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ulticulturalism
Heywood 325-326
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richard jones
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In the more radical 'republican' multiculturalism that it practised in France, an emphasis on secularism, in public life has led to bans on wearing the hijab, or Muslim headscarf, in schools, and since 2003, to a ban on all forms of overt religious affiliation in French schools. In 2010, France passed legislation in banning the full face veil in public, with

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Liberal multiculturalism shows a commitment to toleration and a desire to uphold freedom of choice in the moral sphere, especially in relation to matters that are of central concern to particular culture or religious traditions. It often places an emphasis on togetherness and does not have a tendency towards conflict. It does this by qualifying it's endorsement of cultural diversity. They are only prepared to tolerate values and social practices that are compatible with freedom and autonomy, which implies that minority rights should be limited to groups which permit members to question, revise and even reject the group, and that groups should only be entitled to public recognition if they are open and tolerant and resist authoritarian impulses.

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Liberal Multiculturalism
Heywood 325-326
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# data[].attributes.body
In the more radical 'republican' multiculturalism that it practised in France, an emphasis on secularism, in public life has led to bans on wearing the hijab, or Muslim headscarf, in schools, and since 2003, to a ban on all forms of overt religious affiliation in French schools. In 2010, France passed legislation in banning the full face veil in public, with Belgium following suit in 2011. Some multiculturalists, however, view such trends as an attack on multiculturalism itself.

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In the more radical 'republican' multiculturalism

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Cultural diversity within a liberal-Democratic frame-work

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Since the 1970s, liberal thinkers have taken the issue of cultural diversity increasingly seriously and have developed a form of liberal multiculturalism. John Rawls, for example, championed this belief in arguing that liberalism strives to establish conditions in which people can establish the good life as each defines it (the right), but it does not prescribe or try to promote any particular values or moral beliefs (the good).

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- Communitarianism
- Minority Rights
- Diversity strengthens toleration and personal autonomy

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Will Kymlicka has developed the most influential liberal theory of multiculturalism by marrying the liberal values of autonomy and equality with an argument about the value of cultural membership. Kymlicka views cultures as instrumentally valuable to individuals, for two main reasons. First, cultural membership is an important condition of personal autonomy. Second, cultural membership plays an important role in people's self-identity.

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Another aspect of multiculturalism is that it regards liberal democracy as the sole legitimate political system. The virtue of liberal democracy is that it ensures that government is based on the consent of the people, and, in providing guarantees for personal freedom and toleration, it helps to uphold diversity.

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One feature of multiculturalism is that it draws an important distinction between 'private' and 'public' life. People should be free to express their cultural, religious and language identity.

# data[].attributes.body
Liberal multiculturalism shows a commitment to toleration and a desire to uphold freedom of choice in the moral sphere, especially in relation to matters that are of central concern to particular culture or religious traditions. It often places an emphasis on togetherness and does not have a tendency towards conflict. It does this by qualifying it's endorsement of cultural diversity. They are only prepared to tolerate values and social practices that are compatible with freedom and autonomy, which implies that minority rights should be limited to groups which permit members to question, revise and even reject the group, and that groups should only be entitled to public recognition if they are open and tolerant and resist authoritarian impulses.