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Solute, Solution, and Solvent

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Mixtures

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Compounds

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Compounds

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Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

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Periodic Table of Elements

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How Much Solute Can Be Added to a Solvent? 

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How Much Solute Can Be Added to a Solvent? 

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-as more solute is added to a substance, the concentration of the solution becomes greater -there is a limit to the amount of solute than can be added to a solution
-once it has reached its limit, the solvent will not dissolve the solute

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-a solution is a homogeneous mixture
-the solution appears to be a single substance
-the process in which particles of substances separate and spread evenly throughout a a mixture is know as dissolving
-water is a very common solvent
-many different substances dissolve in water, it is often called the "universal solvent"
-the key point in forming a solution is that the particles of the components are evenly spread throughout the solution

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-compounds are made up of elements that are always present in a fixed ratio.
-a mixture, however, does not have a fixed ratio of components

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-no chemical change happens when a mixture is made
-the components of a mixture are not changed into new chemicals, they can often be separated easily

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Consentration: the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore.
Mixture: A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Solubility: the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure
Solute: in a solution, the substance that dissolves the solute
Solution: a homogeneous mixture throghouut which two or more substances are dispersed
Solvent: in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves

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-some compounds can be broken down into their elements by applying heat or using electricity

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Do Elements Always Combine in the Same Way to Make Compounds? 

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Do Elements Always Combine in the Same Way to Make Compounds? 

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-carbon monoxide has one carbon atom combined with one oxygen atom
-the properties of a compound depend on which elements combine and how much of each element is in the compound

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-every compound has a unique set of properties -the properties are different for different compounds

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-physical properties of compounds include melting point, boiling point,  density, and color -chemical properties can be used to identify compounds
-the properties of a compound differ, not only from those of other compounds, but also from those of its elements.

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-during a chemical reaction, new substances are formed because atoms are rearranged.
in some chemical reactions, two or more elements combine to form a compound
-In other chemical reactions, a compound can be separated into elements or simpler compounds

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Compound: A compound is a pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined

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-two elements of a particular property are common, but you can use other properties to tell them apart (Physical and Chemical properties)

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n element has three major categories of elements: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

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-elements can be classified two different ways
-first you can identify its physical properties you can do this by looking at the color, hardness, melting point, density, and texture
-you can identify and element by an element by its chemical properties, by looking at its reactivity and flammability.

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-the electric current causes oxygen and hydrogen gases to form
-pure substances that are not elements can be broken down into simpler substances
-the basic particles of an element are called atoms

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Element: a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical or physical methods
Pure Substance: A material in which all of the basic particles are identical
Metal: conducts heat and electricity
Nonmetal: An element that conducts heat and electricity poorly
Metalloid: an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals

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Period 7
November 2