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Andy Samberg relates to the circular flow of a market economy in many ways. First of all, Samberg himself is a household. When he goes into a store to buy new clothes, he is giving a product market expenditures in exchange for goods and services. When a TV network, such as Fox, offers him a role on a new show, he is giving his resources, in the form of his acting talents, to the resource market, Fox, in exchange for income. Another way Andy Samberg relates to the circular flow of a market economy is through his movies. Firms produce and create Andy Samberg movies for distribution. The firms provide product markets, such as Best Buy and Redbox, with these movies in exchange for money. The product markets then sell these movies to households, which are people like me, in exchange for our expenditures.

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If you're not familiar with the show Saturday Night Live, it is a late night comedy sketch show with a cast of about 15 comedians. Each week there is a celebrity host on the show who appears in sketches with the cast. The cast members have to pitch their sketch ideas to the host of the week, and to the show's producer, Lorne Michaels. Both Lorne and the host have to approve of the sketch idea before the sketch can be written and used on the show. When Andy Samberg was a cast member on the show, the quality of his work was fueled by competition. Think of Saturday Night Live as a market. Sellers enter a market if they believe there is an opportunity to make profit. In this case, "profit" is airtime on the show, and "sellers" are the cast members. The goal of every cast member on the show is to get as many sketches approved as they can. However, since there are many cast members, or "sellers," on the show, or the "market," each cast member must work as hard as possible on every sketch they make. When the show first started, Andy Samberg barely got any airtime, since his sketch ideas were low quality and weren't getting approved. He ended up improving the quality of his sketches to compete with the other cast members, which led to him getting more airtime.

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There are many different externalities, both positive and negative, associated with Andy Samberg. Externalities are the effects of your choices on people other than you. An example of a negative externality would be if I made the choice to watch an Andy Samberg movie by downloading it from an illegal website instead of buying it. There are multiple negative externalities involved with this example. One negative externality is that Andy Samberg loses money because I decided not to pay to watch his movie. Another negative externality would be that the advertisers who had advertisements before the movie would lose money because most websites for illegally downloading movies won't include the ads before the movie. One positive externality involved with this example would be that any advertisers on the website where I downloaded the movie from would get exposure because I would see the ads when I'm on the website.

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Andy Samberg is my favorite comedian. If it were up to me, I would only ever watch movies and TV shows that star Andy Samberg. However, I can't do that, due to the economic principal of scarcity. Scarcity is the condition of unlimited wants vs limited resources. In this case, I want unlimited Andy Samberg programs to watch, yet there is a limited number of Andy Samberg programs that I can watch. The first Big Idea of economics is that scarcity forces everyone to make trade offs. Because there aren't enough Andy Samberg movies for me to watch them all the time, I have to make a choice to spend some of my time watching other movies. Another way scarcity relates to Andy Samberg is how he decides what to make. When he was on Saturday Night Live, he wrote and starred in over 100 digital shorts. For each short, he only had a week to write and record it in time for the show. When you've made that many shorts, it can be very hard to come up with new ideas. In fact, there were many times throughout his career on the show that his shorts were rejected for being to similar to past shorts. This all relates to the principal of scarcity. Samberg would like to make as many original shorts as possible. However, there are a limited number of original ideas for shorts, and as he makes more and more shorts, original ideas become more and more scarce.

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According to the second Big Idea of economics, all choices have costs. An opportunity cost is the next best way you could have used your time, money, or resources. In the below example, Zach wants to use his time to watch a movie starring Andy Samberg. However, Jack would rather use his time to watch a movie starring Jack Black. If Zach ends up watching the Andy Samberg movie, the opportunity cost of that decision will be the Jack Black movie. If Jack decides to watch the Jack Black movie, the opportunity cost of his decision will be the Andy Samberg movie. Everybody in the world has to make trade offs. With every decision a person makes, there is always an alternative way they could have used their resources. The reason for trade offs is scarcity. Since there are limited resources, people need to choose how to spend them.

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Economic Concept 1: Trade Offs and Opportunity Costs