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how each branch checks the other branch 

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how each branch checks the other branch 

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The first 10 amendments of the constitution made up the Bill of Rights. It was written by James Madison for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties. The first amendment James Madison combined five basic freedoms into the First Amendment. These are the freedoms of religion, speech, the press, and assembly and the right to petition the government. The freedom of religion means that people can hold their religious belief, without fear of punishment. The freedom of speech is a free expression including symbolic speech or actions people take to express their opinions. Freedom of the press is a free flow of ideas on the media like newspaper and magazines. The freedom of assembly means that citizens can use public property for meetings and demonstrations. The freedom of petition is the right to present requests to the government without punishment or reprisal. The second amendment protects the right of individual to own weapons for personal use, including self-defense inside the home. The third amendment gave Americans the right to refuse to quarter troops in homes. The fourth amendment protects people and their belongings from "unreasonable searches and seizures. A seizure is an act of forcibly taking control of a person or property. The fifth amendment gives people who have accused of serious crimes the right to a grand jury hearing. It also protects citizens from double jeopardy. The sixth amendment lists a number of rights that are designed to provide accused persons with fair trials. Also, the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury. The seventh amendment says that; in all but minor cases, people involved in a civil case have had a right to a jury trial. The eighth amendment prevents judges from using unreasonably high bail to keep someone in jail before his or her day in court. The ninth Amendment states that any power not expressly stated by the Constitution should be given to the people. The last but not least tenth amendment says that powers not given to the national government by the constitution are reserved to the states or the people.

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The Legislative Branch is the one who makes laws. The legislative branch leader is made up of the two houses- the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Vice President is considered the head of the Senate.  The total number of Senate is 100, two for each state. The Senate are elected by their state and serve 6-year terms. The minimum age is thirty-years and plus. Also, the citizenship requirements are 9-years. The Speaker of the House, elected by the representatives, is considered the head of the house. The number of representatives each state gets is based its population. There are 435 representatives in the House of Representatives. Representatives are elected by their states and serve 2-year terms. The minimum age is twenty-five years and the citizenship requirement is 7-years.

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A government needs people to carry out, or execute, the laws passed by the legislature. The Executive Branch is the one who carries out, or executes, the laws. The head of the executive branch is the president. The President also appoints or removes cabinet members and officials. He negotiates treaties and acts as head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. The executive branch also includes the Vice President and other officials, such as members of the cabinet. The cabinet is made up of the heads of the 15 major departments of the government. The cabinet gives advice to the President about important matters. The Continental Congress decided the president would be selected by a group of electors. But the President is elected by the entire country. The President serves a 4-year term. The minimum age is 35 and the citizenship requirement is you have to be born in the United States.

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The framers of the Constitution wanted a strong national government, but they also wanted the states to keep significant power. They accomplished both goals by creating a federal system of government in which power is shared between the national and state governments. The powers of the national government are coin money, set up a postal system, maintain military forces, declaring war, regulating interstate and foreign commerce, regulating immigration, and negotiating treaties with foreign countries. The powers of the state governments are conducting elections, establishing local governments, establishing schools, regulating marriage, regulating divorce, regulating adoption, regulating intrastate commerce, enacting license requirements, proving fire and police protection. Lastly, the concurrent powers are guaranteeing civil rights and liberties, levying and collecting taxes, proving for public safety, protecting public health, establishing courts, punishing lawbreakers, borrowing money, and constructing and maintaining roads.

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Protecting the Constitution is one of the principal responsibilities of the third branch of government, the Judicial branch. The Judicial branch consists of the system of federal courts and judges. The Supreme Court is the head of the judicial branch. On the Supreme Court there are nine justices, or judges: eight associate justices and one chief justice. The judges are nominated by the President and approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land. Its decisions are final, and no other court can overrule those decisions. Decisions of the Supreme Court set precedents—new ways of interpreting the law. They have no term limits and age limit. There is also no citizenship requirement.

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Another major question facing the delegates concerned who would head the new government's executive branch. Charles Pinckney urged the creation of a "vigorous executive." James Wilson followed with a proposal that a single person serves as the chief executive. some delegates wanted Congress to appoint the President. Also, several delegates thought that the people should elect the president. After some 60 votes on the issue of how to elect the president, the farmers reached another compromise. Neither Congress nor the people, they decided, should choose the president and vice president. instead, a special body called the Electoral College would elect the government's leaders.

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The three-fifths compromise was an agreement between Southern and Northern states if you should count slaves as part of the population rather than as property. Most of the Northern states did not want to count slaves at all, arguing that they should be treated as property since they didn't have votes or any other power. The Southern states, however, wanted to count slaves as people so that they would get more representation in Congress, solidifying their political power. In the end, two representatives, James Wilson and Roger Sherman, come up with the three-fifths compromise, which allowed the government to count part of the slave population.

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The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia debated on what type of legislative body the new national government of the United States should have. Edmund Randolph made the Virginia Plan. This plan called for a two-house(bicameral) legislative. Membership in both houses would be in proportion to a state's population. Small states opposed this idea fearing they would be powerless against the large states.  In response, William Patterson made the New Jersey Plan. Under this plan, there would be one house(unicameral) legislative where each state would have equal representation regardless of its population's size. Large states opposed this plan because its was a repeat of the weak Congress that existed under the Articles of Confederation. Finally, a committee consisting each state was formed to create a compromise. It created a bicameral legislature. n the upper house, each state would have equal representation, meaning two senators per state. The lower house would have representation based on population, meaning one representative for every 30,000 people.

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unit 3 text book

convention compromises reading

fact monster

Chapter 9

chapter 10

google images

Youtube

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Checks and Balances are where each branch of government has the power to check or limit/veto the actions of the other two branches so neither branch will not get too much power. The Legislative Branch (congress) can check the Executive Branch(President) by rejecting treaties or even appointments. It can also check the Judicial Branch (Supreme Court) by impeaching Supreme Court justices. The Judicial can check the Legislative by declaring if a law is unconstitutional. It can check the Executive by declaring if their actions are unconstitutional. The Executive can check the Legislative by delaying Congress in certain situations. It can also check the Judicial by appointing judges.

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After the Revolution, the colonies were officially independent Great Britain. They needed to create a system of government to run this new nation. The first system created was known as the Articles of Confederation and was on adopted on November 15, 1777. Some of the strengths in the Articles of confederation is mostly towards the government. The government could sign treaties and waged a war. Not only that there was also something called the Northwest Ordinance. This law divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories. As soon as a territory had 5,000 free adults males, it could elect ts own legislature or lawmaking body. When the population reached 60,000, a territory could apply to Congress to become a state. This system of settlement served the nation well. Not only the strength there are also weaknesses.The paper money printed by Congress during the war was worthless. Congress had the power to make coins that would lose their value. But it lacked gold or silver to mint into coins. There was also Shay's rebellion that was an uprising led by a former militia officer, Daniel Shays, which broke out in western Massachusetts in 1786. Shays's followers protested foreclosures of farms for debt and briefly succeeded in shutting down the court system. Although the rebellion was easily overcome, it persuaded conservatives of the need for a strong national government and contributed to the movement to draft the Constitution.