borneo Tours. (n.d). People, Culture And Customs. https://www.amazingborneo.com/sabah/people-culture

Webonary.org. (2013). Rungus Dictionary. https://www.webonary.org/rungus/overview/introduction/

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Basic words in Rungus language - Google Image

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𝚁𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚜 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎

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𝚁𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚜 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎

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The Rungus ethnic language is classified as Astronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, Sabahan, Dusunic, and Dusun.

Spoken : Dusunic language or Momogun or also can be called as Rungus Dusun

Dialects : Gandahon, Gonsomon, Nuluw, Pilapazan are just a few of the dialects that people speak depending on where they live (Central Rungus, Rungus Tanga).

Famous dialects spoken : Gonsomon and Nuluw

Written : none

People used this language: 55,000 people in the far north of Sabah

Sources :
Webonary.org. (2013). Rungus Dictionary. https://www.webonary.org/rungus/overview/introduction/

Encyclopedia. (n.d). Rungus Dusun. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rungus-dusun

Bujang, H. (2017). Etnik Rungus: Siapakah Mereka Dan Dari Mana Mereka Datang?. https://www.thepatriots.asia/etnik-rungus-siapakah-mereka-dan-dari-mana-mereka-datang/

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Beautfiful Kadazandusun ethnic in Sabah, Borneo in traditional costume (djsitaun, n.d)

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𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧𝘒𝘢𝘥𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴𝘶𝘯

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𝘋𝘦𝘮𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘪𝘤 𝘗𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧𝘒𝘢𝘥𝘢𝘻𝘢𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘴𝘶𝘯

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Categorised as a Dusunic language in a research by Banker & Banker (1997).

The Dusunic group is officially known as 'Kadazandusun.'

The Kadazandusun (a political phrase that includes both the Kadazan and the Dusun) is the largest ethnic group of Bumiputra in Sabah, accounting for almost a third of the population.

Kadazan signifies "people."

Dusun refers to people who live on farms, hence Kadazandusun means "farmers."

The annual Harvest Festival, or Kaamatan, held on May 30 and 31, showcases the profound connection to rice and customs.

Sources :
Luping, H. (2016). A history of the term Kadazandusun. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read/2159/a-history-of-the-term-kadazandusun/

Official Website of the Sabah State Government. (n.d). People and History. https://www.sabah.gov.my/cms/?q=en/content/people-history

Bedford,S. (2018). An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups. https://theculturetrip.com/asia/malaysia/articles/an-overview-of-malaysias-tribes-and-ethnic-groups/

Tumin, L. (n.d).  Language Attitudes of Kadazandusun People Toward Their Mother Tongue. https://ir.unimas.my/id/eprint/6757/1/LANGUAGE%20ATTITUDES%20OF%20KADAZANDUSUN%20PEOPLE%20TOWARD%20THEIR%20MOTHER%20TONGUE%2024%20pgs.pdf

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Kadazandusun alphabets and pronunciation - (Omniglot, n.d)

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𝙺𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚣𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚞𝚜𝚞𝚗 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎

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𝙺𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚣𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚞𝚜𝚞𝚗 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎

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Spoken : Kadazandusun language & Malay language

Nowadays, the Kadazandusun are likely to speak Kadazandusun as their first language and Malay as a second.

Dialects : Tangara and Bundu-Liwan.

- 𝚃𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚊𝚛𝚊  ( 𝙼𝚘𝚜𝚝𝚕𝚢 𝚏𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍 𝚘𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚆𝚎𝚜𝚝 𝙲𝚘𝚊𝚜𝚝)
- 𝙱𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚞-𝙻𝚒𝚠𝚊𝚗  (𝚆𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚜𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚍 𝚒𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚛 𝚊𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜)

Written : Kadazandusun language

People used this language : around 750,000 people in Sabah's districts of Penampang, Papar, Tuaran, Tambunan, Ranau, and Keningau.

Sources :
Logijin, S. (n.d). A Case Study on the Use of Kadazandusun Language in the Teaching of Mother Tongue Language. https://www.seameo.org/seameoweb2/images/stories/Projects/2008_MotherTongueBridgeLang/CaseStudy/papers_and_pdf/Malaysia_MotherTongue_CaseStudy20jan08.pdf

Luping, H. (2016). A history of the term Kadazandusun.  http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/read/2159/a-history-of-the-term-kadazandusun/

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(Omniglot, n.d). Iban alphabets and pronunciation 

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𝙸𝚋𝚊𝚗 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎

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𝙸𝚋𝚊𝚗 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎

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Previously, all information was inherited verbally from generation to generation.

Spoken : Iban Language & Malay Language (the lingua franca)

Widely spoken in state of Sarawak & Tawau district in Sabah

Dialects : the Iban language spoken in the Miri-Bintulu area has a distinct accent from the Iban language spoken in the Kuching-Bau region.

Written

- Before : Latin alphabet (most frequently used)
- Now : there's an alternative script known as the Dunging Script (urup Dunging) or the Iban alphabet, which was created by Dunging Anak Gunggu between 1947 and 1962 - but it's rarely used. (Encyclopedia, n.d)

People used this language : about 1.4 million

Sources :
Encyclopedia. (2018). Iban. https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/asia/malaysia-and-singapore-political-geography/iban

Omniglot. (n.d). Iban language and alphabet. https://omniglot.com/writing/iban.htm

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Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups

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Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups

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Key points :

The Ibanform the largest ethnic group in Sarawak.

Followed animistic beliefs until large numbers converted to Christianity.

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Blog : The Borneo Headhunters - Meet The Iban Tribe! 

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Blog : The Borneo Headhunters - Meet The Iban Tribe! 

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Key points :

A division of the Dayak people of Borneo.

Renowned for tribal and territorial expansion, and this created many enemies for them.

The Kayan tribe  referred to the “Sea Dayaks” they came into contact with as ‘Hivan’, which slowly became Iban.

Practise Christianity and Islam as their religions, the tribe was traditionally animists.

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Key points :

Speak their own language called "Iban."

All information was handed down orally from one generation to the next.

Widely spoken in Sarawak, alongside the Malay language.

Iban spoken in the Miri-Bintulu region has a different accent than the Iban language spoken in the Kuching-Bau region.

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Key points :

About 1.4 million people mainly in the state of Sarawak, and also in the Tawau district in the state of Sabah.

Usually written with the Latin alphabet.

There is an alternative script, known as the Dunging Script (urup Dunging) or the Iban alphabet.

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𝙻𝚎𝚝'𝚜 𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚗 𝚜𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝙸𝚋𝚊𝚗 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 !

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𝙻𝚎𝚝'𝚜 𝚕𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚗 𝚜𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝙸𝚋𝚊𝚗 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 !

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This video has given a clear explanation on some basic words and sentences used in Iban Language.

Source :
ILoveLanguages!. (2020). The Sound of the Iban language (Numbers, Greetings, Phrases & The Parable) [Youtube Video]. https://youtu.be/9oIxshNIJkk

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The Sound of the Iban language (Numbers, Greetings, Phrases & The Parable)

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News Article : A history of the term Kadazandusun

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News Article : A history of the term Kadazandusun

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Key points taken :

The term Kadazan, in the Kadazan language, means, “the people”.

The term “dusun” used by the people of the interior refers to living on the farm, so the term Kadazandusun, hence means “people of the farm”.

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𝙸𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚊𝚋𝚘𝚞𝚝 𝚖𝚢𝚜𝚎𝚕𝚏 : )

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𝙸𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚊𝚋𝚘𝚞𝚝 𝚖𝚢𝚜𝚎𝚕𝚏 : )

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Assalamualaikum and have a great day, ladies and gentlemen !

My name is Nur Fatihah Syahirah binti Mohd Zahari and I prefer to be called Tihah. I am currently studying for a Bachelor in Applied Language Studies (Hons) English for Intercultural Communication in UiTM Shah Alam.

Here is my assignment for the EIC404 course, discussing one of the cultural elements which is language revolving around 5 particular communities which are Iban, Kadazandusun, Rungus, Murut and Bajau.

Wishing you could gain something new and beneficial as well as enjoy everything that are presented here.

Happy reading !

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Journal Article : Sabah's People and History

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Journal Article : Sabah's People and History

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Key points :

The Kadazan-Dusun is the largest ethnic group in Sabah.

Kadazan-Dusun is the term assigned to the unification of the classification of two indigenous tribes in Sabah.

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𝟷. 𝚃𝚊𝚋𝚕𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚜

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𝟷. 𝚃𝚊𝚋𝚕𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚜
𝟸. 𝙸𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗
𝟹. 𝚆𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚒𝚜 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎?
𝟺. 𝙸𝚋𝚊𝚗
𝟻. 𝙺𝚊𝚍𝚊𝚣𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚞𝚜𝚞𝚗
𝟼. 𝚁𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚜
𝟽. 𝙼𝚞𝚛𝚞𝚝
𝟾. 𝙱𝚊𝚓𝚊𝚞
𝟿. 𝚁𝚎𝚏𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗
𝟷𝟶.  𝚁𝚎𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚜

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Journal Article : The Rungus - The Art of Blending Traditional Life-Style into the 20th Century

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Journal Article : The Rungus - The Art of Blending Traditional Life-Style into the 20th Century

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Key point :

A sub-group of the Kadazan-Dusun with a distinctive language and dialects , architecture, customs and clothing.

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An indigenous ethnic group - comprises 29 sub-ethnic groups inhabiting the northern inland regions of Borneo.

The last of Sabah's ethnic groups to renounce headhunting.

This is because collecting heads of enemies traditionally served a very important role in Murut spiritual beliefs.

The literal translation of murut is "hill people".

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Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups

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Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups

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Key points :

Rice cultivation plays a vital role in local culture & society with paddies growing around coastal Sabah and along mountain and hillside terraces.

Each stage of growing and harvesting was once associated with a specific ritual to appease spirits.

This strong connection to rice and traditions can be experienced at the annual Harvest Festival, or Kaamatan,held on May 30 and 31.

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Thesis : Language Attitudes of Kadazandusun People Toward Their Mother Tongue

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Thesis : Language Attitudes of Kadazandusun People Toward Their Mother Tongue

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Key points :

The Kadazandusun is the largest indigenous group in the state of Sabah.

In a study by Banker & Banker (1997), they have classified Kadazan as a Dusunic language.

In January 24, 1995 the Kadazan Dusun Cultural Association (KDCA) and the United Sabah Dusun Assocation (USDA) came to an agreement to use the term ‘Kadazandusun’ as an official name for the Dusunic group.

Central Dusun - used dialects of Bunduliwan (Bundu and Liwan)

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LANGUAGE ATTITUDES OF KADAZANDUSUN PEOPLE TOWARD THEIR MOTHER TONGUE

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Journal Article : People, Culture and Customs

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Journal Article : People, Culture and Customs

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The Rungus that are living in the Kudat district - known to have maintained their ancient traditions to this day.

Some of the women still wear costumes made from cloth processed form hand grown and handspun cotton.

Also well-known for their beadwork and the costume shows off some of their finest.

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Thesis : The Use of Kadazandusun Language in the Teaching of Mother Tongue Language

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Thesis : The Use of Kadazandusun Language in the Teaching of Mother Tongue Language

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Key points :

Spoken by about 750,000 speakers living in districts in Sabah such as Penampang, Papar, Tuaran, Tambunan, Ranau and Keningau.

Spoken in different dialects depending on the location.

Tangara dialect is used predominantly in the Westcoast areas.

Bundu-Liwan speakers are more widespread in the interior areas.

Differs in the pronunciation and the various meanings a word can have from one district to another.

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A CASE STUDY ON THE USE OF KADAZANDUSUN LANGUAGE-converted

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Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups

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Article : An Overview of Malaysia's Tribes and Ethnic Groups

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Key points :

Live in the interior and are known as the ‘hill people’.

Comprising  several subgroups  and  boasting  multiple  languages.

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𝙻𝚎𝚝’𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚎 𝚑𝚘𝚠 𝚋𝚎𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚏𝚞𝚕 𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 𝚠𝚘𝚞𝚕𝚍 𝚋𝚎 !

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𝙻𝚎𝚝’𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚎 𝚑𝚘𝚠 𝚋𝚎𝚊𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚏𝚞𝚕 𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎 𝚠𝚘𝚞𝚕𝚍 𝚋𝚎 !

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I found this video's interesting because the teacher was speaking fluently in the Kadazandusun language and explaining the subject very well.

Source :
DidikTV KPM. (2021).  DidikTV Road To Success SPM 2020 | Bahasa Kadazandusun [Youtube Video]. https://youtu.be/tWAKyuQmW1E

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DidikTV Road To Success SPM 2020 | Bahasa Kadazandusun

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Key points :

Spoken by 55,000 people in the far north of Sabah, Malaysia.

Classified as Austronesian, specifically Dusunic.

Several dialects: Pilapazan (Central Rungus or Rungus Tanga), Gandahon, Nuluw and Gonsomon.

Other names for this language - Momogun and Rungus Dusun.

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Comprise of subgroups such as Baukan, Gana', Kalabakan, Okolod, Paluan, Sulangai, Serudung, Tagal, Timugon and the Beaufort and Keningau Murut.

"Murut" means "hill people".

Speak 15 languages and 21 dialects.

Language commonly used and understood by the large majority is Tanggal.

Related to the Kadazandusun languages.

The Murut these days have abandoned much of their age-old traditions especially headhunting.

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Sabah Tourist Association Journal - Murut

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Key points :

The Rungus - people of northern Borneo who live in the Kudat Division of Sabah.

The dialect is a member of the Dusunic language family.

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Least numerous of the indigenous ethnic groups of Indonesian Borneo.

Speaking a distinctive Austronesian language also called Murut.

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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Article - Murut

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Article : Etnik Rungus: Siapakah Mereka Dan Dari Mana Mereka Datang?

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Article : Etnik Rungus: Siapakah Mereka Dan Dari Mana Mereka Datang?

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The Rungus ethnic language is classified as Astronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, North Borneo, Sabahan, Dusunic, and Dusun.

Dialects based on the location they live; Gandahon, Gonsomon, Nuluw, Pilapazan (Central Rungus, Rungus Tanga).

Dialects that are well-known among them; Gonsomon and Nuluw.

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𝚁𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚜 𝙳𝚒𝚊𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚜 / "𝙻𝚘𝚐𝚑𝚊𝚝"

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𝚁𝚞𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚜 𝙳𝚒𝚊𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚜 / "𝙻𝚘𝚐𝚑𝚊𝚝"

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This is a must-watch video if you're planning to learn Rungus language. It contains of various dialects in Rungus and the speaker explained it very clear and understandable.

Source :
Rungus Animation Studio. (2020). Ginis "Loghat" Rungus [Youtube Video]. https://youtu.be/jfenBdEc2Rg

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𝙻𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝙼𝚞𝚛𝚞𝚝 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎

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𝙻𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝙼𝚞𝚛𝚞𝚝 𝙻𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎

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This is a video in which I've learnt some basic words and sentences that was translated from Malay Language to Murut Language. Have a look at this. It is a wonderful video to be watched!

Source :
Samil, R. (2020). Mari Belajar Bahasa Murut Part 01 [Youtube Video]. https://youtu.be/oiVxlYa5zFo